{"id":1083,"date":"2009-11-06T06:09:33","date_gmt":"2009-11-06T08:09:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1083"},"modified":"2018-03-15T01:09:11","modified_gmt":"2018-03-15T04:09:11","slug":"abeceda-japonskeho-puvodu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/alfabeto-japones-origem\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u016fvod japonsk\u00e9 abecedy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159ed zaveden\u00edm \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch symbol\u016f do Japonska neexistovaly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed d\u016fkazy o tom, \u017ee by lid vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho slunce ji\u017e m\u011bl n\u011bjakou formu p\u00edsma. Navzdory pov\u011bstem o p\u016fvodu <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/japonske-systemy-psani\/\">Japonsk\u00e9 p\u00edsmo<\/a>V\u0161ichni se shoduj\u00ed, \u017ee poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch symbol\u016f.<span id=\"more-4\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>P\u016fvod japonsk\u00e9 abecedy<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1084 size-full\" title=\"p\u016fvod japonsk\u00e9 abecedy\" src=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/origem-do-alfabeto-japones.jpg\" alt=\"p\u016fvod japonsk\u00e9 abecedy\" width=\"109\" height=\"108\" srcset=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/origem-do-alfabeto-japones.jpg 109w, https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/origem-do-alfabeto-japones-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/origem-do-alfabeto-japones-65x65.jpg 65w, https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/origem-do-alfabeto-japones-125x125.jpg 125w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 109px) 100vw, 109px\" \/>Mnoz\u00ed historici se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 znaky se do Japonska dostaly prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm buddhistick\u00fdch mnich\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed s sebou do Japonska p\u0159inesli \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 texty kolem 5. stolet\u00ed. Tyto texty byly naps\u00e1ny v \u010d\u00edn\u0161tin\u011b a zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se tak i \u010detly, ale v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let byl vytvo\u0159en syst\u00e9m tzv.\u00a0<strong>kanbun (\u6f22\u6587)<\/strong>\u00a0byl vyvinut. O <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kanbun\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m v podstat\u011b<\/a> pou\u017e\u00edvaly znaky, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148ovaly pou\u017e\u00edvat \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 symboly k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed japonsk\u00fdch slov, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zachoval p\u016fvodn\u00ed jazyk.<\/p>\n<p>Proto\u017ee japon\u0161tina v t\u00e9 dob\u011b nem\u011bla psanou podobu, byl pou\u017eit jin\u00fd syst\u00e9m, tzv.\u00a0<strong>man'yogana<\/strong>\u00a0kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edval n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 znaky sp\u00ed\u0161e na z\u00e1klad\u011b vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdslovnosti ne\u017e jejich v\u00fdznamu.<\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem 8. stolet\u00ed, kdy se rozv\u00edjela japonsk\u00e1 literatura, bylo mnoho \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch symbol\u016f zjednodu\u0161eno a vznikl tak syst\u00e9m zalo\u017een\u00fd na fon\u00e9mech, kter\u00fd dnes zn\u00e1me pod n\u00e1zvem <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/hiragana-tabela-complete\/\">hiragana<\/a>. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b sice japonsk\u00e9 \u017eeny nem\u011bly p\u0159\u00edstup ke vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed odborn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b, ale mnoh\u00e9 z nich vynikaly v oblasti literatury a p\u0159isp\u011bly ke konstrukci hiragany. \"Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky \u017eensk\u00e9mu vlivu se\u00a0<strong>hiragana<\/strong>\u00a0m\u00e1 tyto zak\u0159iven\u00e9 a v\u00edce navr\u017een\u00e9 tvary...\"<\/p>\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b se studenti v kl\u00e1\u0161te\u0159e sna\u017eili naj\u00edt jednoduch\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak zn\u00e1zornit zvuky v p\u00edsmu. Nov\u00e9 symboly vznikl\u00e9 t\u00edmto procesem byly vytvo\u0159eny s v\u00edce polygon\u00e1ln\u00edmi nebo \u010dtvercov\u00fdmi tahy, co\u017e usnad\u0148ovalo jejich psan\u00ed. Tyto symboly se dnes naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed\u00a0<strong>katakana<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Jednoduch\u00fdm a kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm studiem japonsk\u00e9 historie jsme si potvrdili, \u017ee japonsk\u00e9 p\u00edsmo skute\u010dn\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u010c\u00edny a \u017ee abecedy zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako hiragana a hiragon\u0161tina se v Japonsku pou\u017e\u00edvaly od roku 1848. <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/katakana-tabela-complete\/\">katakana<\/a> poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch znak\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159ed zaveden\u00edm \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch symbol\u016f v Japonsku neexistovaly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed d\u016fkazy o tom, \u017ee by lid vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho slunce ji\u017e m\u011bl n\u011bjakou formu p\u00edsma. Navzdory v\u0161em \u0159e\u010dem o p\u016fvodu japonsk\u00e9ho p\u00edsma, v\u0161echny<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1088,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46,47,48,49],"tags":[16,50],"class_list":["post-1083","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-alfabeto-japones","category-alfabeto-japones-hiragana","category-alfabeto-japones-katakana","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","tag-alfabeto-japones","tag-origem-do-alfabeto-japones","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1083","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1083"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1083\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1088"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1083"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1083"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1083"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}