{"id":1706,"date":"2009-11-03T05:09:15","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:09:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1706"},"modified":"2026-08-10T22:16:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T01:16:06","slug":"pridavna-jmena-v-japonstine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/adjetivos-i-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Japonsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na i: sklo\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, pou\u017eit\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edklady"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <strong>p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na i v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/strong>, tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 <strong>adjektivech \u3044<\/strong>, se mohou objevit p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem a tak\u00e9 ukon\u010dovat v\u011btu. Pro jejich sklo\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed plat\u00ed hlavn\u00ed pravidlo: odstranit koncov\u00e9 <strong>\u3044<\/strong> a p\u0159idat pot\u0159ebnou koncovku: <strong>\uff5e\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/strong> v z\u00e1poru, <strong>\uff5e\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong> v minul\u00e9m \u010dase a <strong>\uff5e\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong> v z\u00e1porn\u00e9m minul\u00e9m \u010dase.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tato transformace pat\u0159\u00ed k samotn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9mu jm\u00e9nu. <strong>\u3067\u3059<\/strong> m\u016f\u017ee u\u010dinit v\u011btu zdvo\u0159ilou, ale nem\u011blo by se pou\u017e\u00edvat, jako by bylo jedinou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed odpov\u011bdnou za \u010das nebo z\u00e1por.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Co jsou p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na i v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na \u3044 popisuj\u00ed vlastnosti, stavy, pocity nebo hodnocen\u00ed. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed tvar obvykle kon\u010d\u00ed na <strong>\u3044<\/strong>jako <strong>\u9ad8\u3044<\/strong> (<em>takai<\/em>, vysok\u00fd nebo drah\u00fd), <strong>\u65b0\u3057\u3044<\/strong> (<em>atarashii<\/em>, nov\u00fd) a <strong>\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044<\/strong> (<em>omoshiroi<\/em>, zaj\u00edmav\u00fd).<\/p>\n\n<p>Maj\u00ed dva hlavn\u00ed zp\u016fsoby pou\u017eit\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>P\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem:<\/strong> \u65b0\u3057\u3044\u672c (<em>atarashii hon<\/em>) \u2014 nov\u00e1 kniha.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jako p\u0159\u00edsudek:<\/strong> \u3053\u306e\u672c\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059 (<em>Tato kniha je nov\u00e1<\/em>) \u2014 Tato kniha je nov\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Ne ka\u017ed\u00e9 slovo, kter\u00e9 graficky kon\u010d\u00ed na \u3044, pat\u0159\u00ed do t\u00e9to skupiny. <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044<\/strong> (<em>kirei<\/em>, hezk\u00fd nebo \u010dist\u00fd) a <strong>\u6709\u540d<\/strong> (<em>y\u016bmei<\/em>, slavn\u00fd), nap\u0159\u00edklad, jsou adjektiva \u306a. Pokud m\u00e1te pochybnosti, ov\u011b\u0159te t\u0159\u00eddu slova ve slovn\u00edku a pod\u00edvejte se do obecn\u00e9ho pr\u016fvodce <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-pouzivat-pridavna-jmena-v-japonstine\/\">p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u010cty\u0159i hlavn\u00ed tvary adjektiv i<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u00edsto memorov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201c\u0161estn\u00e1cti flex\u00ed\u201d za\u010dn\u011bte k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00edm dvou voleb: <strong>nep\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd nebo minul\u00fd<\/strong> e <strong>kladn\u00fd nebo z\u00e1porn\u00fd<\/strong>. Zdvo\u0159il\u00fd tvar lze p\u0159idat pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Funkce<\/th><th>Prost\u00fd tvar<\/th><th>\u010cast\u00fd zdvo\u0159il\u00fd tvar<\/th><th>P\u0159\u00edklad s \u9ad8\u3044<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Neminul\u00fd kladn\u00fd<\/td><td>\uff5e\u3044<\/td><td>\uff5e\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u3044\uff0f\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Neminul\u00fd z\u00e1porn\u00fd<\/td><td>\uff5e\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\uff5e\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\uff0f\uff5e\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044\uff0f\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Minulost kladn\u00e1<\/td><td>\uff5e\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\uff5e\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff0f\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negativn\u00ed minulost<\/td><td>\uff5e\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\uff5e\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\uff0f\uff5e\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff0f\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Tabulka tvo\u0159en\u00ed prost\u00e9ho a zdvo\u0159il\u00e9ho stylu v <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/pre-intermediate\/pdf\/ZZ_L09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori od Japan Foundation<\/a> zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 tyto \u010dty\u0159i opozice. \u00davodn\u00ed materi\u00e1l tak\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuje <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/starter\/pdf\/X_L07.