{"id":1642,"date":"2009-11-03T04:26:27","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:26:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1642"},"modified":"2026-08-09T13:07:49","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:07:49","slug":"jak-klast-otazky-v-japonstine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/como-fazer-perguntas-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky v japon\u0161tin\u011b: \u304b a t\u00e1zac\u00ed z\u00e1jmena"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na <strong>kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/strong>, nemus\u00edte p\u0159evracet v\u011btu jako v portugal\u0161tin\u011b. U zdvo\u0159il\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek s odpov\u011bd\u00ed \u201cano\u201d nebo \u201cne\u201d zachovejte strukturu tvrzen\u00ed a p\u0159idejte <strong>\u304b<\/strong> na konec. Pro ot\u00e1zky \u201ckdo\u201d, \u201ckde\u201d, \u201ckdy\u201d nebo \u201cco\u201d um\u00edst\u011bte t\u00e1zac\u00ed slovo do odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed skupiny a zachovejte \u010d\u00e1stici, kter\u00e1 ozna\u010duje jeho funkci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Nihongo o benky\u014d shimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>Studujete japon\u0161tinu?<\/p><p><strong>\u4f55\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Nani o benky\u014d shimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>Co studujete?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prvn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka potvrzuje informaci. Druh\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed informaci. V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsudek na konci a <strong>\u3092<\/strong> zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 funkci p\u0159edm\u011btu. Toto je praktick\u00e9 pravidlo, kter\u00e9 organizuje zbytek t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ot\u00e1zky ano\/ne s \u304b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ve zdvo\u0159il\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di m\u016f\u017ee v\u011bta kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed na <strong>\u3067\u3059<\/strong> nebo <strong>\u307e\u3059<\/strong> se st\u00e1t ot\u00e1zkou p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm <strong>\u304b<\/strong>. Nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 m\u011bnit po\u0159ad\u00ed skupin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u672c\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Kore wa hon desu.<\/em><br \/>Toto je kniha.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u672c\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Kore wa hon desu ka.<\/em><br \/>Je toto kniha?<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u6765\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Tanaka-san wa kimasu.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka p\u0159ijde.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u6765\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Tanaka-san wa kimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>P\u0159ijde Tanaka?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Materi\u00e1l <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/Grammar_all.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori, od Japan Foundation<\/a>, p\u0159edstavuje tento vzor v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch jako <strong>\uff5e\u306f\u3001\u3069\u3053\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/strong> e <strong>\uff5e\u306f\u3001\u3069\u3053\u306b\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/strong>. Ve v\u00fdslovnosti pom\u00e1h\u00e1 intonace partnerovi, ale gramatick\u00e1 forma je ji\u017e ozna\u010dena <strong>\u304b<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed t\u00e1zac\u00ed slova<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Otev\u0159en\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka obsahuje slovo, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuje nezn\u00e1mou informaci. Nemus\u00ed se objevit na za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u011bty: zauj\u00edm\u00e1 m\u00edsto, kde by tato informace d\u00e1vala smysl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Japonsk\u00fd<\/th><th>\u010cten\u00ed<\/th><th>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/th><th>Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td>\u4f55<\/td><td><em>nani \/ nan<\/em><\/td><td>co; kter\u00fd<\/td><td>\u4f55\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002 \u2014 Co budete j\u00edst?<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u8ab0<\/td><td><em>dare<\/em><\/td><td>kdo<\/td><td>\u8ab0\u304c\u6765\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002 \u2014 Kdo p\u0159ijde?<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3069\u3053<\/td><td><em>doko<\/em><\/td><td>kde<\/td><td>\u3069\u3053\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002 \u2014 Kde studujete?<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3044\u3064<\/td><td><em>itsu<\/em><\/td><td>kdy<\/td><td>\u3044\u3064\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002 \u2014 Kdy p\u016fjdete?<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3069\u3046<\/td><td><em>d\u014d<\/em><\/td><td>jak; jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem<\/td><td>\u3069\u3046\u3084\u3063\u3066\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002 \u2014 Jak p\u016fjdete?<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Pro\u010d<\/td><td><em>d\u014dshite<\/em><\/td><td>pro\u010d<\/td><td>\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002 \u2014 Pro\u010d studujete?