{"id":1741,"date":"2009-11-03T05:32:55","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1741"},"modified":"2018-03-18T22:21:37","modified_gmt":"2018-03-19T01:21:37","slug":"slovesa-aru-e-iru-v-japonstine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/verbos-aru-e-iru-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Slovesa aru a iru v japon\u0161tin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"c0799bc3a0e94be098a47dd4bca28a45\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Dal\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti o\u00a0<strong>slovesa aru a iru v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Slovesa\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0jsou v japon\u0161tin\u011b dv\u011b slovesa, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed stejn\u00fd v\u00fdznam a mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eita stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma slovesy spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, pokud je podm\u011btem v\u011bty osoba nebo zv\u00ed\u0159e (\u017eiv\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt :D), a\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, kdy\u017e je podm\u011btem v\u011bty n\u011bco ne\u017eiv\u00e9ho nebo ne\u017eiv\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt.<\/p>\n<h2>Slovesa aru a iru v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>Tento rozd\u00edl si dob\u0159e zapamatujte, proto\u017ee je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zn\u00e1t rozd\u00edl mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma slovesy od.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/\">Japonsk\u00fd jazyk<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Proto\u017ee jsem se zat\u00edm nezm\u00ednil o pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b jejich \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed a um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u011b, vyu\u017eiji tento \u010dl\u00e1nek k p\u0159edstaven\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch pojm\u016f a ot\u00e1zek, kter\u00e9 teprve p\u0159ijdou.<\/p>\n<h2>Shrnut\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>Podle japonsk\u00e9 gramatiky se slovesa v japon\u0161tin\u011b objevuj\u00ed v\u017edy na konci v\u011bty, co\u017e jim d\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed strukturu.\u00a0<strong>subjekt+objekt nebo predik\u00e1t+sloveso<\/strong>. Co\u017e je zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 od na\u0161\u00ed portugal\u0161tiny, kde m\u00e1me\u00a0<strong>podm\u011bt+sloveso+predik\u00e1t<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad v portugal\u0161tin\u011b bychom m\u011bli:<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ed\u0161u dopis (podm\u011bt + sloveso + p\u0159\u00edsudek nebo p\u0159edm\u011bt).<\/p>\n<p>Zat\u00edmco v japon\u0161tin\u011b by stejn\u00e1 v\u011bta zn\u011bla:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi wa tegami o kaku - I dopis ps\u00e1t\">\u79c1\u306f\u624b\u7d19\u3092\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0(podm\u011bt + p\u0159\u00edsudek nebo p\u0159edm\u011bt + sloveso)<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161imn\u011bte si, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd prvek v\u011bty je v japon\u0161tin\u011b spojen \u010d\u00e1stic\u00ed, kter\u00e1 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, kdo je subjektem v\u011bty, objektem (p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm nebo nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm) a kde je sloveso. Tuto strukturu si dob\u0159e zapamatujte, proto\u017ee se v japon\u0161tin\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 prakticky v ka\u017ed\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>V p\u0159edchoz\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch jsem napsal dv\u011b t\u00e9mata, ve kter\u00fdch jsem se zm\u00ednil o z\u00e1kladn\u00edm pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stic. Pokud v\u00e1s to zaj\u00edm\u00e1, doporu\u010duji p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst si n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky:<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice v japon\u0161tin\u011b\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/zakladni-castice-v-japonstine\/\">Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\u010c\u00e1stice na konci v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/konec-vety-castic-v-japonstine\/\">\u010c\u00e1stice na konci v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>O \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>V japon\u0161tin\u011b existuj\u00ed pouze t\u0159i slovesn\u00e9 \u010dasy: p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd, minul\u00fd, p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd z\u00e1porn\u00fd a minul\u00fd z\u00e1porn\u00fd. Budouc\u00ed \u010das se obvykle realizuje pomoc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed struktury v\u011bty, obvykle s pou\u017eit\u00edm p\u0159\u00edslovc\u00ed \u010dasu. To je v\u0161ak t\u00e9ma pro kurz japon\u0161tiny pro st\u0159edn\u011b pokro\u010dil\u00e9, kter\u00fd bude brzy k dispozici.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed dobrou zpr\u00e1vou o slovesech v japon\u0161tin\u011b je, \u017ee jsou nem\u011bnn\u00e1. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nem\u011bn\u00ed tvar podle \u010d\u00edsla (mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo), rodu (\u017eensk\u00fd nebo mu\u017esk\u00fd) nebo osoby (prvn\u00ed osoba jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla, mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo atd.). Slovesa budou fungovat podobn\u011b jako nap\u0159.\u00a0<a title=\"Podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v japon\u0161tin\u011b\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/podstatna-jmena-v-japonstine\/\">podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160patnou zpr\u00e1vou je, \u017ee japonsk\u00fd jazyk je form\u00e1ln\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pro ka\u017ed\u00fd slovesn\u00fd \u010das budeme m\u00edt dv\u011b konjugace: jednu ve form\u00e1ln\u00edm a jednu v neform\u00e1ln\u00edm modu. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 sloveso v japon\u0161tin\u011b m\u00e1 minim\u00e1ln\u011b osm konjugac\u00ed a n\u011bkter\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed tvary, jako nap\u0159. tvar mashou, tzv.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/sloveso-v-japonstine\/\">zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm te<\/a>\u00a0a n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Nebojte se, i kdy\u017e to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt trochu d\u011bsiv\u00e9, japonsk\u00e1 slovesa jsou jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e si v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed mysl\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Neform\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u016fsob aru a iru<\/h3>\n<p>Neform\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u016fsob sloves se v japon\u0161tin\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/neformalni-zpusoby-sloves-v-japonstine\/\">slovn\u00edkov\u00e1 forma<\/a>. Stalo se tak zn\u00e1m\u00fdm proto, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed formu sloves pou\u017e\u00edvanou v japonsk\u00fdch slovn\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0ve slovn\u00edkov\u00e9 podob\u011b jsou uvedeny v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulce:<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\" align=\"center\">\n<caption><strong>Aru a Iru slovesa ve slovn\u00edkov\u00e9m tvaru<\/strong><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th width=\"26%\">\u010casov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves<\/th>\n<th width=\"37%\">Aru Sloveso konjugace<\/th>\n<th width=\"37%\">Iru Sloveso konjugace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>P\u0159\u00edtomnost kladn\u00e1<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"aru\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"iru\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#f2f2f2\">\n<td>Minulost kladn\u00e1<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"atta\">\u3042\u3063\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"itta\">\u3044\u3063\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>P\u0159\u00edtomnost negativn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"nai\">\u306a\u3044<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"inai\">\u3044\u306a\u3044<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#f2f2f2\">\n<td>Negativn\u00ed minulost<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"nakatta\">\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"inakatta\">\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Tento typ konjugace velmi p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 konjugaci slovesa\u00a0<a title=\"P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v japon\u0161tin\u011b\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/japonska-pridavna-jmena\/\">p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>. Nen\u00ed to tak?<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Form\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u016fsob aru a iru<\/h3>\n<p>Form\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u016fsob sloves se v japon\u0161tin\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/tvar-masu-japonskych-sloves\/\">formul\u00e1\u0159 masu<\/a>. Sv\u016fj n\u00e1zev dostal proto, \u017ee v\u0161echna slovesa \u010dasovan\u00e1 v tomto slovesn\u00e9m \u010dase maj\u00ed koncovku\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>v jeho psan\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0ve tvaru masu jsou uvedeny v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulce:<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\" align=\"center\">\n<caption><strong>Slovesa Aru a Iru ve tvaru masu<\/strong><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u010casov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves<\/th>\n<th>Aru Sloveso konjugace<\/th>\n<th>Iru Sloveso konjugace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>P\u0159\u00edtomnost kladn\u00e1<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"arimasu\">\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"imasu\">\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#f2f2f2\">\n<td>Minulost kladn\u00e1<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"arimashita\">\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"imashita\">\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>P\u0159\u00edtomnost negativn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"arimasen\">\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"imasen\">\u3044\u307e\u305e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#f2f2f2\">\n<td>Negativn\u00ed minulost<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"arimasen deshita\">\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"imasen deshita\">\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Jak pou\u017e\u00edvat aru a iru v japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n<p>Ne\u017e za\u010dnu uv\u00e1d\u011bt p\u0159\u00edklady pou\u017eit\u00ed sloves\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0v japon\u0161tin\u011b, je t\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee tato dv\u011b slovesa se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed s.\u00a0<a title=\"Ukazovac\u00ed z\u00e1jmena v japon\u0161tin\u011b\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/pronomes-demonstrativos-em-japones\/\">ukazovac\u00ed z\u00e1jmena v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>. Proto doporu\u010duji p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst si i tento \u010dl\u00e1nek.<\/p>\n<p>Jako\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0mohou m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdznamy v z\u00e1vislosti na kontextu v\u011bty, pokus\u00edm se pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edklady pro nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamy t\u011bchto dvou sloves.