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\uff5e\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059 a alternativu \uff5e\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads10-->\n\n<h2>Jak tvo\u0159it z\u00e1por a minul\u00fd \u010das<\/h2>\n\n<h3>Z\u00e1por: vym\u011b\u0148te \u3044 za \u304f\u306a\u3044<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u9ad8\u3044 \u2192 \u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/strong><br \/>\u305f\u304b\u3044 \u2192 \u305f\u304b\u304f\u306a\u3044<br \/><em>Takai \u2192 takakunai<\/em><br \/>\u00c9 caro\/alto \u2192 N\u00e3o \u00e9 caro\/alto.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u3053\u306e\u5e97\u306f\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3053\u306e \u307f\u305b\u306f \u305f\u304b\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Kono mise wa takakunai desu.<\/em><br \/>Esta loja n\u00e3o \u00e9 cara.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Passado afirmativo: troque \u3044 por \u304b\u3063\u305f<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044 \u2192 \u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong><br \/><em>Omoshiroi \u2192 omoshirokatta<\/em><br \/>\u00c9 interessante \u2192 Foi interessante.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u6620\u753b\u306f\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3048\u3044\u304c\u306f \u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Eiga wa omoshirokatta desu.<\/em><br \/>O filme foi interessante.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Passado negativo: troque \u3044 por \u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u5fd9\u3057\u3044 \u2192 \u5fd9\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong><br \/>\u3044\u305d\u304c\u3057\u3044 \u2192 \u3044\u305d\u304c\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<br \/><em>Isogashii \u2192 isogashikunakatta<\/em><br \/>Est\u00e1 ocupado \u2192 N\u00e3o estava ocupado.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u6628\u65e5\u306f\u5fd9\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304d\u306e\u3046\u306f \u3044\u305d\u304c\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Kin\u014d wa isogashikunakatta desu.<\/em><br \/>Ontem n\u00e3o estive ocupado.<\/p>\n\n<p>Observe que <strong>\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/strong> e <strong>\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/strong> n\u00e3o s\u00e3o as formas normais do passado. O passado aparece no adjetivo: <strong>\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/strong> e <strong>\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/strong>. Para revisar o papel de \u3067\u3059 sem trat\u00e1-lo como equivalente perfeito de \u201cser\u201d, consulte o artigo sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/desu-je-slovesny-tvar-byt-v-japonstine\/\">\u3067\u3059 v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>A exce\u00e7\u00e3o \u3044\u3044: use a base \u3088 nas flex\u00f5es<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>\u3044\u3044<\/strong> significa \u201cbom\u201d e tem origem em <strong>\u3088\u3044<\/strong>. Na forma b\u00e1sica, \u3044\u3044 \u00e9 muito comum; nas demais formas, use a base <strong>\u3088<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Funkce<\/th><th>Forma correta<\/th><th>Forma a evitar<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Neminul\u00fd kladn\u00fd<\/td><td>\u3044\u3044\uff0f\u3088\u3044<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Neminul\u00fd z\u00e1porn\u00fd<\/td><td>\u3088\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u3044\u3044\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Minulost kladn\u00e1<\/td><td>\u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u3044\u3044\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negativn\u00ed minulost<\/td><td>\u3088\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u3044\u3044\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>O material da Japan Foundation sobre impress\u00f5es no passado destaca que <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/starter\/pdf\/X_L17.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u3044\u3044 forma o passado como \u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/a>. O mesmo padr\u00e3o vale para compostos terminados em \u3044\u3044, como <strong>\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044 \u2192 \u304b\u3063\u3053\u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como ligar adjetivos e indicar mudan\u00e7a<\/h2>\n\n<h3>Use \uff5e\u304f\u3066 para conectar caracter\u00edsticas<\/h3>\n\n<p>Troque o \u3044 final por <strong>\u304f\u3066<\/strong> para ligar um adjetivo \u3044 \u00e0 continua\u00e7\u00e3o da frase:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u3053\u306e\u90e8\u5c4b\u306f\u5e83\u304f\u3066\u3001\u660e\u308b\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3053\u306e \u3078\u3084\u306f \u3072\u308d\u304f\u3066\u3001\u3042\u304b\u308b\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Kono heya wa hirokute, akarui desu.