{"id":1570,"date":"2009-11-03T04:34:36","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:34:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1570"},"modified":"2018-03-06T00:29:39","modified_gmt":"2018-03-06T03:29:39","slug":"mesice-v-japonskem-jazyce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/meses-do-ano-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u011bs\u00edce v roce v japon\u0161tin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

Abychom pochopili, jak ps\u00e1t m\u011bs\u00edce v japonsk\u00e9m jazyce<\/strong>, je nutn\u00e9 zn\u00e1t \u010d\u00edsla v japon\u0161tin\u011b. To je nutn\u00e9, proto\u017ee m\u011bs\u00edce v roce se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z\u00a0\u010d\u00edsla v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>\u00a0a japonsk\u00fdm symbolem\u6708<\/acronym>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b na\u0161ich studi\u00ed japonsk\u00e9ho jazyka v\u00edme, \u017ee\u00a0\u6708<\/acronym>\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee evokovat p\u0159edstavu m\u011bs\u00edce, zkr\u00e1cen\u00e9ho pond\u011bl\u00ed a m\u011bs\u00edce v roce. Pou\u017eit\u00edm\u00a0\u6708<\/acronym>\u00a0Jako pojem ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc v roce se jeho v\u00fdslovnost op\u011bt m\u011bn\u00ed. A nyn\u00ed japonsk\u00fd znak\u00a0\u6708<\/acronym>\u00a0bude se \u010d\u00edst jako\u00a0ga<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n

Jak tvo\u0159it n\u00e1zvy m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n

K vytvo\u0159en\u00ed slov ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edce v japonsk\u00e9m jazyce sta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159idat jedno z\u00a0\u010d\u00edsla v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>\u00a0na lev\u00e9 stran\u011b\u00a0\u6708<\/acronym>. D\u016fvodem je to, \u017ee japon\u0161tina nem\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed slova pro jednotliv\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edce v roce (jako leden, \u00fanor atd.). M\u00edsto toho Japonci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla od 1 do 12, za nimi\u017e n\u00e1sleduje symbol\u00a0\u6708<\/acronym>. B\u0159ezen je tedy\u00a0b\u0159ezen<\/acronym>, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 \u201ct\u0159et\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc roku\u201d.<\/p>\n

Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee se tento pojem d\u00e1 nau\u010dit pom\u011brn\u011b snadno, proto\u017ee i my s m\u011bs\u00edci v roce zach\u00e1z\u00edme podobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. N\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e1 tabulka ukazuje, jak se m\u011bs\u00edce v roce \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed v japon\u0161tin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
M\u011bs\u00edce v roce v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/strong><\/caption>\n
kanji<\/th>\n\u010dten\u00ed<\/th>\np\u0159eklad<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
leden<\/acronym><\/td>\nleden<\/acronym><\/td>\nLeden, prvn\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc roku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00fanor<\/acronym><\/td>\n\u00fanor<\/acronym><\/td>\n\u00danor, druh\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc roku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
b\u0159ezen<\/acronym><\/td>\nsangatsu<\/acronym><\/td>\nB\u0159ezen, t\u0159et\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc roku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
duben<\/acronym><\/td>\n\u3057\u304c\u3064<\/acronym><\/td>\nDuben, \u010dtvrt\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc roku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kv\u011bten<\/acronym><\/td>\nGogatsu<\/acronym><\/td>\nKv\u011bten, p\u00e1t\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc v roce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u010derven<\/acronym><\/td>\n\u010derven<\/acronym><\/td>\n\u010cerven, \u0161est\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc v roce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u010dervenec<\/acronym><\/td>\n\u010dervenec<\/acronym><\/td>\n\u010cervenec, sedm\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc v roce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
srpen<\/acronym><\/td>\nsrpen<\/acronym><\/td>\nSrpen, osm\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc v roce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed<\/acronym><\/td>\nkugatsu<\/acronym><\/td>\nZ\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, dev\u00e1t\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc v roce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0159\u00edjen<\/acronym><\/td>\n\u0159\u00edjen<\/acronym><\/td>\n\u0158\u00edjen, des\u00e1t\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc v roce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
listopad<\/acronym><\/td>\n1. leden<\/acronym><\/td>\nListopad, jeden\u00e1ct\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc v roce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
prosinec<\/acronym><\/td>\nprosinec<\/acronym><\/td>\nProsinec, dvan\u00e1ct\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc v roce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Dny v m\u011bs\u00edci v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n

