{"id":1656,"date":"2009-11-03T04:39:47","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:39:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1656"},"modified":"2018-03-08T20:09:54","modified_gmt":"2018-03-08T23:09:54","slug":"osobni-zajmena-v-japonstine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/pronomes-pessoais-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jmena v japon\u0161tin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"c0799bc3a0e94be098a47dd4bca28a45\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o\u00a0<strong>osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jmena v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Za prv\u00e9, Japonci miluj\u00ed hierarchii a kladou na ni velk\u00fd d\u016fraz. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/\">Japonsk\u00fd jazyk<\/a> m\u00e1 mnoho slov stejn\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ve zcela odli\u0161n\u00fdch situac\u00edch. V z\u00e1vislosti na zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, spole\u010densk\u00e9m postaven\u00ed, stupni p\u0159\u00edbuznosti nebo p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed je tedy b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat ur\u010dit\u00e1 slova, kter\u00e1 se v jin\u00fdch situac\u00edch pou\u017e\u00edvat nemus\u00ed.<span id=\"more-427\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se cht\u011bj\u00ed nau\u010dit japonsky, jsou rozd\u00edly v \u0159e\u010di a slovech pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch mu\u017ei a \u017eenami. P\u0159i studiu japon\u0161tiny naraz\u00edte na v\u00fdrazy, v\u00fdslovnost a konstrukce, kter\u00e9 by mu\u017e nikdy nem\u011bl pou\u017e\u00edvat, aby se vyhnul choulostiv\u00fdm a d\u00edv\u010d\u00edm rys\u016fm, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00edch z\u00e1jmen.<\/p>\n<h2>Osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jmena v japon\u0161tin\u011b - prvn\u00ed osoba jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla<\/h2>\n<p>To byl m\u016fj prvn\u00ed \u0161ok, kdy\u017e jsem se za\u010dal u\u010dit japonsky. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b jazyk\u016f existuje pouze jedno slovo pro prvn\u00ed osobu osobn\u00edho z\u00e1jmena. V japon\u0161tin\u011b jich je n\u011bkolik. Nav\u00edc je dobr\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee se li\u0161\u00ed podle form\u00e1ln\u00ed str\u00e1nky a pohlav\u00ed osob. Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat, jak to je?<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watakushi - j\u00e1\">\u308f\u305f\u304f\u3057<\/acronym>\u00a0- EU<\/p>\n<p>Nedok\u00e1\u017eu \u0159\u00edct, jestli toto japonsk\u00e9 osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jmeno pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed mu\u017ei nebo \u017eeny. Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee ob\u011bma. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v\u0161ak ve velmi form\u00e1ln\u00edch situac\u00edch. Mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo\u00a0<acronym title=\"watakushi - j\u00e1\">\u308f\u305f\u304f\u3057<\/acronym>\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt bu\u010f\u00a0<acronym title=\"watakushidomo - my\">\u308f\u305f\u304f\u3057\u3069\u3082<\/acronym>(n\u00e1s) jako\u00a0<acronym title=\"watakushitachi - USA\">\u308f\u305f\u304f\u3057\u305f\u3061<\/acronym>(n\u00e1s).<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi - j\u00e1\">\u79c1<\/acronym>- EU<\/p>\n<p>Je o n\u011bco m\u00e9n\u011b form\u00e1ln\u00ed ne\u017e\u00a0<acronym title=\"watakushi - j\u00e1\">\u308f\u305f\u304f\u3057<\/acronym>. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku,\u00a0<acronym title=\"watashi - j\u00e1\">\u79c1<\/acronym>nosili mu\u017ei i \u017eeny, ale dnes je pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jen \u017eeny. Mu\u017ei mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat\u00a0<acronym title=\"watashi - j\u00e1\">\u79c1<\/acronym>\u00a0v p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed form\u00e1lnosti, ale vid\u011bl jsem, \u017ee u\u010ditel\u00e9 zmi\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee nevyb\u00edrav\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"watashi - j\u00e1\">\u79c1<\/acronym>\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159et pro mu\u017ee p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hol\u010di\u010d\u00ed charakteristiku. Nezapome\u0148te, \u017ee\u00a0<acronym title=\"watashi - j\u00e1\">\u79c1<\/acronym>\u00a0se m\u016f\u017ee objevit tak\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/hiragana-tabela-complete\/\">ps\u00e1no pouze v hiragan\u011b<\/a>jako\u00a0<acronym title=\"watashi - j\u00e1\">\u308f\u305f\u3057<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p>Mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo slova\u00a0<acronym title=\"watashi - j\u00e1\">\u79c1<\/acronym>\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt\u00a0<acronym title=\"watashitachi - USA\">\u79c1\u305f\u3061<\/acronym>(n\u00e1s) nebo\u00a0<acronym title=\"areare - my\">\u308f\u308c\u308f\u308c<\/acronym>(n\u00e1s). P\u0159esto se p\u0159izn\u00e1m, \u017ee jsem nikdy nevid\u011bl nikoho, kdo by pou\u017e\u00edval\u00a0<acronym title=\"areare - my\">\u308f\u308c\u308f\u308c<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"boku - j\u00e1\">\u50d5<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"atashi - j\u00e1\">\u3042\u305f\u3057<\/acronym>\u00a0- I<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o dv\u011b neform\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1jmena.