{"id":1575,"date":"2009-11-03T04:37:11","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:37:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1575"},"modified":"2018-03-06T00:55:11","modified_gmt":"2018-03-06T03:55:11","slug":"jak-psat-letopocet-v-japonstine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/como-escrever-o-ano-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak ps\u00e1t letopo\u010det v japon\u0161tin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"c0799bc3a0e94be098a47dd4bca28a45\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Nau\u010dte se, jak\u00a0<strong>jak ps\u00e1t letopo\u010det v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/strong> snadno!<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Jak ps\u00e1t letopo\u010det v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>Rok se v japon\u0161tin\u011b p\u00ed\u0161e n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsoby. Obvykle se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed indoarabsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslice spolu s kand\u017ei.\u00a0<acronym title=\"nen - rok\">\u5e74<\/acronym>M\u016f\u017eete se v\u0161ak setkat i s rokem psan\u00fdm v\u00fdhradn\u011b v kand\u017ei.<\/p>\n<p>V dne\u0161n\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku pou\u017eijeme jako p\u0159\u00edklad rok 2009.<span id=\"more-112\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1pis roku v japon\u0161tin\u011b pomoc\u00ed kand\u017ei<\/h2>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm ze zp\u016fsob\u016f z\u00e1pisu letopo\u010dtu v japon\u0161tin\u011b je pou\u017eit\u00ed\u00a0<a title=\"\u010c\u00edsla v japon\u0161tin\u011b\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/cisla-v-japonstine-s-kandzi\/\">\u010d\u00edsla v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>. 2008 a 2009 by vypadaly takto:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"nisen hachi nen - 2008\">\u4e8c\u5343\u516b\u5e74<\/acronym>\u00a0- 2008<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"nisen kyuu nen - 2009\">\u4e8c\u5343\u4e5d\u5e74<\/acronym>\u00a0- 2009<\/p>\n<p>Rok 1999 by byl:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"sen kyuuhyaku kyuujuu kyu nen - 1999\">\u5343\u4e5d\u767e\u4e5d\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74<\/acronym>\u00a0- 1999<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b tohoto zp\u016fsobu z\u00e1pisu mohou Japonci ps\u00e1t letopo\u010det tak\u00e9 tak, \u017ee m\u00edsto \u010d\u00edslic zobrazuj\u00ed pouze \u010d\u00edslice <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/numeros-em-japones-de-1-ao-20\/\">zapsat \u010d\u00edslo<\/a> zcela. Sledujte:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"ichi kyuu kyuu kyuu kyuu nen - 1999\">\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u5e74<\/acronym>\u00a0&#8211; 1999<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"ni zero zero kyuu nen - 2009\">\u4e8c00\u4e5d\u5e74<\/acronym>\u00a0&#8211; 2009<\/p>\n<p>Parece ser meio estranho, mas \u00e9 comum os japoneses usarem o algarismo romano &#8220;0&#8221; para escrever os d\u00edgitos do ano em vez de usar o kanji\u00a0<acronym title=\"kr\u00e1l - nula\">\u96f6<\/acronym>Nev\u00edm, bylo by mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed to napsat.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1pis roku v japon\u0161tin\u011b pomoc\u00ed indoarabsk\u00fdch \u010d\u00edslic<\/h2>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, kter\u00fd Japonci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k z\u00e1pisu letopo\u010dtu, je z\u00e1pis pomoc\u00ed na\u0161ich indoarabsk\u00fdch \u010d\u00edslic. Zapisuj\u00ed je stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jako my, ale p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed kand\u017ei.\u00a0<acronym title=\"nen - rok\">\u5e74<\/acronym>\u00a0za \u010d\u00edslicemi. Viz p\u0159\u00edklady n\u00ed\u017ee:<\/p>\n<p>1999\u5e74 nebo 99\u5e74<\/p>\n<p>2009\u5e74 nebo 09\u5e74<\/p>\n<p>A\u010dkoli p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed stejn\u00fdmi \u010d\u00edslicemi jako my na Z\u00e1pad\u011b, \u010dten\u00ed a v\u00fdslovnost z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed stejn\u00e9.<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Psan\u00ed letopo\u010dt\u016f v japon\u0161tin\u011b podle obdob\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Na rozd\u00edl od po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed let podle narozen\u00ed Krista, jak to d\u011bl\u00e1me my na Z\u00e1pad\u011b, Japonci po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed roky podle funk\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f. Kdy\u017e tedy c\u00edsa\u0159 nastoup\u00ed na tr\u016fn, Japonci za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtat nov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed nebo \u00e9ru, a kdy\u017e c\u00edsa\u0159 tr\u016fn opust\u00ed nebo zem\u0159e, \u00e9ra tohoto c\u00edsa\u0159e kon\u010d\u00ed a za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 \u00e9ra jeho n\u00e1stupce.