{"id":1637,"date":"2009-11-07T12:05:47","date_gmt":"2009-11-07T14:05:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1637"},"modified":"2026-08-01T22:49:14","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T01:49:14","slug":"zakladni-japonska-gramatika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/gramatica-japonesa-fundamental\/","title":{"rendered":"Japonsk\u00e1 gramatika: z\u00e1klady pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00ed japonsk\u00e1 gramatika<\/strong> Je to jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e pochop\u00edte \u010dty\u0159i z\u00e1sady: p\u0159\u00edsudek se obvykle nach\u00e1z\u00ed na konci v\u011bty, \u010d\u00e1stice vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed funkci slov, ji\u017e zn\u00e1m\u00e9 prvky lze vynechat a podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na, p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na a slovesa se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed vlastn\u00edmi pravidly. Tento pr\u016fvodce p\u0159edstavuje obecn\u00fd p\u0159ehled pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky a uv\u00e1d\u00ed, kde se lze o jednotliv\u00fdch t\u00e9matech dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00edlem nen\u00ed nau\u010dit se nazpam\u011b\u0165 v\u0161echna pravidla najednou. Vyu\u017eijte vzory k pochopen\u00ed a tvorb\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch v\u011bt, porovn\u00e1vejte p\u0159\u00edklady a vracejte se ke konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm t\u00e9mat\u016fm, jakmile se objev\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 nejasnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak funguje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u011bta v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V portugal\u0161tin\u011b se do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry spol\u00e9h\u00e1me na po\u0159ad\u00ed slov. V japon\u0161tin\u011b pom\u00e1haj\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice nazna\u010dit vztah mezi v\u00fdrazy, zat\u00edmco <strong>predik\u00e1t se obvykle objevuje na konci<\/strong>. Proto je b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 struktura n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>t\u00e9ma + dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed informace + p\u0159\u00edsudek<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pod\u00edvejte se na jednoduchou prezentaci:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Jsem Brazilec.<\/strong><br \/><em>Jsem Burajirujin.<\/em><br \/>Jsem Brazilec\/Brazilka.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u79c1<\/strong> (watashi) znamen\u00e1 \u201cj\u00e1\u201d; <strong>\u306f<\/strong> (wa) p\u0159edstavuje dan\u00e9 t\u00e9ma; <strong>\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u4eba<\/strong> (Burajirujin) znamen\u00e1 \u201cBrazilec\/Brazilka\u201d; a <strong>\u3067\u3059<\/strong> (desu) zdvo\u0159ile uzav\u00edr\u00e1 v\u011btu. Chcete-li prozkoumat dal\u0161\u00ed struktury, pod\u00edvejte se na <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-tvorit-vety-v-japonstine\/\">jak tvo\u0159it v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Po\u0159ad\u00ed slov je voln\u00e9, ale na konci z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U japon\u0161tiny naraz\u00edte na popis \u201cpodm\u011bt\u2013p\u0159edm\u011bt\u2013sloveso\u201d. Je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed bod, ale nevysv\u011btluje v\u0161e: podm\u011bt m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vynech\u00e1n, t\u00e9ma nen\u00ed v\u017edy podm\u011btem a v\u00fdrazy ozna\u010den\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sticemi mohou m\u011bnit svou pozici v z\u00e1vislosti na kontextu. Nejbezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm praktick\u00fdm pravidlem pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky je zam\u011b\u0159it se na predik\u00e1t na konci v\u011bty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u010ctu knihy.<\/strong><br \/><em>\u010ctu si knihu.<\/em><br \/>\u010ctu knihu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V t\u00e9to v\u011bt\u011b, <strong>\u3092<\/strong> (o) zna\u010dka <strong>\u672c<\/strong> (hon, \u201ckniha\u201d) jako p\u0159edm\u011bt slovesa <strong>\u010ctu<\/strong> (yomimasu, \u201c\u010d\u00edst\u201d). Sloveso uzav\u00edr\u00e1 v\u011btu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010c\u00e1stice: mal\u00e9 stopy s d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi funkcemi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010c\u00e1stice jsou gramatick\u00e9 prvky, kter\u00e9 se umis\u0165uj\u00ed za slova nebo skupiny slov. Nemaj\u00ed pevn\u00fd p\u0159eklad: jejich funkce z\u00e1vis\u00ed na norm\u011b a kontextu. Mezi prvn\u00ed, s nimi\u017e se za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edk obvykle setk\u00e1v\u00e1, pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u010c\u00e1stice<\/th><th>Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed funkce<\/th><th>Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u306f (wa)<\/td><td>p\u0159edstavuje t\u00e9ma<\/td><td>Jsem student.