{"id":1713,"date":"2009-11-03T05:14:28","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:14:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1713"},"modified":"2026-08-10T23:35:05","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T02:35:05","slug":"pridavna-jmena-v-japonstine-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/adjetivos-na-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v japon\u0161tin\u011b: tvary, pou\u017eit\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edklady"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <strong>p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na \u306a v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/strong>, tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 <strong>adjektiva \u306a<\/strong>, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed <strong>\u306a<\/strong> kdy\u017e p\u0159\u00edmo modifikuj\u00ed podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no v afirmativn\u00edm ne-minul\u00e9m tvaru: <strong>\u9759\u304b\u306a\u753a<\/strong> (<em>shizuka na machi<\/em>, \u201cklidn\u00e9 m\u011bsto\u201d. Na konci v\u011bty se v\u0161ak vzor m\u011bn\u00ed: <strong>\u753a\u306f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059<\/strong> (<em>Machi wa shizuka desu<\/em>, \u201cM\u011bsto je klidn\u00e9\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00edm pravidlem je nepova\u017eovat <strong>\u306a<\/strong> za pevnou koncovku slova. Objevuje se ve specifick\u00e9 funkci. Pro negaci, minul\u00fd \u010das, spojov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastnost\u00ed nebo ozna\u010den\u00ed zm\u011bny se adjektiva \u306a \u0159\u00edd\u00ed jin\u00fdmi vzory.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Co jsou p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Adjektiva \u306a popisuj\u00ed vlastnosti, stavy, preference a hodnocen\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010dast\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady jsou <strong>\u9759\u304b<\/strong> (<em>shizuka<\/em>, klidn\u00fd), <strong>\u4fbf\u5229<\/strong> (<em>benri<\/em>, praktick\u00fd nebo v\u00fdhodn\u00fd), <strong>\u6709\u540d<\/strong> (<em>y\u016bmei<\/em>, slavn\u00fd), <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044<\/strong> (<em>kirei<\/em>, hezk\u00fd nebo \u010dist\u00fd) a <strong>\u597d\u304d<\/strong> (<em>suki<\/em>, kter\u00fd se l\u00edb\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n<p>N\u00e1zev \u201cadjektivum \u306a\u201d poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze vzoru pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho p\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem: <strong>\u9759\u304b\u306a\u90e8\u5c4b<\/strong> (<em>shizuka na heya<\/em>), \u201ctich\u00fd pokoj\u201d. To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee slovn\u00edkov\u00e1 forma je <strong>\u9759\u304b\u306a<\/strong> ani \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00fdskyt vy\u017eaduje \u306a.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tak\u00e9 nen\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 klasifikovat slovo podle posledn\u00edho p\u00edsmene. <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044<\/strong> vizu\u00e1ln\u011b kon\u010d\u00ed na \u3044, ale pat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny \u306a: \u0159ekn\u011bte <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306a\u516c\u5712<\/strong>, ne <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044\u3044\u516c\u5712<\/strong>. Obecn\u00fd pr\u016fvodce <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-pouzivat-pridavna-jmena-v-japonstine\/\">p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a> porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 ob\u011b t\u0159\u00eddy, zat\u00edmco \u010dl\u00e1nek o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/pridavna-jmena-v-japonstine\/\">adjektivech \u3044<\/a> prohlubuje druh\u00fd vzor.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u010cast\u00e1 adjektiva \u306a k u\u010den\u00ed s t\u0159\u00eddou<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zapamatujte si ka\u017ed\u00e9 slovo spolu se vzorem pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm p\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem. To je spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sna\u017eit se uhodnout t\u0159\u00eddu podle psan\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Slovo<\/th><th>\u010cten\u00ed<\/th><th>Obvykl\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/th><th>S podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u9759\u304b<\/td><td><em>shizuka<\/em><\/td><td>tich\u00fd; klidn\u00fd<\/td><td>Tich\u00e9 m\u00edsto<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u4fbf\u5229<\/td><td><em>benri<\/em><\/td><td>praktick\u00fd; pohodln\u00fd<\/td><td>\u0161ikovn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>energie<\/td><td><em>genki<\/em><\/td><td>zdrav\u00fd; ochotn\u00fd<\/td><td>energick\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9<\/td><td><em>taisetsu<\/em><\/td><td>d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd; vz\u00e1cn\u00fd<\/td><td>d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 kniha<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>jednoduch\u00fd<\/td><td><em>kantan<\/em><\/td><td>jednoduch\u00fd; snadn\u00fd<\/td><td>jednoduch\u00fd probl\u00e9m<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u304d\u308c\u3044<\/td><td><em>kirei<\/em><\/td><td>hezk\u00fd; \u010dist\u00fd<\/td><td>\u010dist\u00fd pokoj<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u597d\u304d<\/td><td><em>suki<\/em><\/td><td>obl\u00edben\u00fd; preferovan\u00fd<\/td><td>obl\u00edben\u00e1 