<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>kter\u00fd<\/td><td><em>dore<\/em><\/td><td>kter\u00e1 z mo\u017enost\u00ed<\/td><td>\u3069\u308c\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002 \u2014 Kterou m\u00e1te r\u00e1d(a)?<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3044\u304f\u3089<\/td><td><em>ikura<\/em><\/td><td>kolik to stoj\u00ed<\/td><td>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3044\u304f\u3089\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002 \u2014 Kolik to stoj\u00ed?<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4f55<\/strong> lze \u010d\u00edst jako <em>nani<\/em> nebo <em>nan<\/em> podle v\u00fdrazu. Pro prohlouben\u00ed t\u00e9to v\u00fdslovnosti bez odch\u00fdlen\u00ed se od obecn\u00e9ho t\u00e9matu se pod\u00edvejte na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/kdy-uzit-nan-nebo-nani\/\">kdy pou\u017e\u00edt nan nebo nani<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010c\u00e1stice pokra\u010duje za t\u00e1zac\u00edm slovem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nesta\u010d\u00ed \u201cvym\u011bnit objekt\u201d za libovoln\u00e9 t\u00e1zac\u00ed slovo. Nejprve zjist\u011bte, kter\u00e1 informace chyb\u00ed; pot\u00e9 vyberte \u010d\u00e1stici, kter\u00e1 ozna\u010duje vztah t\u00e9to skupiny k predik\u00e1tu. Pr\u016fvodce o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/zakladni-castice-v-japonstine\/\">\u010d\u00e1stice v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a> pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zopakovat tyto funkce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f55\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Nani o yomimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>Co budete \u010d\u00edst? \u2014 <strong>\u3092<\/strong> ozna\u010duje objekt slovesa \u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3059.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8ab0\u304c\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Dare ga kimashita ka.<\/em><br \/>Kdo p\u0159i\u0161el? \u2014 <strong>\u304c<\/strong> ozna\u010duje, kdo provedl akci.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3069\u3053\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Doko ni ikimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>Kam jdete? \u2014 <strong>\u306b<\/strong> ozna\u010duje c\u00edl.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kde se u\u010d\u00edte japon\u0161tinu?<\/strong><br \/><em>Doko de nihongo o benky\u014d shimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>Kde studujete japon\u0161tinu? \u2014 <strong>\u3067<\/strong> ozna\u010duje m\u00edsto \u010dinnosti.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8ab0\u3068\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Dare to hanashimashita ka.<\/em><br \/>S k\u00fdm jsi mluvil\/a? \u2014 <strong>\u3068<\/strong> ozna\u010duje spole\u010dnost.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Slova jako <strong>\u3044\u3064<\/strong> e <strong>Pro\u010d<\/strong> \u010dasto funguj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslove\u010dn\u011b, bez \u010d\u00e1stice hned za nimi: <strong>\u3044\u3064\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/strong> (\u201cKdy pojede\u0161 do Japonska?\u201d) a <strong>\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/strong> (\u201cPro\u010d studuje\u0161 japon\u0161tinu?\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Form\u00e1ln\u00ed a neform\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vzor s <strong>\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/strong> nebo <strong>\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/strong> je bezpe\u010dn\u00fd ve zdvo\u0159il\u00fdch situac\u00edch. V neform\u00e1ln\u00edch rozhovorech je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat jednoduch\u00fd tvar s t\u00e1zac\u00ed intonac\u00ed a v p\u00edsmu otazn\u00edk:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zdvo\u0159ile: <strong>\u660e\u65e5\u3001\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Ashita, ikimasu ka.<\/em> \u2014 P\u016fjde\u0161 z\u00edtra?<\/li>\n<li>Neform\u00e1ln\u011b: <strong>\u660e\u65e5\u3001\u884c\u304f\uff1f<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Ashita, iku?<\/em> \u2014 P\u016fjde\u0161 z\u00edtra?<\/li>\n<li>Zdvo\u0159ile: <strong>\u4f55\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Nani o tabemasu ka.<\/em> \u2014 Co bude\u0161 j\u00edst?<\/li>\n<li>Neform\u00e1ln\u011b: <strong>\u4f55\u98df\u3079\u308b\uff1f<\/strong> \u2014 <em>Nani taberu?<\/em> \u2014 Co bude\u0161 j\u00edst?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nep\u0159id\u00e1vejte <strong>\u304b<\/strong> mechanicky ke ka\u017ed\u00e9 neform\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zce. Tvary jako <strong>\u884c\u304f\u304b<\/strong> existuj\u00ed, ale mohou zn\u00edt mu\u017esky, stroze, \u0159e\u010dnicky nebo z\u00e1viset na kontextu. Pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky je lep\u0161\u00ed nejprve zvl\u00e1dnout opozici mezi <strong>\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/strong> e <strong>\u884c\u304f\uff1f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co se m\u011bn\u00ed u \uff5e\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Koncovka <strong>\uff5e\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/strong> nen\u00ed jen dlouh\u00e1 verze <strong>\uff5e\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/strong>. Obvykle \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o vysv\u011btlen\u00ed nebo potvrzen\u00ed n\u011b\u010deho, co mluv\u010d\u00ed vztahuje k situaci. Srovnejte:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Nihon e ikimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>Jede\u0161 do Japonska? \u2014 neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zka na skute\u010dnost.