Stejn\u011b jako v portugal\u0161tin\u011b neexistuje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed slovo pro dny v m\u011bs\u00edci, neexistuje ani v japon\u0161tin\u011b slovo, kter\u00e9 by tyto dny ozna\u010dovalo. Tento koncept se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt mnohem bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed realit\u011b.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se n\u00e1s n\u011bkdo zept\u00e1: \u201cJak\u00fd je dnes den?\u201d, jednodu\u0161e odpov\u00edme: \u201cDnes je prvn\u00edho.\u201d nebo \u201cdvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho sedm\u00e9ho\u201d. V japon\u0161tin\u011b to funguje velmi podobn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Jedin\u00e1 v\u011bc, kterou mus\u00edme ud\u011blat jinak, je pou\u017e\u00edt \u010d\u00edsla v japon\u0161tin\u011b a p\u0159idat kanji\u00a0\u65e5<\/acronym>, jeho\u017e v\u00fdslovnost se v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zm\u011bn\u00ed na\u00a0nich<\/acronym>, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 \u201cden\u201d. Pod\u00edvejte se na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulku:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Dny v m\u011bs\u00edci v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/strong><\/caption>\n
kanji<\/th>\n\u010dten\u00ed<\/th>\np\u0159eklad<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
jeden den<\/acronym><\/td>\nprvn\u00ed den m\u011bs\u00edce<\/acronym><\/td>\nPrvn\u00ed den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Druh\u00fd den<\/acronym><\/td>\nfutsuka<\/acronym><\/td>\nDruh\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
t\u0159i dny<\/acronym><\/td>\n\u307f\u3063\u304b<\/acronym><\/td>\nT\u0159et\u00ed den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u010dtvrt\u00fd den<\/acronym><\/td>\n\u30e8\u30c3\u30ab<\/acronym><\/td>\n\u010ctvrt\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
p\u00e1t\u00fd den<\/acronym><\/td>\nn\u011bkdy<\/acronym><\/td>\nP\u00e1t\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0161est\u00fd den<\/acronym><\/td>\nmuika<\/acronym><\/td>\n\u0160est\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sedm dn\u00ed<\/acronym><\/td>\nnebo snad<\/acronym><\/td>\nSedm\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
osm\u00e9ho<\/acronym><\/td>\nMo\u017en\u00e1<\/acronym><\/td>\nOsm\u00e9ho<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dev\u00e1t\u00fd den<\/acronym><\/td>\nTady?<\/acronym><\/td>\nDev\u00e1t\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
des\u00e1t\u00fd den<\/acronym><\/td>\nTooka<\/acronym><\/td>\nDes\u00e1t\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
jeden\u00e1ct\u00e9ho<\/acronym><\/td>\njeden\u00e1ct\u00e9ho dne<\/acronym><\/td>\nJeden\u00e1ct\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
dvan\u00e1ct\u00e9ho<\/acronym><\/td>\ndvan\u00e1ct\u00e9ho<\/acronym><\/td>\nDvan\u00e1ct\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13.<\/acronym><\/td>\n13. den<\/acronym><\/td>\nT\u0159in\u00e1ct\u00e9ho<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u010dtrn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho<\/acronym><\/td>\n14.<\/acronym><\/td>\n\u010ctrn\u00e1ct\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
patn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho<\/acronym><\/td>\npatn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho<\/acronym><\/td>\nPatn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho<\/acronym><\/td>\n\u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho<\/acronym><\/td>\n\u0160estn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17.<\/acronym><\/td>\nsedmn\u00e1ct\u00fd den<\/acronym><\/td>\nSedmn\u00e1ct\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho<\/acronym><\/td>\nosmn\u00e1ct\u00fd den<\/acronym><\/td>\nOsmn\u00e1ct\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho<\/acronym><\/td>\ndes\u00e1t\u00fd den<\/acronym><\/td>\nDevaten\u00e1ct\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho<\/acronym><\/td>\nhasuka<\/acronym><\/td>\nDvac\u00e1t\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho prvn\u00edho<\/acronym><\/td>\ndvacet jedna dn\u00ed<\/acronym><\/td>\nDvac\u00e1t\u00fd prvn\u00ed den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22.<\/acronym><\/td>\ndvan\u00e1ct\u00e9ho<\/acronym><\/td>\nDvac\u00e1t\u00fd druh\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23.<\/acronym><\/td>\ndvacet t\u0159i<\/acronym><\/td>\nDvac\u00e1t\u00fd t\u0159et\u00ed den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24.<\/acronym><\/td>\ndvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho<\/acronym><\/td>\nDvac\u00e1t\u00fd \u010dtvrt\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25.<\/acronym><\/td>\npatn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho<\/acronym><\/td>\nDvacet p\u00e1t\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26.<\/acronym><\/td>\n\u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho<\/acronym><\/td>\nDvac\u00e1t\u00fd \u0161est\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27.<\/acronym><\/td>\nsedmn\u00e1ct dn\u00ed<\/acronym><\/td>\nDvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho sedm\u00e9ho<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28.<\/acronym><\/td>\nosmn\u00e1ct dn\u00ed<\/acronym><\/td>\nDvac\u00e1t\u00fd osm\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29.<\/acronym><\/td>\ndvacet dev\u011bt<\/acronym><\/td>\nDvac\u00e1t\u00fd dev\u00e1t\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00e9ho<\/acronym><\/td>\nt\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fd den<\/acronym><\/td>\nT\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fd den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00e9ho prvn\u00edho<\/acronym><\/td>\nt\u0159icet jeden den<\/acronym><\/td>\nT\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fd prvn\u00ed den<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na kanji pro \u010d\u00edsla od jedn\u00e9 do deseti, naraz\u00edme na prvn\u00ed komplikace. \u010c\u00edsla, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k ozna\u010den\u00ed dn\u016f v m\u011bs\u00edci, se \u010dtou jinak, ne\u017e jak jsme se nau\u010dili v \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch o\u00a0\u010d\u00edsla v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010dty\u0159i\u00a0<\/acronym>v japon\u0161tin\u011b je to\u00a0yon<\/acronym>zat\u00edmco \u201c\u010dtvrt\u00fd den nebo \u010dtvrt\u00fd den v m\u011bs\u00edci\u201d je\u00a0\u30e8\u30c3\u30ab<\/acronym>. Krom\u011b toho mus\u00edme v\u011bnovat zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost tomu, abychom nezam\u011b\u0148ovali\u00a0\u010dtvrt\u00fd den<\/acronym>\u00a0s\u00a0osm\u00e9ho<\/acronym>.
\n
\nV\u0161imn\u011bte si tak\u00e9, \u017ee \u010dten\u00ed\u00a0\u30e8\u30c3\u30ab<\/acronym>\u00a0to sam\u00e9 plat\u00ed pro 14. a 24. A na z\u00e1v\u011br je na 20. p\u0159ipraveno speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed\u00a0hasuka<\/acronym>. Pokud jde o ostatn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla, \u0159\u00edd\u00ed se stejn\u00fdm vzorem jako \u010d\u00edsla, kter\u00e1 jsme se dosud nau\u010dili.<\/p>\n