hudba<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><strong>\u597d\u304d<\/strong> zaslou\u017e\u00ed si pozornost, proto\u017ee v p\u0159ekladu obvykle odpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u201cm\u00edt r\u00e1d\u201d, ale nefunguje jako sloveso. V <strong>M\u00e1m r\u00e1d japon\u0161tinu<\/strong> (<em>Watashi wa Nihongo ga suki desu<\/em>), konstrukce p\u0159edstavuje japon\u0161tinu jako to, co je obl\u00edben\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Kdy pou\u017e\u00edt \u306a a kdy ne<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pou\u017eijte \u306a mezi p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem a podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem v kladn\u00e9m tvaru minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu. Ve zdvo\u0159il\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edsudku pou\u017eijte p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no n\u00e1sledovan\u00e9 \u3067\u3059, bez \u306a.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Funkce<\/th><th>Struktura<\/th><th>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/th><th>P\u0159eklad<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>P\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem<\/td><td>\u30caA + \u306a + podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no<\/td><td>\u4fbf\u5229\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea<\/td><td>praktick\u00e1 aplikace<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>V p\u0159\u00edsudku<\/td><td>t\u00e9ma + \u306f + \u30caA + \u3067\u3059<\/td><td>\u3053\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u306f\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/td><td>Tato aplikace je praktick\u00e1.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>O <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/starter\/pdf\/X_L14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori od Japan Foundation p\u0159edstavuje kontrast mezi \u30caA-\u306a N a \u30caA-\u3067\u3059<\/a>. Tento rozd\u00edl zabra\u0148uje tvar\u016fm jako <strong>\u4fbf\u5229\u306a\u3067\u3059<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 ob\u011b konstrukce m\u00eds\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p>V z\u00e1porn\u00fdch nebo minul\u00fdch tvarech p\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem \u306a tak\u00e9 nez\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u753a<\/strong> \u2014 m\u011bsto, kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed klidn\u00e9;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9759\u304b\u3060\u3063\u305f\u753a<\/strong> \u2014 m\u011bsto, kter\u00e9 bylo klidn\u00e9;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u753a<\/strong> \u2014 m\u011bsto, kter\u00e9 nebylo klidn\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>\u010cty\u0159i hlavn\u00ed tvary p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen v<\/h2>\n\n<p>Uspo\u0159\u00e1dejte tvary podle dvou voleb: <strong>nep\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd nebo minul\u00fd<\/strong> e <strong>kladn\u00fd nebo z\u00e1porn\u00fd<\/strong>. Prost\u00fd styl je b\u011b\u017en\u00fd v neform\u00e1ln\u00edch rozhovorech a v gramatick\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch; zdvo\u0159il\u00fd styl je vhodn\u00fd pro form\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed situace.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Hodnota<\/th><th>Prost\u00fd tvar<\/th><th>Zdvo\u0159il\u00fd b\u011b\u017en\u00fd tvar<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Neminul\u00fd kladn\u00fd<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u3060<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Neminul\u00fd z\u00e1porn\u00fd<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Minulost kladn\u00e1<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u3060\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negativn\u00ed minulost<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/a1.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/appendix_06.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">konjuga\u010dn\u00ed tabulka Marugoto<\/a>, od Japan Foundation, zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i zdvo\u0159il\u00e9 tvary. Materi\u00e1l <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/starter\/pdf\/X_L17.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori o minul\u00e9m \u010dase<\/a> potvrzuje vzory jako <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/strong> e <strong>\u5927\u5909\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi \u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059 a \u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093?<\/h3>\n\n<p>Ob\u011b formy mohou vytvo\u0159it zdvo\u0159il\u00fd z\u00e1por. <strong>\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/strong> je \u010dast\u00e9 v mluven\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di a v ka\u017edodenn\u00edch situac\u00edch; <strong>\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/strong> je form\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V minul\u00e9m \u010dase srovnejte <strong>\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/strong> e <strong>nebylo<\/strong>. Vyberte registr podle situace, ani\u017e byste zm\u011bnili \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n\n<p>M\u00edsto toho, abyste si mysleli, \u017ee \u3067\u3059 je jednodu\u0161e \u201csloveso b\u00fdt\u201d, sledujte celou v\u011btu. \u010cl\u00e1nek o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/desu-je-slovesny-tvar-byt-v-japonstine\/\">\u3067\u3059 v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a> vysv\u011btluje podrobn\u011bji vztah mezi predikac\u00ed, \u010dasem a zdvo\u0159ilost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads10-->\n\n<h2>Jak spojovat p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na \u306a pomoc\u00ed \uff5e\u3067<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pro spojen\u00ed p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na \u306a s dal\u0161\u00ed charakteristikou nebo pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm pou\u017eijte <strong>\uff5e\u3067<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u3053\u306e\u753a\u306f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3001\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3053\u306e \u307e\u3061\u306f \u3057\u305a\u304b\u3067\u3001\u3079\u3093\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Kono machi wa shizuka de, benri desu.<\/em><br \/>Toto m\u011bsto je klidn\u00e9 a praktick\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<p>O <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori u\u010d\u00ed \u30caA-\u3067 pro spojov\u00e1n\u00ed charakteristik<\/a>. Srovnejte se vzorem p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen \u3044, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \uff5e\u304f\u3066. V z\u00e1vislosti na vztahu mezi \u010d\u00e1stmi m\u016f\u017ee \uff5e\u3067 tak\u00e9 p\u0159edstavovat p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu nebo d\u016fvod.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Jak ozna\u010dit zp\u016fsob a zm\u011bnu pomoc\u00ed \uff5e\u306b<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tvar s <strong>\uff5e\u306b<\/strong> m\u016f\u017ee uk\u00e1zat, jak se akce odehr\u00e1v\u00e1:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u9759\u304b\u306b\u8a71\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3057\u305a\u304b\u306b \u306f\u306a\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<br \/><em>Shizuka ni hanashite kudasai.<\/em><br \/>Mluvte pros\u00edm potichu.<\/p>\n\n<p>S <strong>st\u00e1t se<\/strong>, vzor <strong>\u30caA + \u306b + \u306a\u308b<\/strong> ozna\u010duje zm\u011bnu stavu:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>M\u011bsto se stalo ru\u0161n\u00fdm.<\/strong><br \/>M\u011bsto se stalo ru\u0161n\u00fdm.<br \/><em>Machi ga nigiyaka ni narimashita.<\/em><br \/>M\u011bsto se stalo ru\u0161n\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n<p>Japan Foundation zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u30caA-\u306b \u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059 jako vzor zm\u011bny<\/a>. Abychom tyto struktury za\u010dlenili do \u00fapln\u00fdch v\u011bt, zopakujte si metodu <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-tvorit-vety-v-japonstine\/\">tvorby japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u010cast\u00e9 chyby s p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed \u306a na konec v\u011bty:<\/strong> \u0159ekn\u011bte <strong>\u90e8\u5c4b\u306f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059<\/strong>, ne <strong>\u90e8\u5c4b\u306f\u9759\u304b\u306a\u3067\u3059<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vynech\u00e1n\u00ed \u306a p\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem:<\/strong> \u0159ekn\u011bte <strong>\u9759\u304b\u306a\u90e8\u5c4b<\/strong>, ne <strong>\u9759\u304b\u90e8\u5c4b<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zachov\u00e1n\u00ed \u306a ve v\u0161ech tvarech:<\/strong> z\u00e1por je <strong>\u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/strong>, a minul\u00fd \u010das je <strong>\u9759\u304b\u3060\u3063\u305f<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Klasifikace pouze podle vzhledu:<\/strong> <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044<\/strong> e <strong>\u5acc\u3044<\/strong> kon\u010d\u00ed na \u3044, ale jsou to p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na \u306a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1m\u011bna \u3067 spojky s \u010d\u00e1stic\u00ed m\u00edsta:<\/strong> na adrese <strong>\u9759\u304b\u3067\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3059<\/strong>, \u3067 spojuje dv\u011b vlastnosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Tyto kontrasty jsou jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e pochop\u00edte funkci ka\u017ed\u00e9ho prvku. Pokud pot\u0159ebujete zopakovat t\u00e9ma, p\u0159\u00edsudek a \u010d\u00e1stice, pod\u00edvejte se na <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/zakladni-japonska-gramatika\/\">z\u00e1klady japonsk\u00e9 gramatiky<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd dialog s p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny v<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> Jak\u00e1 je nov\u00e1 knihovna?<br \/>Jak\u00e1 je nov\u00e1 knihovna?<br \/><em>Atarashii toshokan wa d\u014d desu ka?<\/em><br \/>Jak\u00e1 je nov\u00e1 knihovna?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> Je tich\u00e1 a \u010dist\u00e1. Je vhodn\u00e1 ke studiu.<br \/>Je tich\u00e1 a \u010dist\u00e1. Je vhodn\u00e1 ke studiu.<br \/><em>Shizuka de, kirei desu. Benky\u014d ni benri desu yo.<\/em><br \/>Je tich\u00e1 a \u010dist\u00e1. Je vhodn\u00e1 ke studiu.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> Byla i p\u0159edchoz\u00ed knihovna tich\u00e1?<br \/>Byla i p\u0159edchoz\u00ed knihovna tich\u00e1?<br \/><em>Mae no toshokan mo shizuka deshita ka?<\/em><br \/>Byla i p\u0159edchoz\u00ed knihovna tich\u00e1?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> Ne, nebyla moc tich\u00e1.<br \/>Ne, nebyla moc tich\u00e1.<br \/><em>Iie, amari shizuka janakatta desu.