{"id":1756,"date":"2009-11-03T05:41:50","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1756"},"modified":"2018-03-12T00:15:39","modified_gmt":"2018-03-12T03:15:39","slug":"masu-forma-sloves-v-japonstine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/forma-masu-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Masu slovesn\u00e9 tvary v japon\u0161tin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Seznamte se <strong>masu-forma japonsk\u00fdch sloves<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Pokud jsme v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku objevili jeden\u00a0<a title=\"Neform\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesn\u00fd zp\u016fsob v japon\u0161tin\u011b\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/neformalni-zpusoby-sloves-v-japonstine\/\">neform\u00e1ln\u00ed tvar japonsk\u00fdch sloves<\/a>, v dne\u0161n\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku se sezn\u00e1m\u00edme s form\u00e1ln\u00edm stylem, kter\u00fd se v japon\u0161tin\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201emasu\u201c.<\/p>\n<h2>Masu slovesn\u00e9 tvary v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>Jak jsme ji\u017e zm\u00ednili v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch, japonsk\u00fd jazyk, na rozd\u00edl od mnoha jin\u00fdch jazyk\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b, vykazuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 stupn\u011b form\u00e1lnosti. Existuj\u00ed tedy slova, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v ur\u010dit\u00fdch situac\u00edch, ale v jin\u00fdch nikoli. Tento jev se ozna\u010duje jako stupn\u011b form\u00e1lnosti a stejn\u011b jako mnoho jin\u00fdch slov se i japonsk\u00e1 slovesa t\u00edmto jevem \u0159\u00edd\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"orange\">Naje\u010fte na japonsk\u00e9 symboly a zobrazte jejich v\u00fdslovnost a p\u0159eklad.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010casov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>Abychom mohli \u010dasovat japonsk\u00e1 slovesa ve tvaru \u201emasu\u201c, je nutn\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, jak slovesa rozd\u011blit do skupin, a dob\u0159e zn\u00e1t rodiny znak\u016f hiragana a katakana. Pravidla pro \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed japonsk\u00fdch sloves se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na jednotliv\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch sloves.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud si to nepamatujete nebo se chcete dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o tom, jak se slovesa d\u011bl\u00ed do skupin, doporu\u010duji si p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst \u010dl\u00e1nek \u201c<a title=\"Japonsk\u00e9 slovesn\u00e9 skupiny\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/grupos-de-verbos-em-japones\/\">Skupiny sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>\u201c.<\/p>\n<h2>P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch sloves<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b se tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm koncovky\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho ze sloves, kter\u00e1 se vyskytuj\u00ed v\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/\">Japonsk\u00fd jazyk<\/a>. To se v\u0161ak ned\u011bl\u00e1 jen tak, obvykle se to li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na slovesn\u00e9 skupin\u011b.<\/p>\n<h3>Skupina sloves kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na \u201eu\u201c<\/h3>\n<p>Sklon\u011bn\u00ed japonsk\u00fdch sloves kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na \u201eu\u201c bude nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, proto\u017ee sklo\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed slovesa se m\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na jeho koncovce.<\/p>\n<p>Strategi\u00ed je zapamatovat si v\u0161echny rodiny hiragana tak, \u017ee u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho slovesa, jeho\u017e posledn\u00ed slabika kon\u010d\u00ed na hl\u00e1sku \u201cu\u201d, nahrad\u00edme tuto slabiku slabikou ze stejn\u00e9 rodiny kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed na hl\u00e1sku \u201ci\u201d a p\u0159id\u00e1me koncovku\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0po n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud tedy sloveso kon\u010d\u00ed na\u00a0<acronym title=\"mu\">\u3080<\/acronym>, bude zm\u011bn\u011bn na\u00a0<acronym title=\"mi\">\u307f<\/acronym>\u00a0+\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>; pokud kon\u010d\u00ed na\u00a0<acronym title=\"tsu\">\u3064<\/acronym>, bude se nov\u011b naz\u00fdvat\u00a0<acronym title=\"chi\">\u3061<\/acronym>\u00a0+\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>; pokud kon\u010d\u00ed na\u00a0<acronym title=\"ku\">\u304f<\/acronym>, bude se nov\u011b naz\u00fdvat\u00a0<acronym title=\"ki\">\u304d<\/acronym>\u00a0+\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a tak d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"matsu | wait\">\u5f85\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasu | wait\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kau | koupit\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasu | koupit\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaku | napsat\">\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasu | napsat\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaeru | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasu | zp\u011bt\">Jdu dom\u016f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"nomu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u3080<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasu | p\u00edt\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"shinu | die\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasu | zem\u0159\u00edt\">Zem\u0159u<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina sloves kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na iru a eru<\/h3>\n<p>Toto je nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed skupina, co se t\u00fd\u010de \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed. Sta\u010d\u00ed nahradit koncovku \u201eru\u201c na\u0161\u00ed koncovkou.\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>. Pod\u00edvejte se na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"taberu | eat\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"tabemasu | j\u00edst\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"miru | viz\">\u898b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasu | zobrazit\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"oshieru | u\u010dit\">u\u010dit<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasu | u\u010dit\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"okiru | probudit se\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasu | probudit se\">Vstanu<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina nepravideln\u00fdch sloves<\/h3>\n<p>Tato skupina nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pravidla pro \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed. Je lep\u0161\u00ed si na ka\u017edou z nich postupn\u011b zvykat.