Indo-arabsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslice a m\u011bs\u00edce v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n

A\u010dkoli jsem tuto str\u00e1nku napsal v\u00fdhradn\u011b v kanji, je velmi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee slova, kter\u00e1 jsme se dnes nau\u010dili, se vyskytuj\u00ed v z\u00e1padn\u00edm \u010d\u00edslov\u00e1n\u00ed (z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla 1, 2, 3, 4\u2026). V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech sta\u010d\u00ed japonsk\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla nahradit z\u00e1padn\u00edmi.<\/p>\n

T\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fd den lze nap\u0159\u00edklad zapsat jako\u00a0t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00e9ho<\/acronym>\u00a0nebo jak\u00a030.<\/acronym>, a m\u011bs\u00edc\u00a0srpen<\/acronym>lze tak\u00e9 zapsat jako\u00a0srpen<\/acronym>. P\u0159esto si ale pamatujte, \u017ee v\u00fdslovnost bude v\u017edy japonsk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Cvi\u010den\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edho psan\u00ed kand\u017ei<\/h2>\n

N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny\u00a0Japonsk\u00e9 ideografick\u00e9 symboly<\/a>\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. V\u00fdb\u011br po\u017eadovan\u00fdch kand\u017ei zkop\u00edrujte a vlo\u017ete je do pole\u00a0Pracovn\u00ed list pro procvi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed kany a kand\u017ei<\/a>\u00a0otev\u0159e se nov\u00e9 okno, ve kter\u00e9m si m\u016f\u017eete prohl\u00e9dnout soubor k vytisknut\u00ed a procvi\u010dit si japonskou kaligrafii zakryt\u00edm \u0161ed\u00fdch symbol\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm pokusem o vlastn\u00ed psan\u00ed. Sta\u010d\u00ed vytisknout a procvi\u010dovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u6708<\/td>\n<\u65e5<\/td>\n\u4e00<\/td>\n\u4e8c<\/td>\n\u4e09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u56db<\/td>\n\u4e94<\/td>\n\u4e03<\/td>\n\u516b<\/td>\n\u4e5d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5341<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Abyste pochopili, jak ps\u00e1t m\u011bs\u00edce v roce v japon\u0161tin\u011b, mus\u00edte zn\u00e1t japonsk\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla. M\u011bs\u00edce v roce se toti\u017e skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z japonsk\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel a japonsk\u00e9ho symbolu\u6708. Podle<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1571,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,60],"tags":[53,2,64,61,62],"class_list":["post-1570","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-escrever-em-japones","tag-idioma-japones","tag-meses-do-ano-em-japones","tag-numeros-em-japones","tag-numeros-kanjis","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1570","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1570"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1570\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}