\u00a0<acronym title=\"boku - j\u00e1\">\u50d5<\/acronym>\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed mu\u017ei a\u00a0<acronym title=\"atashi - j\u00e1\">\u3042\u305f\u3057<\/acronym>\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u017eeny. Jeho mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo je\u00a0<acronym title=\"bokutachi - USA\">\u50d5\u305f\u3061<\/acronym>(n\u00e1s),\u00a0<acronym title=\"bokura - USA\">\u50d5\u3089<\/acronym>(n\u00e1s),\u00a0<acronym title=\"atashitachi - USA\">\u3042\u305f\u3057\u305f\u3061<\/acronym>(my) a\u00a0<acronym title=\"atashira - USA\">\u3042\u305f\u3057\u3089<\/acronym>(n\u00e1s). Obvykle\u00a0<acronym title=\"boku - j\u00e1\">\u50d5<\/acronym>\u00a0se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v rozhovorech se spolu\u017e\u00e1ky nebo spolu\u017ea\u010dkami, zat\u00edmco \u017eeny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"atashi - j\u00e1\">\u3042\u305f\u3057<\/acronym>\u00a0kdy\u017e mluv\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edtelem nebo s lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou jim velmi bl\u00edzc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"ruda - j\u00e1\">\u4ffa<\/acronym>- I<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"ruda - j\u00e1\">\u4ffa<\/acronym>\u00a0je z\u00e1jmeno pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v\u00fdhradn\u011b mu\u017ei. Stejn\u011b jako\u00a0<acronym title=\"boku - j\u00e1\">\u50d5<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"ruda - j\u00e1\">\u4ffa<\/acronym>\u00a0se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v rozhovorech s p\u0159\u00e1teli, a\u0165 u\u017e ve \u0161kole nebo na vysok\u00e9 \u0161kole, je v\u0161ak mnohem neform\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e slovo \"p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9\".\u00a0<acronym title=\"boku - j\u00e1\">\u50d5<\/acronym>. Jejich mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo je\u00a0<acronym title=\"oretachi - USA\">\u4ffa\u305f\u3061<\/acronym>(my) a\u00a0<acronym title=\"orera - USA\">\u4ffa\u3089<\/acronym>(n\u00e1s).<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i rozhovorech s p\u0159\u00e1teli m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt\u00a0<acronym title=\"ruda - j\u00e1\">\u4ffa<\/acronym>ale kdy\u017e mluv\u00edte s otcem kamar\u00e1da, u\u010ditelem nebo n\u011bk\u00fdm na d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a uctiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni, je lep\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt slovo\u00a0<acronym title=\"boku - j\u00e1\">\u50d5<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Viz tak\u00e9:<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/metoda-fanouskovskeho-umeni\/\">Nakreslete sv\u00e9 obl\u00edben\u00e9 anime postavy!<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/numeros-em-japones-de-1-ao-20\/\">\u010c\u00edsla v japon\u0161tin\u011b od 1 do 20<\/a><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jmena v japon\u0161tin\u011b - druh\u00e1 osoba jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla<\/h2>\n<p><acronym title=\"anata - vy\">\u3042\u306a\u305f<\/acronym>\u00a0- Vy<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o form\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob osloven\u00ed \"ty\". Mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo slova\u00a0<acronym title=\"anata - vy\">\u3042\u306a\u305f<\/acronym>\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt bu\u010f\u00a0<acronym title=\"anatagata - vy\">\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u305f<\/acronym>(vy) kolik\u00a0<acronym title=\"anatatachi - vy\">\u3042\u306a\u306a\u305f\u305f\u3061<\/acronym>(vy). Nicm\u00e9n\u011b,\u00a0<acronym title=\"anatatachi - vy\">\u3042\u306a\u306a\u305f\u305f\u3061<\/acronym>\u00a0je nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v\u00fdraz.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kimi - Vy\">\u541b<\/acronym>- Vy<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kimi - Vy\">\u541b<\/acronym>je neform\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdraz ne\u017e\u00a0<acronym title=\"anata - vy\">\u3042\u306a\u305f<\/acronym>\u00a0a jeho mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt bu\u010f\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimitachi - vy\">\u541b\u305f\u3061<\/acronym>(vy) kolik\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimira - vy\">\u541b\u3089<\/acronym>(vy).<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"omae - vy\">\u304a\u524d<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"tap\u00edr - vy\">\u3042\u3093\u305f<\/acronym>\u00a0- Vy<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e jsem poprv\u00e9 usly\u0161el slovo\u00a0<acronym title=\"tap\u00edr - vy\">\u3042\u3093\u305f<\/acronym>byl v anime Full Metal Panic. Pak jsem to prozkoumala a zjistila jsem, \u017ee toto z\u00e1jmeno pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u017eeny, kdy\u017e mluv\u00ed mezi p\u0159\u00e1teli. Ji\u017e\u00a0<acronym title=\"omae - vy\">\u304a\u524d<\/acronym>je z\u00e1jmeno p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b mu\u017esk\u00e9ho rodu. Ob\u011b\u00a0<acronym title=\"omae - vy\">\u304a\u524d<\/acronym>\u00a0kolik\u00a0<acronym title=\"tap\u00edr - vy\">\u3042\u3093\u305f<\/acronym>\u00a0jsou zcela neform\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdrazy.<\/p>\n<p>Plur\u00e1l sloves\u00a0<acronym title=\"omae - vy\">\u304a\u524d<\/acronym>\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt\u00a0<acronym title=\"omaetachi - vy\">\u304a\u524d\u305f\u3061<\/acronym>(vy) nebo\u00a0<acronym title=\"omaera - vy\">\u304a\u524d\u3089<\/acronym>(vy). A plur\u00e1l\u00a0<acronym title=\"tap\u00edr - vy\">\u3042\u3093\u305f<\/acronym>jsou\u00a0<acronym title=\"antatachi - vy\">\u3042\u3093\u305f\u305f\u3061<\/acronym>(vy) a\u00a0<acronym title=\"antara - vy\">\u3042\u3093\u305f\u3089<\/acronym>(vy).<\/p>\n<h2>Osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jmena v japon\u0161tin\u011b - t\u0159et\u00ed osoba<\/h2>\n<p><acronym title=\"kare - on\">\u5f7c<\/acronym>- On<\/p>\n<p>Toto z\u00e1jmeno se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, kdy\u017e mluv\u00edme o osob\u011b mu\u017esk\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed.\u00a0<acronym title=\"kare - on\">\u5f7c<\/acronym>mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat jak mu\u017ei, tak \u017eeny a jejich plur\u00e1l m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt\u00a0<acronym title=\"karera - Them\">\u5f7c\u3089<\/acronym>(je) nebo\u00a0<acronym title=\"karetachi - je\">\u5f7c\u305f\u3061<\/acronym>(je).<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kanojo - Ona\">\u5f7c\u5973<\/acronym>\u00a0- Ona<\/p>\n<p>Toto z\u00e1jmeno se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, kdy\u017e mluv\u00edme o osob\u011b \u017eensk\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed.\u00a0<acronym title=\"kanojo - Ona\">\u5f7c\u5973<\/acronym>mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat jak mu\u017ei, tak \u017eeny a jejich plur\u00e1l m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt\u00a0<acronym title=\"kanojora - Them\">\u5f7c\u5973\u3089<\/acronym>(je) nebo\u00a0<acronym title=\"kanojotachi - Jejich\">\u5f7c\u5973\u305f\u3061<\/acronym>(je).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>V\u0161imn\u011bte si, \u017ee\u00a0<acronym title=\"kanojo - Ona\">\u5f7c\u5973<\/acronym>\u00a0je japonsk\u00e9 osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jmeno tvo\u0159en\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00edm. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00a0<acronym title=\"kanojo - Ona\">\u5f7c\u5973<\/acronym>m\u00e1me kand\u017ei\u00a0<acronym title=\"kare - On\">\u5f7c<\/acronym>\u00a0n\u00e1sledovan\u00fd kand\u017ei\u00a0<acronym title=\"onna - \u017eena\">\u5973<\/acronym>\u00a0tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fd rod \"on\" nebo \"ona\".<\/p>\n<p>Japon\u0161tina je pln\u00e1 t\u011bchto v\u00fdraz\u016f, kdy m\u016f\u017eeme v\u00fdznam slova zjistit z v\u00fdznamu kand\u017ei, kter\u00e9 se v n\u011bm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Cvi\u010den\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edho psan\u00ed kand\u017ei<\/h2>\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-napsat-japonska-pismena-kandzi\/\">Japonsk\u00e9 ideografick\u00e9 symboly<\/a>\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. V\u00fdb\u011br po\u017eadovan\u00fdch kand\u017ei zkop\u00edrujte a vlo\u017ete je do pole\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pracovn\u00ed list pro procvi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed kany a kand\u017ei<\/a>\u00a0otev\u0159e se nov\u00e9 okno, ve kter\u00e9m si m\u016f\u017eete prohl\u00e9dnout soubor k vytisknut\u00ed a procvi\u010dit si japonskou kaligrafii zakryt\u00edm \u0161ed\u00fdch symbol\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm pokusem o vlastn\u00ed psan\u00ed. Sta\u010d\u00ed vytisknout a procvi\u010dovat.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 77px\" border=\"0\" width=\"369\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5f7c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5973<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u524d<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u541b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u50d5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u79c1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o osobn\u00edch z\u00e1jmenech v japon\u0161tin\u011b! Japonci miluj\u00ed hierarchii a vysoce si j\u00ed cen\u00ed. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu m\u00e1 japon\u0161tina mnoho slov stejn\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu s r\u016fzn\u00fdm pou\u017eit\u00edm.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1658,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,72,60],"tags":[2,3],"class_list":["post-1656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-pronomes-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/pronomes-pessoais-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1656"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1656\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}