<\/em><br \/>Este quarto \u00e9 espa\u00e7oso e claro.<\/p>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation apresenta \uff5e\u304f\u3066 como forma de conectar adjetivos \u3044<\/a>. Dependendo do contexto, a primeira caracter\u00edstica tamb\u00e9m pode funcionar como causa ou explica\u00e7\u00e3o da segunda parte.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Use \uff5e\u304f\u306a\u308b para \u201cficar\u201d ou \u201ctornar-se\u201d<\/h3>\n\n<p>S <strong>st\u00e1t se<\/strong>, a forma em \uff5e\u304f expressa mudan\u00e7a:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u3060\u3093\u3060\u3093\u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3060\u3093\u3060\u3093 \u3055\u3080\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Dandan samuku narimashita.<\/em><br \/>Foi ficando frio aos poucos.<\/p>\n\n<p>Standard <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">adjetivo \u3044 sem o \u3044 final + \u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/a> \u00e9 usado pelo Irodori para descrever mudan\u00e7as de clima. A mesma base em \uff5e\u304f tamb\u00e9m pode modificar uma a\u00e7\u00e3o: <strong>\u540d\u524d\u3092\u5927\u304d\u304f\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/strong> (<em>Namae o \u014dkiku kaite kudasai<\/em>) significa \u201cEscreva o nome em tamanho grande, por favor\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Diferen\u00e7a essencial entre adjetivos i e na<\/h2>\n\n<p>Antes de substantivos, o adjetivo \u3044 mant\u00e9m o \u3044: <strong>\u9759\u304b\u306a\u90e8\u5c4b<\/strong> \u00e9 \u201cquarto silencioso\u201d com adjetivo \u306a, enquanto <strong>\u5e83\u3044\u90e8\u5c4b<\/strong> \u00e9 \u201cquarto espa\u00e7oso\u201d com adjetivo \u3044. No predicado e nas flex\u00f5es, cada grupo segue seu pr\u00f3prio padr\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Uso<\/th><th>Adjektivum \u3044<\/th><th>Adjektivum \u306a<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>P\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u3044\u5e97<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u306a\u5e97<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Predicado polido<\/td><td>\u5e97\u306f\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/td><td>\u5e97\u306f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Prost\u00fd z\u00e1por<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/pridavna-jmena-v-japonstine-2\/\">adjetivos \u306a em japon\u00eas<\/a> ser\u00e1 o pr\u00f3ximo aprofundamento do cluster. Para montar frases completas com essas formas, use tamb\u00e9m o m\u00e9todo de <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-tvorit-vety-v-japonstine\/\">tvorby japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns com adjetivos i<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Chamar a forma em \uff5e\u3044 de infinitivo:<\/strong> \u201cforma b\u00e1sica\u201d ou \u201cforma n\u00e3o passada afirmativa\u201d \u00e9 mais preciso.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tratar toda palavra terminada em \u3044 como adjetivo \u3044:<\/strong> \u304d\u308c\u3044 e \u6709\u540d s\u00e3o adjetivos \u306a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fazer o passado com \u3067\u3057\u305f:<\/strong> use \u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059, n\u00e3o \u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Flexionar \u3044\u3044 como um adjetivo regular:<\/strong> use \u3088\u304f\u306a\u3044, \u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f e \u3088\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Retirar o \u3044 antes de um substantivo:<\/strong> diga \u65b0\u3057\u3044\u672c, n\u00e3o \u65b0\u3057\u672c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Di\u00e1logo curto<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> \u305d\u306e\u5e97\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<br \/>\u305d\u306e \u307f\u305b\u306f \u3069\u3046\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<br \/><em>Sono mise wa d\u014d deshita ka?<\/em><br \/>Como era o restaurante?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> \u6599\u7406\u306f\u304a\u3044\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u5e97\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u5e83\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\u308a\u3087\u3046\u308a\u306f \u304a\u3044\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u307f\u305b\u306f \u3042\u307e\u308a \u3072\u308d\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Ry\u014dri wa oishikatta desu. Demo, mise wa amari hirokunakatta desu.<\/em><br \/>A comida estava gostosa. Mas o restaurante n\u00e3o era muito espa\u00e7oso.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> \u5024\u6bb5\u306f\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<br \/>\u306d\u3060\u3093\u306f \u305f\u304b\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<br \/><em>Nedan wa takakatta desu ka?<\/em><br \/>O pre\u00e7o era alto?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> \u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u5b89\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u3084\u3059\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Iie, yasukatta desu.<\/em><br \/>N\u00e3o, era barato.