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasu | d\u011blat\">\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kuru | vir\">\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasu | p\u0159ij\u00edt\">\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Form\u00e1ln\u00ed minul\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch sloves<\/h2>\n<p>Jeliko\u017e ji\u017e v\u00edme, jak tvo\u0159it formu \u201emasu\u201c v form\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase, budeme se nyn\u00ed zab\u00fdvat odvozen\u00edm form\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu pro ostatn\u00ed slovesn\u00e9 \u010dasy v japon\u0161tin\u011b. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b form\u00e1ln\u00edho minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu je to jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed pouze jedn\u00edm pravidlem.<\/p>\n<p>Sta\u010d\u00ed vz\u00edt v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e1 slovesa v form\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase a vym\u011bnit slabiku\u00a0<acronym title=\"s\">\u3059<\/acronym>, kter\u00e1 se vyskytuje na konci v\u0161ech sloves, a to v roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 form\u011b\u00a0<acronym title=\"shita\">\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>. N\u00ed\u017ee si prohl\u00e9dn\u011bte p\u0159\u00edklady rozd\u011blen\u00e9 do skupin.<\/p>\n<h3>Skupina japonsk\u00fdch sloves kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na \u201eu\u201c<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"matsu | wait\">\u5f85\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasu | wait\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimashita | \u010dekal\">\u010cekal jsem<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kau | koupit\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasu | koupit\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimashita | zakoupil\">Koupil jsem to<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaku | napsat\">\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasu | napsat\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimashita | napsal\">Napsal jsem<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaeru | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasu | zp\u011bt\">Jdu dom\u016f<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimashita | vr\u00e1til se\">Vr\u00e1til jsem se<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"nomu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u3080<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasu | p\u00edt\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimashita | vypil\">Vypil jsem to<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"shinu | die\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasu | zem\u0159\u00edt\">Zem\u0159u<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimashita | zem\u0159el\">Zem\u0159el<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina sloves kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na iru a eru<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"taberu | eat\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"tabemasu | j\u00edst\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"tabemashita | ate\">Sn\u011bdl jsem to<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"miru | viz\">\u898b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasu | zobrazit\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimashita | vid\u011bl\">Vid\u011bl jsem to<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"oshieru | u\u010dit\">u\u010dit<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasu | u\u010dit\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemashita | nau\u010dil\">Nau\u010dil jsem ho<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"okiru | probudit se\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasu | probudit se\">Vstanu<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimashita | probudil se\">Vstal jsem<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina nepravideln\u00fdch sloves<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasu | d\u011blat\">\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimashita | ud\u011blal\">ud\u011blal jsem to<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kuru | vir\">\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasu | p\u0159ij\u00edt\">\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimashita | p\u0159i\u0161el\">P\u0159i\u0161el<\/acronym><br \/>\n<!--Ads10--><\/p>\n<h2>Form\u00e1ln\u00ed negace p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>Negativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch sloves se tak\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed podle jedin\u00e9ho pravidla, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se z nich odvozuje negativn\u00ed minul\u00fd \u010das sloves konjugovan\u00fdch v form\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sta\u010d\u00ed vz\u00edt slovesa v form\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase a vym\u011bnit slabiku\u00a0<acronym title=\"s\">\u3059<\/acronym>, kter\u00e1 se vyskytuje na konci v\u0161ech sloves, a to v roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 form\u011b\u00a0<acronym title=\"sen\">\u305b\u3093<\/acronym>. N\u00ed\u017ee si prohl\u00e9dn\u011bte p\u0159\u00edklady rozd\u011blen\u00e9 do skupin.<\/p>\n<h3>Skupina japonsk\u00fdch sloves kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na \u201eu\u201c<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"matsu | wait\">\u5f85\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasu | wait\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasen | ne\u010dekat\">Nebudu \u010dekat<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kau | koupit\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasu | koupit\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasen | nekupovat\">Nekoup\u00edm to<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaku | napsat\">\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasu | napsat\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasen | nepsat\">Nep\u00ed\u0161u<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaeru | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasu | zp\u011bt\">Jdu dom\u016f<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasen | nevracet se\">Nevr\u00e1t\u00edm se<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"nomu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u3080<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasu | p\u00edt\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasen | nep\u00edt\">Nepiju<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"shinu | die\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasu | zem\u0159\u00edt\">Zem\u0159u<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasen | nezem\u0159\u00edt\">Neum\u0159u<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina sloves kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na iru a eru<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"taberu | eat\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"tabemasu | j\u00edst\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"tabemasen | nej\u00edst\">Nej\u00edm<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"miru | viz\">\u898b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasu | zobrazit\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasen | nezobrazit\">Nevid\u00edm<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"oshieru | u\u010dit\">u\u010dit<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasu | u\u010dit\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasen | neu\u010dit\">To v\u00e1m ne\u0159eknu<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"okiru | probudit se\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasu | probudit se\">Vstanu<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasen | neprobudit se\">Nevstanu<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina nepravideln\u00fdch sloves<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasu | d\u011blat\">\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasen | ned\u011blat\">nebudu<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kuru | vir\">\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasu | p\u0159ij\u00edt\">\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasen | nep\u0159ij\u00edt\">Nep\u0159ijde<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Form\u00e1ln\u00ed minul\u00fd \u010das sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>Form\u00e1ln\u00ed minul\u00fd \u010das je posledn\u00ed \u010dasov\u00fd tvar\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a \u0159\u00edd\u00ed se stejn\u00fdm pravidlem jako p\u0159edchoz\u00ed konjugace, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e slovesa se v\u017edy odvozuj\u00ed od form\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu.<\/p>\n<p>Tentokr\u00e1t si vym\u011bn\u00edme slabiku\u00a0<acronym title=\"s\">\u3059<\/acronym>, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na konci v\u0161ech sloves \u010dasovan\u00fdch v form\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase, a to na z\u00e1klad\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\" sen deshita\">nebylo<\/acronym>. N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny p\u0159\u00edklady rozd\u011blen\u00e9 do skupin.<\/p>\n<h3>Skupina japonsk\u00fdch sloves kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na \u201eu\u201c<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"matsu | wait\">\u5f85\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasu | wait\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasen deshita | nepo\u010dkal\">Ne\u010dekal jsem<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kau | koupit\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasu | koupit\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasen deshita | nekoupil\">Nekoupil jsem to<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaku | napsat\">\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasu | napsat\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasen deshita | nenapsal\">Nenapsal jsem to<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaeru | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasu | zp\u011bt\">Jdu dom\u016f<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasen deshita | nevr\u00e1til se\">Nevr\u00e1til se<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"nomu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u3080<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasu | p\u00edt\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasen deshita | nepil\">Nevypil jsem to<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"shinu | die\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasu | zem\u0159\u00edt\">Zem\u0159u<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasen deshita | nezem\u0159el\">Neum\u0159el<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina sloves kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na iru a eru<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"taberu | eat\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"tabemasu | j\u00edst\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"tabemasen deshita | nejedl\">Nejedl jsem<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"miru | viz\">\u898b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasu | zobrazit\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasen deshita | nevid\u011bl jsem to\">Nevid\u011bl jsem to<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"oshieru | u\u010dit\">u\u010dit<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasu | u\u010dit\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasen deshita | neu\u010dil\">Ne\u0159ekl jsem to<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"okiru | probudit se\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasu | probudit se\">Vstanu<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasen deshita | neprobudil se\">Nestalo se to<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina nepravideln\u00fdch sloves<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasu | d\u011blat\">\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasen deshita | neud\u011blal to\">neud\u011blal jsem to<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kuru | vir\">\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasu | p\u0159ij\u00edt\">\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasen deshita | nep\u0159i\u0161el\">Nep\u0159i\u0161el<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Jak pou\u017e\u00edvat japonsk\u00e1 slovesa ve tvaru \u201emasu\u201c<\/h2>\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 sloveso v japon\u0161tin\u011b se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed na konci v\u011bty, podle obecn\u00e9ho vzorce: podm\u011bt + p\u0159edm\u011bt (p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd nebo nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fd) + sloveso. Nezapome\u0148te jen pou\u017e\u00edt spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, proto\u017ee bez nich by v\u011bty ned\u00e1valy v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd smysl. Jasn\u00e9?<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi wa atarashii kuruma o kaimashita. | Koupil jsem si nov\u00e9 auto.\">Koupil jsem si nov\u00e9 auto.<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kare wa pan o tabemasu | On j\u00ed chl\u00e9b.\">On j\u00ed chl\u00e9b.<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"ashita, kanojo wa nihon e ikimasu. | