{"id":1706,"date":"2009-11-03T05:09:15","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:09:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1706"},"modified":"2018-03-11T14:43:14","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T17:43:14","slug":"pridavna-jmena-v-japonstine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/adjetivos-i-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na na i v japon\u0161tin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"c0799bc3a0e94be098a47dd4bca28a45\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Nyn\u00ed se sezn\u00e1m\u00edme s\u00a0<strong>p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na na i v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Nyn\u00ed, kdy\u017e jsme se povrchn\u011b sezn\u00e1mili s japonsk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny, je \u010das pono\u0159it se do t\u00e9matu japonsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen trochu hloub\u011bji.<\/p>\n<p>Zde za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm chv\u00edli trv\u00e1, ne\u017e pochop\u00ed japonskou gramatiku.\u00a0<a title=\"Japonsk\u00fd jazyk\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Japonsk\u00fd jazyk<\/a>. V\u0161ichni zn\u00e1me pojem sklo\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves, kter\u00fd ozna\u010duje zm\u011bny v psan\u00ed sloves podle slovesn\u00fdch \u010das\u016f, ale pojem sklo\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen v na\u0161\u00ed gramatice neexistuje.<\/p>\n<p class=\"orange\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">V\u00fdslovnost a p\u0159eklad zobraz\u00edte najet\u00edm na japonsk\u00e9 symboly (kand\u017ei).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na na i v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/japonska-gramatika\/\">Japonsk\u00e1 gramatika<\/a> se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 pouze ze dvou typ\u016f p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen, kter\u00e1 lze sklo\u0148ovat ve \u010dty\u0159ech \u010dasech: v minul\u00e9m \u010dase kladn\u00e9m, v minul\u00e9m \u010dase z\u00e1porn\u00e9m, v p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase kladn\u00e9m a v p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase z\u00e1porn\u00e9m. Krom\u011b toho existuje tak\u00e9 form\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u016fsob, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tzv.\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>a neform\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u016fsob, kter\u00fd nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1\u00a0<acronym title=\"desu\">\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p>V japonsk\u00e9 gramatice existuje celkem \u0161estn\u00e1ct sklo\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen, z toho osm pro japonsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na.\u00a0<acronym title=\"i\">\u3044<\/acronym>\u00a0a osm pro japonsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na\u00a0<acronym title=\"v\">\u306a<\/acronym>. Mysl\u00edte si, \u017ee je to slo\u017eit\u00e9? Po tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku zjist\u00edte, \u017ee je to jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se zd\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h2>P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen i<\/h2>\n<p>Toto je nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed sklo\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed japonsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen\u00a0<acronym title=\"i\">\u3044<\/acronym>. Je tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako infinitivn\u00ed zp\u016fsob, proto\u017ee v n\u011bm prakticky nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m ve zp\u016fsobu psan\u00ed p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na. V japonsk\u00e9 gramatice se jedn\u00e1 o z\u00e1kladn\u00ed tvar p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen.\u00a0<acronym title=\"i\">\u3044<\/acronym>. A pr\u00e1v\u011b z toho vych\u00e1zej\u00ed ostatn\u00ed flexe.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Atarashii booru | Nov\u00fd m\u00ed\u010d\"><span class=\"orange\">\u65b0\u3057\u3044<\/span>\u30dc\u30fc\u30eb - M\u00ed\u010d\u00a0<span class=\"orange\">nov\u00fd<\/span><\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Takai biru | Vysok\u00e1 budova (velk\u00e1)\"><span class=\"orange\">\u9ad8\u3044<\/span>\u30d3\u30eb - Stavebnictv\u00ed\u00a0<span class=\"orange\">vysok\u00e1 (velk\u00e1)<\/span><\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Aoi sora | Blue sky\"><span class=\"orange\">\u9752\u3044<\/span>\u7a7a - Nebe\u00a0<span class=\"orange\">modr\u00e1<\/span><\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Jak vid\u00edme, prim\u00e1rn\u00ed tvar p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen\u00a0<acronym title=\"i\">\u3044<\/acronym>\u00a0je v\u017edy s koncovkou\u00a0<acronym title=\"i\">\u3044<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<h2>Tvrzen\u00ed minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen i<\/h2>\n<p>Zde je dal\u0161\u00ed jednoduch\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st japonsk\u00e9 gramatiky: kladn\u00fd minul\u00fd \u010das p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen.\u00a0<acronym title=\"i\">\u3044<\/acronym>. P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na\u00a0<acronym title=\"i\">\u3044<\/acronym>\u00a0v kladn\u00e9 minulosti, sta\u010d\u00ed zm\u011bnit koncovku\u00a0<acronym title=\"i\">\u3044<\/acronym>\u00a0podle\u00a0<acronym title=\"katta\">\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/acronym>. Pod\u00edvejte se na to:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"furui ie | casa velha\"><span class=\"orange\">\u53e4\u3044<\/span>\u5bb6<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"furukatta ie | d\u016fm, kter\u00fd byl star\u00fd\"><span class=\"orange\">\u53e4\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span>\u5bb6<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"aoi sora | blue sky\"><span class=\"orange\">\u9752\u3044<\/span>\u7a7a<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"aokatta sora | nebe, kter\u00e9 bylo modr\u00e9\"><span class=\"orange\">\u9752\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span>\u7a7a<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"atarashii kuruma | nov\u00e9 auto\"><span class=\"orange\">\u65b0\u3057\u3044<\/span>\u8eca<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"atarashikatta kuruma - auto, kter\u00e9 bylo nov\u00e9\"><span class=\"orange\">\u65b0\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span>\u8eca<\/acronym><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1porn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen i<\/h2>\n<p>Pro \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na v z\u00e1porn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase n\u00e1m japonsk\u00e1 gramatika \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee je t\u0159eba zm\u011bnit koncovku.