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u304c (ga)<\/td><td>ozna\u010duje subjekt nebo zd\u016fraz\u0148uje ur\u010ditou informaci<\/td><td>Je tu ko\u010dka.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u3092 (o)<\/td><td>ozna\u010dte p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt<\/td><td>Napiju se vody.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u306b (ni)<\/td><td>m\u016f\u017ee ur\u010dovat c\u00edl, \u010das nebo existenci<\/td><td>Vst\u00e1v\u00e1m v sedm.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>de (de)<\/td><td>m\u016f\u017ee ozna\u010dit m\u00edsto d\u011bje nebo prost\u0159edek<\/td><td>Budu se u\u010dit doma.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00fdslovnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic se li\u0161\u00ed od b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdslovnosti kana: <strong>\u306f<\/strong> se \u010dte <em>wa<\/em> kdy\u017e funguje jako \u010d\u00e1stice, <strong>\u3078<\/strong> se \u010dte <em>e<\/em> e <strong>\u3092<\/strong> se obvykle vyslovuje <em>o<\/em>. Za\u010dn\u011bte s pr\u016fvodcem <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/zakladni-castice-v-japonstine\/\">z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a> a pak porovnejte <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/a-particula-wa\/\">\u010d\u00e1stice \u306f<\/a> s <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/kdy-pouzit-castici-ga\/\">pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice \u304c<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u011bty s podstatn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny a \u3067\u3059<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Standard <strong>N1 je N2<\/strong> p\u0159edstavuje N2 jako informaci o N1. V z\u00e1kladn\u00edch p\u0159ekladech \u3067\u3059 \u010dasto odpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u201cje\/jsou\u201d, ale nem\u011blo by b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za p\u0159esnou kopii slovesa \u201cb\u00fdt\u201d v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u5148\u751f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Tanaka-san wa sensei desu.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka je u\u010ditel.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u5148\u751f\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Tanaka-san wa sensei dewa arimasen.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka nen\u00ed u\u010ditel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 konverzaci usly\u0161\u00edte m\u00e9n\u011b form\u00e1ln\u00ed tvary. Pro za\u010d\u00e1tek si nejprve osvojte zdvo\u0159il\u00fd vzor a l\u00e9pe pochopte <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/desu-je-slovesny-tvar-byt-v-japonstine\/\">jak \u3067\u3059 funguje v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v japon\u0161tin\u011b: dv\u011b skupiny<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Japonsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na se studuj\u00ed ve dvou hlavn\u00edch skupin\u00e1ch: <strong>adjektivech \u3044<\/strong> e <strong>adjektiva \u306a<\/strong>. Rozd\u00edl ovliv\u0148uje, jak se poj\u00ed s podstatn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny a jak tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1por a minul\u00fd \u010das.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u3053\u306e\u672c\u306f\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Kono hon wa omoshiroi desu.<\/em><br \/>Tato kniha je zaj\u00edmav\u00e1.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6771\u4eac\u306f\u306b\u304e\u3084\u304b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>T\u014dky\u014d wa nigiyaka desu.