{"id":12,"date":"2014-08-24T21:16:20","date_gmt":"2014-08-25T00:16:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=12"},"modified":"2018-03-15T01:18:04","modified_gmt":"2018-03-15T04:18:04","slug":"jak-se-naucit-japonsky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/como-aprender-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak se u\u010dit japonsky"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"c0799bc3a0e94be098a47dd4bca28a45\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>U\u010den\u00ed <strong>Japonsk\u00fd jazyk<\/strong>Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt trochu obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, ale spr\u00e1vn\u00fd zp\u016fsob u\u010den\u00ed v\u00e1m to m\u016f\u017ee usnadnit.<\/p>\n<p>Jako <a title=\"Japonsk\u00fd online program\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/japones-online-program\/\">m\u016fj Sensei vysv\u011btlil<\/a>Plynul\u00e1 znalost jazyka, v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b japon\u0161tiny, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na \u0159ad\u011b faktor\u016f, z nich\u017e nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je vstupn\u00ed znalost.<\/p>\n<h2>Co je vstup?<\/h2>\n<p>Nen\u00ed to nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e informace, kter\u00e9 vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1te, jin\u00fdmi slovy v\u0161e, co p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1te. P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt poslech a \u010dten\u00ed. V\u00fdstupem by bylo mluven\u00ed a psan\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, Input by byl vstup a Output v\u00fdstup.<\/p>\n<p>Nyn\u00ed, kdy\u017e v\u00edme, \u017ee pot\u0159ebujete spoustu vstupn\u00edch informac\u00ed, abyste vykro\u010dili spr\u00e1vnou nohou, zjist\u011bme n\u011bco v\u00edce o japon\u0161tin\u011b.<\/p>\n<h2>Japonsk\u00e1 abeceda<\/h2>\n<h3>Hiragana<\/h3>\n<p>M\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 48 znak\u016f a ka\u017ed\u00fd znak odpov\u00edd\u00e1 jedn\u00e9 slabice. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u304b se vyslovuje KA. Viz obr\u00e1zek n\u00ed\u017ee:<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-14 size-full alignnone\" title=\"Japonsk\u00e1 abeceda Hiragana\" src=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/hiragana.jpg\" alt=\"Japonsk\u00e1 abeceda Hiragana\" width=\"71\" height=\"33\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Katakana<\/h3>\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako hiragana m\u00e1 48 znak\u016f a nej\u010dast\u011bji se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k z\u00e1pisu slov ciz\u00edho p\u016fvodu. Znak katakany p\u0159edstavuje tak\u00e9 slabiku; \u30ab se vyslovuje KA.<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-15 size-full alignnone\" title=\"Japonsk\u00e1 abeceda katakana\" src=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Katakana.jpg\" alt=\"Japonsk\u00e1 abeceda katakana\" width=\"70\" height=\"127\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Kanji<\/h3>\n<p>Nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed japonsk\u00e1 abeceda je z\u00e1rove\u0148 abecedou s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem znak\u016f ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s hiraganou a katakanou, ve skute\u010dnosti mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm! Existuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 000 znak\u016f\/ideogram\u016f, ale k tomu, abyste se nau\u010dili plynule japonsky, pot\u0159ebujete p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 000 kand\u017ei. Jedn\u00edm z velk\u00fdch rozd\u00edl\u016f je, \u017ee kand\u017ei p\u0159edstavuje my\u0161lenku, a ne jen slabiku, p\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22 size-full\" title=\"Strom kanji\" src=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/arvore_kanji.jpg\" alt=\"Japonsk\u00e1 abeceda Kanji Tree\" width=\"182\" height=\"174\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Japonsk\u00e1 abeceda se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z hiragany, katakany a kand\u017ei. Prvn\u00ed dv\u011b se m\u016f\u017eete nau\u010dit sami