<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad rok 2000 po Kristu p\u0159edstavuje dvan\u00e1ct\u00fd rok \u00e9ry Heisei. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, od n\u00e1stupu c\u00edsa\u0159e Akihita na japonsk\u00fd tr\u016fn uplynulo dvan\u00e1ct let. Takto Japonci ofici\u00e1ln\u011b po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed letopo\u010dty v Japonsku.<\/p>\n<p>Dobrou zpr\u00e1vou, alespo\u0148 pro n\u00e1s, obyvatele Z\u00e1padu, je, \u017ee Japonci ve sv\u00fdch kalend\u00e1\u0159\u00edch pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 na\u0161e desetinn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslov\u00e1n\u00ed (jak je pops\u00e1no v\u00fd\u0161e). A co v\u00edc, p\u0159i po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed letopo\u010dt\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed stejn\u00fd syst\u00e9m jako my i v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b. Tak\u017ee japonsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159 je nakonec velmi podobn\u00fd na\u0161emu, i kdy\u017e ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed dokumenty nad\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed syst\u00e9m po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed podle vl\u00e1dy jednotliv\u00fdch c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee je uveden seznam epoch posledn\u00edch japonsk\u00fdch c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f:<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9ra Meid\u017ei (\u660e\u6cbb) - 1868 a\u017e 1912 - c\u00edsa\u0159 Mutsuhito<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9ra Taishou (\u5927\u6b63) - 1912 a\u017e 1926 - c\u00edsa\u0159 Yoshihito<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9ra Shouwa (\u662d\u548c) - 1926 a\u017e 1989 - c\u00edsa\u0159 Hirohito<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9ra Heisei (\u5e73\u6210)- od roku 1989 do sou\u010dasnosti - c\u00edsa\u0159 Akihito<\/p>\n<p>V t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech p\u00ed\u0161eme letopo\u010det ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed \u00e9ru a pot\u00e9 po\u010det let a pot\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1me japonsk\u00e9 rok kand\u017ei.<\/p>\n<p>\u5e73\u6210\u5341\u4e00\u5e74(1999) - Jeden\u00e1ct let \u00e9ry Hesei.<\/p>\n<p>\u5e73\u6210\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74(2009) - 20. rok \u00e9ry Heisei.<\/p>\n<h2>Cvi\u010den\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edho psan\u00ed kand\u017ei<\/h2>\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-napsat-japonska-pismena-kandzi\/\">Japonsk\u00e9 ideografick\u00e9 symboly<\/a>\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. V\u00fdb\u011br po\u017eadovan\u00fdch kand\u017ei zkop\u00edrujte a vlo\u017ete je do pole\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pracovn\u00ed list pro procvi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed kany a kand\u017ei<\/a>\u00a0otev\u0159e se nov\u00e9 okno, ve kter\u00e9m si m\u016f\u017eete prohl\u00e9dnout soubor k vytisknut\u00ed a procvi\u010dit si japonskou kaligrafii zakryt\u00edm \u0161ed\u00fdch symbol\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm pokusem o vlastn\u00ed psan\u00ed. Sta\u010d\u00ed vytisknout a procvi\u010dovat.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 100px\" border=\"0\" width=\"354\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5343<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5e74<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u767e<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u660e<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6cbb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5927<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6b63<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u662d<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u548c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5e73<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6210<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dte se nyn\u00ed snadno ps\u00e1t letopo\u010det v japon\u0161tin\u011b! Jak ps\u00e1t letopo\u010det v japon\u0161tin\u011b Existuje n\u011bkolik zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak ps\u00e1t letopo\u010det v japon\u0161tin\u011b. Obvykle se setk\u00e1te s indoarabsk\u00fdmi \u010d\u00edslicemi spole\u010dn\u011b s kand\u017ei \u5e74,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1577,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,60],"tags":[53,65,2,61,62],"class_list":["post-1575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-escrever-em-japones","tag-escrever-o-ano-em-japones","tag-idioma-japones","tag-numeros-em-japones","tag-numeros-kanjis","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1575"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1575\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1577"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1575"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1575"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}