<\/em><br \/>Tokio je ru\u0161n\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neusuzujte, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 slovo kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed na \u3044 automaticky pat\u0159\u00ed do prvn\u00ed skupiny. Studujte vzory a v\u00fdjimky v \u010dl\u00e1nku o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/pridavna-jmena-v-japonstine\/\">p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jm\u00e9nech \u3044 v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Slovesa: \u010das, z\u00e1por a \u00farove\u0148 zdvo\u0159ilosti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Japonsk\u00e1 slovesa se nem\u011bn\u00ed podle osoby. Stejn\u00fd tvar m\u016f\u017ee doprov\u00e1zet \u201cj\u00e1\u201d, \u201cty\u201d nebo \u201coni\u201d; kontext obvykle nazna\u010duje, kdo akci prov\u00e1d\u00ed. Hlavn\u00ed zm\u011bny vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed klad nebo z\u00e1por, minul\u00fd \u010di neminul\u00fd \u010das a stupe\u0148 zdvo\u0159ilosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Zdvo\u0159il\u00e1 forma<\/th><th>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed hodnota<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059 (tabemasu)<\/td><td>j\u00ed \/ budu j\u00edst, podle kontextu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093 (tabemasen)<\/td><td>nej\u00ed \/ nebudu j\u00edst<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u305f (tabemashita)<\/td><td>sn\u011bdl<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f (tabemasen deshita)<\/td><td>nesn\u011bdl<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Japon\u0161tina \u0159ad\u00ed slovesa do skupin, kter\u00e9 ur\u010duj\u00ed jejich transformace. Pou\u017eijte pr\u016fvodce <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/skupiny-sloves-v-japonstine\/\">skupiny sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a> p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e postoup\u00edte k del\u0161\u00edm konjugac\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vynech\u00e1n\u00ed: neopakujte to, co je z kontextu jasn\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V japon\u0161tin\u011b z\u00e1jmena, t\u00e9mata a dal\u0161\u00ed prvky \u010dasto miz\u00ed, kdy\u017e je lze z kontextu odvodit. To ne\u010din\u00ed v\u011btu pro mluv\u010d\u00edho \u201cne\u00faplnou\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Burajirujin desu.<\/em><br \/>Jsem Brazilec \/ Je Brazilec, podle kontextu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pro Brazilce je \u010dastou chybou vkl\u00e1dat <strong>\u79c1<\/strong> (watashi) do ka\u017ed\u00e9 v\u011bty, proto\u017ee portugal\u0161tina obvykle subjekt v\u00edce explicitn\u011b vyjad\u0159uje. Ne\u017e p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1te slovo od slova, zeptejte se, co u\u017e \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci konverzace v\u011bd\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ve zdvo\u0159il\u00e9m rejst\u0159\u00edku p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed <strong>\u304b<\/strong> na konec je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vzor ot\u00e1zky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u5148\u751f\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Tanaka-san wa sensei desu ka.<\/em><br \/>Je Tanaka u\u010ditel?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V neform\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u010di mohou b\u00fdt ot\u00e1zky tak\u00e9 ozna\u010deny intonac\u00ed nebo jin\u00fdmi konstrukcemi, ale to z\u00e1vis\u00ed na kontextu, vztahu mezi lidmi a form\u011b, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed. Nenahrazujte mechanicky \u304b za \u306e v jak\u00e9koli v\u011bt\u011b. Pod\u00edvejte se na vzory a t\u00e1zac\u00ed slova v <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-klast-otazky-v-japonstine\/\">jak kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Efektivn\u00ed po\u0159ad\u00ed pro studium japonsk\u00e9 gramatiky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nau\u010dte se jmenn\u00e9 v\u011bty s \u3067\u3059 a \u010d\u00e1stice \u306f, \u3082 a \u306e.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Procvi\u010dte si ukazovac\u00ed z\u00e1jmena, jednoduch\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a existenci s \u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059 a \u3044\u307e\u3059.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Studujte p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na \u3044 a \u306a v p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m, z\u00e1porn\u00e9m a minul\u00e9m \u010dase.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Nau\u010dte se slovesn\u00e9 skupiny a za\u010dn\u011bte zdvo\u0159ilou formou \u307e\u3059.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>P\u0159id\u00e1vejte \u010d\u00e1stice podle situac\u00ed: m\u00edsto, \u010das, sm\u011br, spole\u010dnost a prost\u0159edek.