nebo s u\u010ditelem, zat\u00edmco kand\u017ei je o n\u011bco slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale nen\u00ed nemo\u017en\u00e9 se ji nau\u010dit. Jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 m\u016fj Sensei, soust\u0159e\u010fte se na u\u010den\u00ed slov, a ne na izolovan\u00e9 kand\u017ei, proto\u017ee kand\u017ei m\u00e1 obvykle n\u011bkolik \u010dten\u00ed i ve stejn\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>V japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u0161echny t\u0159i japonsk\u00e9 abecedy sou\u010dasn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Nesm\u00edme zapomenout na dv\u011b mo\u017enosti, kter\u00e9 jsou jakousi pom\u016fckou pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/japones-expresso-curso-online-japones\/\">u\u010den\u00ed japon\u0161tiny<\/a>kter\u00e9 jsou <strong>Romaji<\/strong> e <strong>Furigana<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Co je romad\u017ei?<\/h2>\n<p>Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 s v\u00fdslovnost\u00ed a porozum\u011bn\u00edm japonsk\u00e9mu p\u00edsmu, jak jsme ji\u017e vid\u011bli na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch v\u00fd\u0161e. Ka\u017ed\u00fd japonsk\u00fd znak byl \"romanizov\u00e1n\" do na\u0161\u00ed latinky\/\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 abecedy, aby mu ka\u017ed\u00fd cizinec porozum\u011bl a spr\u00e1vn\u011b jej vyslovil. P\u0159\u00edkladem, kter\u00fd jsem uvedl v\u00fd\u0161e, je \u304b=KA.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Co d\u011bl\u00e1 <a title=\"Romaji wikipedia\" href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romaji\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p>R\u014dmaji (\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u5b57)<a href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ajuda:Japon%C3%AAs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">?<\/a>\u00a0(doslova \"\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno\") se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i fonetick\u00e9m p\u0159episu japonsk\u00e9ho jazyka do latinky (nebo \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 abecedy). Japon\u0161tina se obvykle zapisuje bu\u010f kand\u017ei (asi dva tis\u00edce ideogram\u016f), nebo hiraganou a katakanou (po 48). Romanizace se objevuje v\u0161ude tam, kde jsou zpr\u00e1vy ur\u010den\u00e9 cizinc\u016fm, nap\u0159\u00edklad na pouli\u010dn\u00edch cedul\u00edch, v pasech, slovn\u00edc\u00edch a u\u010debnic\u00edch pro studenty jazyka. Jedn\u00e1 se o transliteraci japonsk\u00e9ho jazyka.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Co je to furigana?<\/h2>\n<p>Zp\u016fsob, jak pomoci t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed se u\u010d\u00ed kand\u017ei. V manze a anime \u010dasto vid\u00edme slova, kter\u00e1 jsou naps\u00e1na na vrcholu kand\u017ei, obvykle v hiragan\u011b, aby n\u00e1m pomohla nau\u010dit se v\u00fdslovnost a v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n<p>Nezapome\u0148te, \u017ee abyste mohli za\u010d\u00edt zad\u00e1vat \u00fadaje, mus\u00edte se nau\u010dit \u010d\u00edst v japon\u0161tin\u011b. Kdy\u017e se nau\u010d\u00edte \u010d\u00edst, m\u016f\u017eete hltat knihy, mangu, anime, filmy a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edho.<\/p>\n<p>Tak jste se dozv\u011bd\u011bli n\u011bco o japon\u0161tin\u011b a jej\u00ed abeced\u011b, dal\u0161\u00ed tipy ji\u017e brzy!<\/p>\n<p>Ganbate!<\/p>\n<p><small>Zdroj obr\u00e1zku: <a title=\"Japonsk\u00fd online program\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/in\/aprenda-nihongo\/\" target=\"_blank\">Online program v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>U\u010dit se japon\u0161tinu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zpo\u010d\u00e1tku trochu obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, ale spr\u00e1vn\u00fd zp\u016fsob u\u010den\u00ed v\u00e1m to m\u016f\u017ee zna\u010dn\u011b usnadnit. Jak mi vysv\u011btlil m\u016fj Sensei, aby \u010dlov\u011bk mohl plynule<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2,3],"class_list":["post-12","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-japones","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}