<\/p>\n\n<p>O di\u00e1logo combina passado afirmativo e passado negativo sem deslocar a flex\u00e3o para \u3067\u3059. Se a ordem dos elementos ainda causar d\u00favida, revise os <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/zakladni-japonska-gramatika\/\">z\u00e1klady japonsk\u00e9 gramatiky<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Komentovan\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u3044<\/strong> no n\u00e3o passado negativo: <strong>\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u697d\u3057\u3044<\/strong> no passado afirmativo: <strong>\u697d\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5fd9\u3057\u3044<\/strong> no passado negativo: <strong>\u5fd9\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3044\u3044<\/strong> no passado afirmativo: <strong>\u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Una <strong>\u5e83\u3044<\/strong> e <strong>\u660e\u308b\u3044<\/strong>: <strong>\u5e83\u304f\u3066\u3001\u660e\u308b\u3044<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>A regra mental \u00e9 simples: preserve o \u3044 na forma b\u00e1sica e antes de substantivos; para transformar o adjetivo, substitua esse \u3044 por <strong>\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/strong>, <strong>\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>, <strong>\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong> nebo <strong>\u304f\u3066<\/strong>. Depois, confirme se a palavra \u00e9 realmente um adjetivo \u3044 e lembre-se da base \u3088 de \u3044\u3044.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-8d459e5d628cf\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Je ka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed na \u3044 p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no i?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ne. Grafick\u00e1 koncovka pom\u00e1h\u00e1, ale slova jako \u304d\u308c\u3044 a \u6709\u540d pat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen \u306a. Pokud m\u00e1te pochybnosti, ov\u011b\u0159te t\u0159\u00eddu ve slovn\u00edku a sledujte, jak se slovo objevuje p\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-4d0fc479976a4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak vytvo\u0159it z\u00e1porn\u00fd tvar p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na i?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Odstra\u0148te koncovku \u3044 a p\u0159idejte \u304f\u306a\u3044. \u9ad8\u3044 se zm\u011bn\u00ed na \u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044; ve zdvo\u0159il\u00e9 form\u011b pou\u017eijte \u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059 nebo \u9ad8\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-48f66699a17eb\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak d\u00e1t p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no i do minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Odstra\u0148te koncovku \u3044 a p\u0159idejte \u304b\u3063\u305f: \u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044 se zm\u011bn\u00ed na \u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u304b\u3063\u305f. Ve zdvo\u0159il\u00e9 form\u011b \u0159ekn\u011bte \u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059, ne \u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d880f76950411\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny i a na?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na \u3044 si zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u3044 p\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem a oh\u00fdbaj\u00ed se do tvar\u016f jako \u304f\u306a\u3044 a \u304b\u3063\u305f. P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na \u306a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u306a p\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem a v p\u0159\u00edsudku se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed jin\u00fdm vzorem, jako \u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059 a \u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-f8d466f77fff5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Pro\u010d se \u3044\u3044 m\u011bn\u00ed na \u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3044\u3044 si zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 historick\u00fd z\u00e1klad spojen\u00fd s \u3088\u3044. Proto jeho odvozen\u00e9 tvary pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u3088: \u3088\u304f\u306a\u3044, \u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f a \u3088\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f. Slo\u017eeniny jako \u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044 se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed stejn\u00fdm vzorem.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dte se identifikovat a sklo\u0148ovat japonsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na i v z\u00e1porn\u00e9m a minul\u00e9m tvaru, pou\u017e\u00edvat \u3067\u3059 a pochopit v\u00fdjimku \u3044\u3044.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1708,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76,49,70],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-adjetivos-japoneses","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1706","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1706"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1706\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4411,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1706\/revisions\/4411"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1706"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}