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Porovnejte zdvo\u0159il\u00e9 a neform\u00e1ln\u00ed tvary teprve pot\u00e9, co zvl\u00e1dnete kontext pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chcete-li tuto sekvenci prom\u011bnit v kompletn\u00ed rutinu, vra\u0165te se k <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/kurz-japones-gratis-studium-pruvodce\/\">bezplatn\u00fd kurz japon\u0161tiny<\/a>. Gramatika vynikne v\u00edce, kdy\u017e se objev\u00ed spolu se slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobou, \u010dten\u00edm, poslechem a re\u00e1ln\u00fdmi komunika\u010dn\u00edmi situacemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak cvi\u010dit bez memorov\u00e1n\u00ed izolovan\u00fdch pravidel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vyberte si vzorovou v\u011btu a m\u011b\u0148te v\u017edy jen jeden prvek.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si a poslechn\u011bte si p\u0159\u00edklad, ne\u017e vytvo\u0159\u00edte vlastn\u00ed v\u011btu.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Ozna\u010dte \u010d\u00e1stice a identifikujte p\u0159\u00edsudek.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Porovnejte klad, z\u00e1por a minul\u00fd \u010das stejn\u00e9ho vzoru.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Vytv\u00e1\u0159ejte p\u0159\u00edklady spojen\u00e9 s va\u0161\u00edm \u017eivotem, jako je n\u00e1rodnost, denn\u00ed re\u017eim a preference.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nejlep\u0161\u00edm znakem pokroku nen\u00ed od\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1zvu pravidla, ale rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed vzoru v situaci a jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed ke sd\u011blen\u00ed n\u011b\u010deho srozumiteln\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cast\u00e9 dotazy o japonsk\u00e9 gramatice<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-bad5ae5e42c10\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Je japonsk\u00e1 gramatika velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Li\u0161\u00ed se od portugalsk\u00e9 gramatiky, ale m\u00e1 pravideln\u00e9 vzorce. U\u010den\u00ed je srozumiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e se u\u010d\u00edte jednu strukturu po druh\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci v\u011bt a re\u00e1ln\u00fdch situac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-beb74ef3560d4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak\u00e9 je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slovosled ve v\u011bt\u011b v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Predik\u00e1t se obvykle objevuje na konci v\u011bty. Popis \u201epodm\u011bt\u2013p\u0159edm\u011bt\u2013sloveso\u201c je na za\u010d\u00e1tku u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd, ale d\u00edky \u010d\u00e1stic\u00edm, kontextu a vynech\u00e1n\u00edm je po\u0159ad\u00ed p\u0159ed predik\u00e1tem relativn\u011b flexibiln\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-509b6e32353ec\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi \u306f a \u304c?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, \u306f uv\u00e1d\u00ed t\u00e9ma a \u304c m\u016f\u017ee ozna\u010dit nebo zd\u016fraznit podm\u011bt. Volba z\u00e1vis\u00ed na kontextu a nelze ji zredukovat na pevn\u00fd p\u0159eklad do portugal\u0161tiny.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-2fe98217740b0\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Mus\u00edm se nau\u010dit nazpam\u011b\u0165 v\u0161echny japonsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ne. Za\u010dn\u011bte s \u010d\u00e1sticemi, kter\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed ve struktur\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te, a nau\u010dte se ka\u017edou z nich pomoc\u00ed vzorov\u00fdch v\u011bt. Roz\u0161i\u0159ujte sv\u016fj slovn\u00edk podle toho, jak se budou objevovat nov\u00e9 situace.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-8850e4870f6a0\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Objevuje se podm\u011bt v\u017edy ve japonsk\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ne. T\u00e9mata, p\u0159edm\u011bty a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrazy lze vynechat, pokud je lze z kontextu odvodit. Opakov\u00e1n\u00ed slova \u79c1 v ka\u017ed\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad obvykle p\u016fsob\u00ed zbyte\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Seznamte se se z\u00e1klady japonsk\u00e9 gramatiky: slovosled, \u010d\u00e1stice, podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na, p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na, slovesa, ot\u00e1zky a vynech\u00e1vky.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":77,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1637","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1637"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1637\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4371,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1637\/revisions\/4371"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/77"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}