<\/em><br \/>Ne, nebyla moc tich\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Komentovan\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Dopl\u0148te \u201cslavn\u00e1 osoba\u201d: <strong>\u6709\u540d\u306a\u4eba<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159ev\u00e9st <strong>benri desu<\/strong> na prost\u00fd z\u00e1por: <strong>benri janai<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159ev\u00e9st <strong>\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059<\/strong> na zdvo\u0159il\u00fd minul\u00fd \u010das: <strong>\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Una <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/strong> e <strong>benri desu<\/strong>: <strong>\u304d\u308c\u3044\u3067\u3001\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3059<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Vyj\u00e1d\u0159ete \u201cstal se slavn\u00fdm\u201d: <strong>\u6709\u540d\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>Rychl\u00e9 pravidlo zn\u00ed: pou\u017eijte <strong>\u306a<\/strong> pouze p\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem v kladn\u00e9m tvaru nep\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu; pou\u017eijte <strong>\u3060\uff0f\u3067\u3059<\/strong> v p\u0159\u00edsudku, <strong>ne<\/strong> v z\u00e1poru, <strong>\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff0f\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/strong> v minul\u00e9m \u010dase, <strong>\u3067<\/strong> pro spojen\u00ed a <strong>\u306b<\/strong> p\u0159ed \u306a\u308b nebo pro \u00fapravu d\u011bje.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-a541cd3bed5f7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Co jsou p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Jsou to slova, kter\u00e1 popisuj\u00ed vlastnosti, stavy nebo hodnocen\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u306a p\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem v kladn\u00e9m tvaru nep\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu, jako \u9759\u304b\u306a\u753a. V zdvo\u0159il\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edsudku se objevuj\u00ed bez \u306a, jako \u753a\u306f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-71a74732ad731\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Kdy m\u00e1m pou\u017e\u00edt \u306a po p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9m jm\u00e9n\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Pou\u017eijte \u306a, kdy\u017e p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no p\u0159\u00edmo modifikuje podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no v kladn\u00e9m tvaru ne-minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu: \u4fbf\u5229\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea. Nepou\u017e\u00edvejte \u306a p\u0159ed \u3067\u3059 ani jej automaticky nezachov\u00e1vejte v z\u00e1poru nebo minul\u00e9m \u010dase.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-f8369f77c5a8b\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak d\u00e1t p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no do z\u00e1porn\u00e9ho tvaru?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>V jednoduch\u00e9m tvaru se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044, jako \u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044. Ve zdvo\u0159il\u00e9m stylu jsou \u010dast\u00e9 \u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059 a form\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativa \u9759\u304b\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-af186608aca01\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak d\u00e1t p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no do minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>V jednoduch\u00e9m kladn\u00e9m tvaru pou\u017eijte \u3060\u3063\u305f: \u9759\u304b\u3060\u3063\u305f. Ve zdvo\u0159il\u00e9m tvaru pou\u017eijte \u3067\u3057\u305f: \u9759\u304b\u3067\u3057\u305f. Minul\u00fd z\u00e1por m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f nebo \u9759\u304b\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-c2301599630ce\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny i a na?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na \u3044 si zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u3044 p\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tvary jako \u304f\u306a\u3044 a \u304b\u3063\u305f. P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na \u306a dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u306a p\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vzory jako \u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044, \u3060\u3063\u305f, \u3067 a \u306b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dte se rozpozn\u00e1vat a pou\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v japon\u0161tin\u011b, tvo\u0159it z\u00e1por a minul\u00fd \u010das, spojovat pomoc\u00ed \u3067 a vyjad\u0159ovat zm\u011bnu pomoc\u00ed \u306b.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1714,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76,49,70],"tags":[69,27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1713","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-adjetivos-japoneses","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1713","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1713"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4413,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1713\/revisions\/4413"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1714"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1713"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1713"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}