{"id":1661,"date":"2009-11-03T04:41:50","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1661"},"modified":"2018-03-08T20:23:31","modified_gmt":"2018-03-08T23:23:31","slug":"predmet-vety-v-japonstine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/sujeito-das-frases-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159edm\u011bt v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o\u00a0<strong>p\u0159edm\u011bt japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt<\/strong> \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nihongo!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Jak jsme ji\u017e studovali\u00a0<a title=\"Po\u0159ad\u00ed slov v japon\u0161tin\u011b\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/japonske-poradi-slov\/\">po\u0159ad\u00ed slov v japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch<\/a>V japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch v\u00edme, \u017ee jsou uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny opa\u010dn\u011b ne\u017e slova v portugal\u0161tin\u011b. V japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch je po\u0159ad\u00ed slov obvykle n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed\u00a0<strong>p\u0159edm\u011bt\u00a0<\/strong>+\u00a0<strong>objekt\u00a0<\/strong>(predik\u00e1t nebo zbytek v\u011bty) +\u00a0<strong>sloveso<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-288 size-thumbnail\" title=\"P\u0159edm\u011bt japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt - \u010d\u00e1stice WA \" src=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/ha-150x150.png\" alt=\"P\u0159edm\u011bt japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt - \u010d\u00e1stice WA \" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/>Abychom mohli sn\u00e1ze naj\u00edt p\u0159edm\u011bt japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt, pot\u0159ebujeme v\u011bd\u011bt dv\u011b v\u011bci. <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/zakladni-castice-cast-1-%e3%81%af-a-%e3%81%8c-2\/\">z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice: \u306f(wa) a \u304c(ga)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>V japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch mohou symboly m\u011bnit zvuk.<\/h2>\n<p>\u010c\u00e1stice jsou symboly hiragany pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k ozna\u010den\u00ed slov. V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy je hiragana pou\u017eita jako \u010d\u00e1stice, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jej\u00ed zvuk upraven. V na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se zvuk hiragany \u306f(ha) p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed jako \u010d\u00e1stice zm\u011bn\u00ed na\u00a0<strong>wa<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010c\u00e1stice ozna\u010duj\u00ed, kde se v japonsk\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed podm\u011bt.<\/h2>\n<p>Jednou z funkc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice je uk\u00e1zat, kde se v japon\u0161tin\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed podm\u011bt v\u011bty.\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga\">\u304c<\/acronym>. Slovo, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed n\u00edm, je obvykle podm\u011btem v\u011bty.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kanojo ga ikimasu. - Ona jde.\">\u5f7c\u5973<span class=\"orange\">\u304c<\/span>\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edm\u011bt japonsk\u00e9 v\u011bty m\u016f\u017eeme tak\u00e9 zjistit pomoc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>. Funkc\u00ed t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1stice je ozna\u010dit podm\u011bt v\u011bty (t\u00e9ma). V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech je t\u00e9ma v\u011bty z\u00e1rove\u0148 podm\u011btem a \u010d\u00e1stice\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>\u00a0kon\u010d\u00ed uveden\u00edm jeho polohy. V japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch se tedy slovo, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed \u010d\u00e1stic\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>\u00a0je siln\u00fdm kandid\u00e1tem na toto t\u00e9ma.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi wa burajirujin desu. - Jsem Brazilec.\">\u79c1<span class=\"orange\">\u306f<\/span>\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<!--Ads6--><br \/>\nV japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jsme pou\u017eili jako p\u0159\u00edklady, je oboj\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga\">\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0kolik\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>\u00a0nemaj\u00ed p\u0159eklady z japon\u0161tiny do portugal\u0161tiny. Jsou to pouze indik\u00e1tory (nebo odd\u011blova\u010de) \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u011bty. Nav\u00edc se v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech mohou tyto dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1stice vyskytovat spole\u010dn\u011b v jedn\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Pro \u010d\u00e1stice existuje mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch funkc\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga\">\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>Prozat\u00edm v\u0161ak sta\u010d\u00ed, kdy\u017e se s t\u011bmito funkcemi sezn\u00e1m\u00edte. \u010casem se jim budeme v\u011bnovat podrobn\u011bji.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Cvi\u010den\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edho psan\u00ed kand\u017ei<\/h2>\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-napsat-japonska-pismena-kandzi\/\">Japonsk\u00e9 ideografick\u00e9 symboly<\/a>\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. V\u00fdb\u011br po\u017eadovan\u00fdch kand\u017ei zkop\u00edrujte a vlo\u017ete je do pole\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pracovn\u00ed list pro procvi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed kany a kand\u017ei<\/a>\u00a0otev\u0159e se nov\u00e9 okno, ve kter\u00e9m si m\u016f\u017eete prohl\u00e9dnout soubor k vytisknut\u00ed a procvi\u010dit si japonskou kaligrafii zakryt\u00edm \u0161ed\u00fdch symbol\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm pokusem o vlastn\u00ed psan\u00ed. Sta\u010d\u00ed vytisknout a procvi\u010dovat.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 49px\" border=\"0\" width=\"333\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5f7c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5973<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u884c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u79c1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u4eba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o p\u0159edm\u011btu japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt v nihongo! Proto\u017ee jsme ji\u017e studovali po\u0159ad\u00ed slov v japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch, v\u00edme, \u017ee jsou uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny opa\u010dn\u011b ne\u017e slova v portugal\u0161tin\u011b. Ve v\u011bt\u00e1ch v<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":287,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1661","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1661","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1661"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1661\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}