\u00a0<acronym title=\"i\">\u3044<\/acronym>\u00a0podle\u00a0<acronym title=\"kunai\">\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/acronym>, co\u017e je z\u00e1porn\u00e1 koncovka japonsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"shiroi hon | b\u00edl\u00e1 kniha\"><span class=\"orange\">\u767d\u3044<\/span>\u672c<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"shirokunai hon | kniha, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e1\"><span class=\"orange\">\u767d\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/span>\u672c<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"furui ie | casa velha\"><span class=\"orange\">\u53e4\u3044<\/span>\u5bb6<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"furukunai tj. | d\u016fm, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed star\u00fd\"><span class=\"orange\">\u53e4\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/span>\u5bb6<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1porn\u00e1 minulost p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen i<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na\u00a0<acronym title=\"i\">\u3044<\/acronym>\u00a0v z\u00e1porn\u00e9 minulosti sta\u010d\u00ed zm\u011bnit koncovku\u00a0<acronym title=\"i\">\u3044<\/acronym>\u00a0podle\u00a0<acronym title=\"kunakatta\">\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/acronym>. To je zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st japonsk\u00e9 gramatiky. Dokonce se zd\u00e1, \u017ee dali dohromady p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd z\u00e1por.\u00a0<acronym title=\"kunai\">\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/acronym>\u00a0s afirmativn\u00ed minulost\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"katta\">\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/acronym>formov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kunakatta\">\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"furui ie | Casa velha\"><span class=\"orange\">\u53e4\u3044<\/span>\u5bb6<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"furukunakatta ie | D\u016fm, kter\u00fd nebyl star\u00fd\"><span class=\"orange\">\u53e4\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span>\u5bb6<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"shiroi hon | b\u00edl\u00e1 kniha\"><span class=\"orange\">\u767d\u3044<\/span>\u672c<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"shirokunakatta hon | kniha, kter\u00e1 nebyla b\u00edl\u00e1\"><span class=\"orange\">\u767d\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span>\u672c<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p>Pokud st\u00e1le nem\u016f\u017eete p\u0159ij\u00edt na to, jak tvo\u0159it v\u011bty a pou\u017e\u00edvat <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/japonska-pridavna-jmena\/\">p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>nebojte se. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je nyn\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bt, jak sklo\u0148ovat p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na podle japonsk\u00e9 gramatiky. V n\u011bkolika n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch se nau\u010d\u00edme, jak pou\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v japon\u0161tin\u011b.<\/p>\n<h2>Cvi\u010den\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edho psan\u00ed kand\u017ei<\/h2>\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-napsat-japonska-pismena-kandzi\/\">Japonsk\u00e9 ideografick\u00e9 symboly<\/a>\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. V\u00fdb\u011br po\u017eadovan\u00fdch kand\u017ei zkop\u00edrujte a vlo\u017ete je do pole\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pracovn\u00ed list pro procvi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed kany a kand\u017ei<\/a>\u00a0otev\u0159e se nov\u00e9 okno, ve kter\u00e9m si m\u016f\u017eete prohl\u00e9dnout soubor k vytisknut\u00ed a procvi\u010dit si japonskou kaligrafii zakryt\u00edm \u0161ed\u00fdch symbol\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm pokusem o vlastn\u00ed psan\u00ed. Sta\u010d\u00ed vytisknout a procvi\u010dovat.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 75px\" border=\"0\" width=\"514\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u65b0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u9ad8<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u9752<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u53e4<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5bb6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u767d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nyn\u00ed se sezn\u00e1m\u00edme s japonsk\u00fdmi i-p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny! Nyn\u00ed, kdy\u017e jsme se povrchn\u011b sezn\u00e1mili s japonsk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny, je \u010das pono\u0159it se do t\u00e9matu japonsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen trochu hloub\u011bji. Zde je na \u0159ad\u011b japonsk\u00e1 gramatika<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1708,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76,49,70],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-adjetivos-japoneses","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1706","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1706"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1706\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1706"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}