<\/p>\n<h3>Slovesa aru a iru s v\u00fdznamem existovat<\/h3>\n<p>Kdy\u017e pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0s v\u00fdznamem existovat, m\u016f\u017eeme vyu\u017e\u00edt velmi jednoduch\u00fd vzor v\u011bty japonsk\u00e9ho jazyka:\u00a0<strong>ukazovac\u00ed z\u00e1jmeno +\u00a0<acronym title=\"ni - Indik\u00e1tor m\u00edsta \u010c\u00e1stice\">\u306b<\/acronym>\u00a0+ p\u0159edm\u011bt +\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga - p\u0159edm\u011btov\u00e1 ukazovac\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice\">\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0+ iru\/aru<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"koko ni sakana ga iru - Tady jsou ryby.\">\u3053\u3053<span class=\"orange\">\u306b<\/span>\u9b5a<span class=\"orange\">\u304c<\/span>\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"soko ni pen ga arimasu - Tam je pero.\">\u305d\u3053<span class=\"orange\">\u306b<\/span>\u30da\u30f3<span class=\"orange\">\u304c<\/span>\u3042\u308a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Ve v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me sloveso\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0od\u00a0<acronym title=\"sakana - ryba\">\u9b5a<\/acronym>\u00a0je \u017eiv\u00e1 bytost. Ve druh\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me form\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u016fsob\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>jako\u00a0<acronym title=\"pero - pero\">\u30da\u30f3<\/acronym>\u00a0nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n<h3>Slovesa aru a iru s v\u00fdznamem b\u00fdt<\/h3>\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0s v\u00fdznamem byt\u00ed, ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edsto, m\u016f\u017eeme pou\u017e\u00edt jin\u00fd vzor v\u011bty:\u00a0<strong>p\u0159edm\u011bt +\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa - \u010d\u00e1stice indik\u00e1toru t\u00e9matu\/p\u0159edm\u011btu\">\u306f<\/acronym>\u00a0+ p\u0159\u00edslovce m\u00edsta +\u00a0<acronym title=\"ni - z\u00e1stupn\u00fd symbol\">\u306b<\/acronym>\u00a0+ aru\/iru.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"yamadasan wa ie ni imasen deshita - Pan Yamada nebyl doma.\">\u5c71\u7530\u3055\u3093<span class=\"orange\">\u306f<\/span>\u5bb6<span class=\"orange\">\u306b<\/span>\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"hon wa teeburu no ue ni nai - Kniha nen\u00ed na stole.\">\u672c<span class=\"orange\">\u306f<\/span>\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u306e\u4e0a<span class=\"orange\">\u306b<\/span>\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Slovesa aru a iru s v\u00fdznamem m\u00edt nebo vlastnit<\/h3>\n<p>A\u010dkoli to nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \"spr\u00e1vn\u00fd\" zp\u016fsob pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>B\u011b\u017en\u011b se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s v\u011btami, kter\u00e9 se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed t\u00edmto modelem:\u00a0<strong>p\u0159edm\u011bt\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa - t\u00e9ma \u010d\u00e1stice.\">\u306f<\/acronym>\u00a0objekt nebo predik\u00e1t\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga - p\u0159edm\u011btov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stice\">\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0aru\/iru<\/strong>. V t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech,\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0Z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00fdznam toho, \u017ee n\u011bco maj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"boku wa conpyuuta ga arimasu - M\u00e1m po\u010d\u00edta\u010d.\">\u50d5<span class=\"orange\">\u306f<\/span>\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf<span class=\"orange\">\u304c<\/span>\u3042\u308a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"satomi-chan wa inu ga iru ne? - Satomi m\u00e1 psa, \u017ee?\">\u91cc\u7f8e\u3061\u3083\u3093<span class=\"orange\">\u306f<\/span>\u72ac<span class=\"orange\">\u304c<\/span>\u3044\u308b\u306d\uff1f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>A\u010dkoli se b\u011b\u017en\u011b setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s v\u011btami, jako jsou v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady, je lep\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat slovesa\u00a0<acronym title=\"motsu - m\u00edt, vlastnit\">\u6301\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0pro objekty a\u00a0<acronym title=\"kau - m\u00edt a vlastnit, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se u zv\u00ed\u0159at, starat se o n\u011b, chovat je\">\u98fc\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0pro zv\u00ed\u0159ata nam\u00edsto pou\u017eit\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011brem<\/h2>\n<p>Kdy pou\u017e\u00edvat slovesa\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>v\u017edy v\u011bnujte pozornost v\u00fdznamu v\u011bty. Velmi \u010dasto se st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee studenti japon\u0161tiny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tato slovesa pouze podle p\u0159edm\u011btu a zapom\u00ednaj\u00ed na v\u00fdznam v\u011bty. I j\u00e1 jsem se v tom m\u00fdlil.<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"sakanaya ni sakana ga arimasu. - V obchod\u011b s rybami jsou ryby (mrtv\u00e9 a bez \u017eivota).\">\u9b5a\u5c4b\u306b\u9b5a\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"V oce\u00e1nu jsou (\u017eiv\u00e9) ryby.\">\u6d77\u6d0b\u306b\u9b5a\u304c\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Rozd\u00edl mezi ob\u011bma v\u011btami je ve v\u00fdznamu, nikoli ve slovech. V obchod\u011b s rybami jsou mrtv\u00e9 ryby ke konzumaci a v mo\u0159i plavou \u017eiv\u00e9 ryby. Proto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0v jedn\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b a\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - b\u00fdt, existovat, m\u00edt a b\u00fdt\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0v druh\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<h2>Cvi\u010den\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edho psan\u00ed kand\u017ei<\/h2>\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-napsat-japonska-pismena-kandzi\/\">Japonsk\u00e9 ideografick\u00e9 symboly<\/a>\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. V\u00fdb\u011br po\u017eadovan\u00fdch kand\u017ei zkop\u00edrujte a vlo\u017ete je do pole\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pracovn\u00ed list pro procvi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed kany a kand\u017ei<\/a>\u00a0otev\u0159e se nov\u00e9 okno, ve kter\u00e9m si m\u016f\u017eete prohl\u00e9dnout soubor k vytisknut\u00ed a procvi\u010dit si japonskou kaligrafii zakryt\u00edm \u0161ed\u00fdch symbol\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm pokusem o vlastn\u00ed psan\u00ed. Sta\u010d\u00ed vytisknout a procvi\u010dovat.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 141px\" border=\"0\" width=\"456\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u79c1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u624b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u7d19<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u66f8<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u9b5a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5c71<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u7530<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5bb6<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u672c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u4e0a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u50d5<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u7f8e<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u91cc<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6301<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u72ac<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98fc<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5c4b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6d77<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6d0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o japonsk\u00fdch slovesech aru a iru! Slovesa \u3042\u308b a \u3044\u308b jsou dv\u011b japonsk\u00e1 slovesa, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed stejn\u00fd v\u00fdznam a mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eita stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma slovesy<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1742,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/verbos-aru-e-iru-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2359,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/quando-usar-a-particula-ga\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":0},"title":"Kdy pou\u017e\u00edt \u010d\u00e1stici GA","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"24 de Listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Decidir quando usar a part\u00edcula GA ou qualquer outra part\u00edcula n\u00e3o \u00e9 quest\u00e3o de seguir uma regra. A resposta para esta quest\u00e3o depende de muitos fatores usados na constru\u00e7\u00e3o das frases e das outras part\u00edculas que usamos dentro de uma mesma senten\u00e7a. Em alguns casos, isso parece ser mais quest\u00e3o\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201ePart\u00edculas em Japon\u00eas\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Part\u00edculas em Japon\u00eas","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/particulas-em-japones\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Quando usar a part\u00edcula GA","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/quando-usar-a-particula-ga.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/quando-usar-a-particula-ga.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/quando-usar-a-particula-ga.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2132,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/forma-potencial-dos-verbos-japoneses\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":1},"title":"Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed tvar japonsk\u00fdch sloves","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"4 de Listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda mais sobre\u00a0a forma potencial dos verbos japoneses! A estrat\u00e9gia de usar a express\u00e3o\u00a0\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u00a0\u00e9 apenas um caminho para expressar a capacidade de exercer uma habilidade. Por isso,\u00a0\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u00a0\u00e9 considerado um caminho de uso rotineiro e informal, voltado para conversas mais casuais. A forma potencial dos verbos japoneses Em ocasi\u00f5es onde precisamos\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eCurso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"a forma potencial dos verbos japoneses","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/forma-potencial-dos-verbos-japoneses.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1785,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/forma-te-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":2},"title":"Tvar TE sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de Listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Conhe\u00e7a mais sobre a forma TE dos verbos em japon\u00eas! Hoje vamos conhecer a forma\u00a0\u3066dos verbos em japon\u00eas. A forma\u00a0\u3066\u00a0\u00e9 interessante porque n\u00e3o indica um tempo verbal por si mesmo, mas combinado com outros verbos, pode criar express\u00f5es em tempos verbais diferentes do que vimos at\u00e9 agora. 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Est\u00e1 p\u00e1gina funciona como um guia de estudos para o curso de japon\u00eas gr\u00e1tis do L\u00edngua Japonesa, onde qualquer interessado poder\u00e1 aprender japon\u00eas online gratuitamente. 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