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>D\u014dshite Nihon e iku n desu ka.<\/em><br \/>Pro\u010d jede\u0161 do Japonska? \u2014 \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o d\u016fvod spojen\u00fd s kontextem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O <a href=\"https:\/\/kotoba.ninjal.ac.jp\/qa\/yokuaru\/qa-74\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NINJAL vysv\u011btluje kontextovou roli \u306e\u3060\uff0f\u3093\u3067\u3059<\/a>: mluv\u010d\u00ed signalizuje, \u017ee m\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st informace, a \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1, aby partner doplnil to, co je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9. V z\u00e1vislosti na situaci a t\u00f3nu m\u016f\u017ee stejn\u00e1 forma tak\u00e9 p\u016fsobit dot\u011brn\u011b; proto by se nem\u011bla pou\u017e\u00edvat automaticky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak odpov\u011bd\u011bt p\u0159irozen\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U ot\u00e1zek ano\/ne, <strong>\u306f\u3044<\/strong> e <strong>\u3044\u3044\u3048<\/strong> mohou zah\u00e1jit odpov\u011b\u010f, ale p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsudku zabra\u0148uje nejednozna\u010dnosti. U otev\u0159en\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek odpov\u011bzte po\u017eadovanou informac\u00ed. To, co je ji\u017e jasn\u00e9, lze vynechat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>A: \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Nihongo o benky\u014d shimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>Studujete japon\u0161tinu?<\/p><p><strong>B: \u306f\u3044\u3001\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Hai, benky\u014d shimasu.<\/em><br \/>Ano, studuji.<\/p><p><strong>A: \u3069\u3053\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Doko de benky\u014d shimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>Kde studuje\u0161?<\/p><p><strong>B: \u5bb6\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Ie de benky\u014d shimasu.<\/em><br \/>Studuji doma.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch s <strong>Pro\u010d<\/strong>, odpov\u011b\u010f s <strong>\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059<\/strong> uv\u00e1d\u00ed d\u016fvod: <strong>\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u6620\u753b\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059<\/strong> (\u201cProto\u017ee m\u00e1m r\u00e1d japonsk\u00e9 filmy\u201d). <strong>\u304b\u3089<\/strong> je b\u011b\u017en\u00fd prost\u0159edek, ne jedin\u00fd mo\u017en\u00fd zp\u016fsob vysv\u011btlen\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cast\u00e9 chyby p\u0159i formulov\u00e1n\u00ed ot\u00e1zek<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Obr\u00e1tit slovosled jako v portugal\u0161tin\u011b.<\/strong> V japon\u0161tin\u011b ponechte p\u0159\u00edsudek na konci. Zkontrolujte <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/japonske-poradi-slov\/\">slovosledu v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a> pokud st\u00e1le m\u00e1te pochybnosti.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Odstranit pot\u0159ebnou \u010d\u00e1stici.<\/strong> Na adrese <strong>\u4f55\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/strong>, \u4f55 p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159edm\u011bt, ale <strong>\u3092<\/strong> st\u00e1le ozna\u010duje jeho funkci.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tratar \u3044\u3064, \u8ab0 e \u3069\u3053 jako objekty.<\/strong> Ka\u017ed\u00e9 slovo m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edstavovat \u010das, osobu nebo m\u00edsto a vztahuje se k predik\u00e1tu r\u016fzn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pou\u017e\u00edvat \u304b v ka\u017ed\u00e9 neform\u00e1ln\u00ed konverzaci.<\/strong> Neform\u00e1ln\u00ed registr obvykle pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jednoduch\u00fd tvar a intonaci.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zam\u011b\u0148ovat \u3069\u3053\u306b a \u3069\u3053\u3067.<\/strong> Pou\u017eijte <strong>\u306b<\/strong> pro c\u00edl nebo m\u00edsto existence a <strong>\u3067<\/strong> pro m\u00edsto, kde se d\u011bj odehr\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Opakovat celou ot\u00e1zku v odpov\u011bdi.<\/strong> Pokud je t\u00e9ma ji\u017e jasn\u00e9, odpov\u011bzte pouze novou informac\u00ed a pot\u0159ebn\u00fdm predik\u00e1tem.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cvi\u010den\u00ed: dopl\u0148te ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vyberte spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 t\u00e1zac\u00ed slovo nebo \u010d\u00e1stici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uff08\u3000\uff09\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002 \u2014 Kde studujete japon\u0161tinu?<\/li>\n<li>\u8ab0\uff08\u3000\uff09\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002 \u2014 Kdo p\u0159i\u0161el?<\/li>\n<li>\u4f55\uff08\u3000\uff09\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002 \u2014 Co budete j\u00edst?<\/li>\n<li>\uff08\u3000\uff09\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002 \u2014 Kdy pojedete do Japonska?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Odpov\u011bdi:<\/strong> 1. <strong>\u3069\u3053\u3067<\/strong>; 2. <strong>\u304c<\/strong>; 3. <strong>\u3092<\/strong>; 4. <strong>\u3044\u3064<\/strong>. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b si v\u0161imn\u011bte, zda mezera vy\u017eaduje nezn\u00e1mou informaci, gramatick\u00fd vztah nebo oboj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chcete-li pokra\u010dovat se situacemi \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed a v\u00fdb\u011bru, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/resources\/Grammar_Worksheets_X.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gramatick\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed Irodori<\/a> p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed ot\u00e1zky jako <strong>\u4f55\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/strong> a kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 dialogy pro ka\u017edodenn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed krok: p\u0159em\u011b\u0148te tvrzen\u00ed na ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Za\u010dn\u011bte kr\u00e1tkou v\u011btou z metody <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-tvorit-vety-v-japonstine\/\">tvorby japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt<\/a>. Nejprve polo\u017ete ot\u00e1zku ano\/ne s <strong>\u304b<\/strong>; pot\u00e9 nahra\u010fte pouze jednu informaci za <strong>\u4f55, \u8ab0, \u3069\u3053<\/strong> nebo <strong>\u3044\u3064<\/strong> a zachovejte vhodnou \u010d\u00e1stici. Tento kontrast pom\u00e1h\u00e1 nau\u010dit se strukturu bez memorov\u00e1n\u00ed izolovan\u00fdch seznam\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cast\u00e9 dotazy k ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-5b35e10008d55\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Je povinn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat \u304b v ka\u017ed\u00e9 japonsk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ne. V zdvo\u0159il\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch jsou \u3067\u3059\u304b a \u307e\u3059\u304b bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 vzory. V neform\u00e1ln\u00ed konverzaci je b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 prost\u00e1 forma s t\u00e1zac\u00ed intonac\u00ed, jako \u884c\u304f\uff1f. P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed \u304b k neform\u00e1ln\u00ed form\u011b m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat r\u016fzn\u00e9 stylov\u00e9 efekty a nem\u011blo by se d\u011blat mechanicky.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-de02fa533c7a8\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Pot\u0159ebuje japon\u0161tina otazn\u00edk?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ne v\u017edy. Ve form\u00e1ln\u00edm psan\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee \u010d\u00e1stice \u304b a kontext u\u010dinit ot\u00e1zku jasnou i s japonskou te\u010dkou \u3002. Znak \uff1f je \u010dast\u00fd ve zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch, dialoz\u00edch a neform\u00e1ln\u00edch textech, zejm\u00e9na kdy\u017e ot\u00e1zka z\u00e1vis\u00ed na intonaci.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-945f0bb9c48e5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi \u3069\u3053\u306b a \u3069\u3053\u3067?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3069\u3053\u306b se obvykle pt\u00e1 na c\u00edl nebo m\u00edsto existence, jako \u3069\u3053\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b a \u3069\u3053\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304b. \u3069\u3053\u3067 se pt\u00e1 na m\u00edsto, kde se d\u011bj odehr\u00e1v\u00e1, jako \u3069\u3053\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-11006a8a631a9\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Kdy se \u4f55 \u010dte jako nan nebo nani?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u010cten\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na v\u00fdrazu a n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm zvuku. V \u4f55\u3092 se \u010dten\u00ed obvykle pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nani; v \u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nan. Proto\u017ee existuj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 vzory, konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek o nan a nani je nejlep\u0161\u00edm m\u00edstem pro studium tohoto rozd\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6a660fce9d54a\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak se zeptat \u201cpro\u010d\u201d v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066 \u00e9 uma op\u00e7\u00e3o comum para iniciantes: \u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b znamen\u00e1 \u201cPro\u010d studujete japon\u0161tinu?\u201d. D\u016fvod m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uveden pomoc\u00ed \u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059, ale v z\u00e1vislosti na kontextu a registru jsou mo\u017en\u00e9 i jin\u00e9 konstrukce.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dte se kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky v japon\u0161tin\u011b pomoc\u00ed \u304b, \u3067\u3059\u304b, \u307e\u3059\u304b a slov jako \u4f55, \u8ab0, \u3069\u3053 a \u3044\u3064, ve form\u00e1ln\u00edm i neform\u00e1ln\u00edm rejst\u0159\u00edku.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1645,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,60],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1642","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1642","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1642"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1642\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4401,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1642\/revisions\/4401"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1645"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1642"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1642"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1642"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}