{"id":1648,"date":"2009-11-03T04:28:06","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:28:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1648"},"modified":"2026-08-10T20:53:34","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T23:53:34","slug":"kdy-uzit-nan-nebo-nani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/quando-usar-nan-ou-nani\/","title":{"rendered":"Nani a nan v japon\u0161tin\u011b: v\u00fdznam a kdy je pou\u017e\u00edt"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kanji \u4f55<\/strong> znamen\u00e1 \u201cco\u201d a m\u00e1 dva velmi \u010dast\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby \u010dten\u00ed: \u306a\u306b (nani)<\/strong> e \u306a\u3093 (nan)<\/strong>. Obecn\u011b pou\u017eijte nani<\/strong> kdy\u017e \u4f55 funguje jako t\u00e1zac\u00ed z\u00e1jmeno p\u0159ed \u010d\u00e1sticemi jako \u3092, \u304c a \u306b; pou\u017eijte nan<\/strong> p\u0159ed \u3067\u3059, \u306e a p\u0159ed mnoha po\u010d\u00edtadly nebo jednotkami, jako \u6642, \u4eba, \u6b73 a \u679a.<\/p>\n\n

Volba nez\u00e1vis\u00ed na form\u00e1lnosti. Z\u00e1vis\u00ed na struktu\u0159e, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1sleduje po \u4f55, a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech na ji\u017e zaveden\u00e9 kombinaci. Nau\u010dit se nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzory je u\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sna\u017eit se p\u0159elo\u017eit ka\u017ed\u00fd znak izolovan\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Co znamenaj\u00ed nani a nan v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h2>\n\n

Nani<\/strong> e nan<\/strong> nejsou dv\u011b slova s opa\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdznamem. Jsou to zp\u016fsoby \u010dten\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho kand\u017ei, \u4f55<\/strong>, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho k dotazu \u201cco\u201d, \u201cjak\u00fd\u201d nebo \u201ckolik\u201d, v z\u00e1vislosti na konstrukci.<\/p>\n\n

\u00davodn\u00ed materi\u00e1l Irodori od Japan Foundation explicitn\u011b p\u0159edstavuje oba zp\u016fsoby \u010dten\u00ed \u4f55<\/a>: \u306a\u3093<\/strong> s \u3067\u3059\u304b a v kombinac\u00edch jako \u4f55\u6b73 a \u4f55\u6642; \u306a\u306b<\/strong> s \u010d\u00e1sticemi v p\u0159\u00edkladech jako \u4f55\u3092 a \u4f55\u304c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Pou\u017e\u00edvejte hlavn\u011b<\/th>Vzor<\/th>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u306a\u306b (nani)<\/strong><\/td>\u4f55 + \u010d\u00e1stice, jako \u3092, \u304c, \u306b, \u3082 a \u304b<\/td>\u4f55\u3092\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u306a\u3093 (nan)<\/strong><\/td>\u4f55 + \u3067\u3059\uff0f\u3060<\/td>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u306a\u3093 (nan)<\/strong><\/td>\u4f55 + po\u010d\u00edtadlo, jednotka nebo pevn\u00e1 kombinace<\/td>\u4f55\u6642\u3001\u4f55\u4eba\u3001\u4f55\u6b73<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u306a\u3093 (nan)<\/strong><\/td>\u4f55 + \u306e<\/td>\u4f55\u306e\u672c\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

Tato tabulka je praktick\u00fdm pravidlem pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky. Existuj\u00ed kombinace, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba se nau\u010dit jako celek, a \u4f55\u3067<\/strong> si zaslou\u017e\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost, proto\u017ee \u010dten\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit interpretaci.<\/p>\n\n

Kdy pou\u017e\u00edt nani (\u306a\u306b)<\/h2>\n\n

Pou\u017eijte \u306a\u306b<\/strong> kdy\u017e se \u4f55 objevuje jako t\u00e1zac\u00ed z\u00e1jmeno p\u0159ed \u010d\u00e1sticemi, kter\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00ed jeho funkci ve v\u011bt\u011b. To se \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ed \u3092<\/strong>, \u304c<\/strong>, \u306b<\/strong> e \u3082<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

\u4f55\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u306a\u306b\u3092 \u306e\u307f\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nNani o nomimasu ka?<\/em>
\nCo budete p\u00edt?<\/p>\n\n

\u4f55\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u306a\u306b\u304c \u3072\u3064\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nNani ga hitsuy\u014d desu ka?<\/em>
\nCo je pot\u0159eba?<\/p>\n\n

\u4f55\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u306a\u306b\u306b \u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nNani ni shimasu ka?<\/em>
\nKterou si vyberete?<\/p>\n\n

Stejn\u00fd vzor se objevuje v \u4f55\u304b<\/strong> (nanika<\/em>, \u201cn\u011bco\u201d nebo \u201cn\u011bjak\u00e1 v\u011bc\u201d) a \u4f55\u3082<\/strong> (nanimo<\/em>). V z\u00e1porn\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch, \u4f55\u3082<\/strong> costuma significar \u201cnada\u201d: \u4f55\u3082\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/strong> (Nanimo tabemasen<\/em>, \u201cN\u00e3o como nada\u201d). A Japan Foundation registra \u4f55\u304b como \u306a\u306b\u304b e \u4f55\u306b como \u306a\u306b\u306b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Para entender como essas palavras entram em uma pergunta completa, consulte o guia de ot\u00e1zky v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a> e a vis\u00e3o geral das Japonsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Quando usar nan (\u306a\u3093)<\/h2>\n\n

Pou\u017eijte \u306a\u3093<\/strong> antes de \u3067\u3059<\/strong> e \u3060<\/strong>. Nesse ambiente, a forma curta torna a pron\u00fancia natural:<\/p>\n\n

\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u3053\u308c\u306f \u306a\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nKore wa nan desu ka?<\/em>
\nCo je to?<\/p>\n\n

\u3042\u308c\u306f\u4f55\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff1f<\/strong>
\n\u3042\u308c\u306f \u306a\u3093\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff1f
\nAre wa nan datta?<\/em>
\nO que era aquilo?<\/p>\n\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek o \u3067\u3059 v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a> explica a diferen\u00e7a de registro entre \u3067\u3059 e \u3060 e suas formas flexionadas.<\/p>\n\n

Nan<\/strong> tamb\u00e9m aparece em v\u00e1rias combina\u00e7\u00f5es com contadores, tempo e quantidade:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Tvar<\/th>\u010cten\u00ed<\/th>V\u00fdznam<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u4f55\u6642<\/td>\u306a\u3093\u3058 \u2014 nanji<\/em><\/td>que horas<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u4f55\u4eba<\/td>\u306a\u3093\u306b\u3093 \u2014 nannin<\/em><\/td>quantas pessoas<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u4f55\u6b73<\/td>\u306a\u3093\u3055\u3044 \u2014 nansai<\/em><\/td>quantos anos de idade<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u4f55\u679a<\/td>\u306a\u3093\u307e\u3044 \u2014 nanmai<\/em><\/td>quantos objetos planos<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u4f55\u66dc\u65e5<\/td>\u306a\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3073 \u2014 nan-y\u014dbi<\/em><\/td>qual dia da semana<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

N\u00e3o basta ver um substantivo depois de \u4f55 e escolher nan automaticamente. Aprenda cada combina\u00e7\u00e3o frequente com sua leitura. O guia de kanji japon\u00eas<\/a> mostra como estudar leituras dentro de palavras e contextos, em vez de decorar valores isolados.<\/p>\n\n

Por que \u4f55\u306e se l\u00ea nanno?<\/h2>\n\n

A combina\u00e7\u00e3o \u4f55\u306e<\/strong> se \u010dte \u306a\u3093\u306e (nanno)<\/strong> e pergunta \u201cque\u201d, \u201cqual\u201d ou \u201cde qu\u00ea\u201d diante de um substantivo:<\/p>\n\n

\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4f55\u306e\u672c\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u3053\u308c\u306f \u306a\u3093\u306e \u307b\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nKore wa nanno hon desu ka?<\/em>
\nQue livro \u00e9 este?<\/p>\n\n

\u4f55\u306e\u304a\u795d\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u306a\u3093\u306e \u304a\u3044\u308f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nNanno oiwai desu ka?<\/em>
\nQual \u00e9 a ocasi\u00e3o da comemora\u00e7\u00e3o?<\/p>\n\n

O segundo exemplo e sua leitura aparecem no Irodori em uma atividade sobre comemora\u00e7\u00f5es<\/a>. Ele mostra por que \u201cpart\u00edcula depois de \u4f55\u201d \u00e9 apenas uma orienta\u00e7\u00e3o inicial: \u306e<\/strong> forma uma combina\u00e7\u00e3o consagrada com \u306a\u3093<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

\u4f55\u3067: nanide ou nande?<\/h2>\n\n

Kdy\u017e \u3067<\/strong> marca instrumento, meio ou transporte, a leitura ensinada de forma clara para iniciantes \u00e9 \u306a\u306b\u3067 (nanide)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n

\u5b66\u6821\u307e\u3067\u4f55\u3067\u6765\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u304c\u3063\u3053\u3046\u307e\u3067 \u306a\u306b\u3067 \u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nGakk\u014d made nanide kimasu ka?<\/em>
\nComo voc\u00ea vem at\u00e9 a escola? \/ Por qual meio voc\u00ea vem?<\/p>\n\n

Esse uso \u00e9 confirmado pelo Irodori ao explicar perguntas sobre meio e transporte<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Na fala cotidiana, \u306a\u3093\u3067 (nande)<\/strong> \u00e9 muito usado com o sentido de \u201cpor qu\u00ea\u201d. Como a escrita pode ser id\u00eantica, o contexto e a pron\u00fancia resolvem a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o. Para evitar ambiguidade ao perguntar a raz\u00e3o, iniciantes tamb\u00e9m podem usar \u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066 (d\u014dshite)<\/strong> nebo \u306a\u305c (naze)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

Por isso, a frase antiga \u3053\u306e\u30b1\u30fc\u30ad\u3092\u4f55\u3067\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b<\/strong>, com leitura \u306a\u306b\u3067<\/strong>, n\u00e3o pergunta \u201cqual bolo\u201d. Ela pergunta \u201cCom o que vamos comer este bolo?\u201d<\/strong>, por exemplo, com garfo ou colher.<\/p>\n\n

Erros comuns ao escolher nan ou nani<\/h2>\n\n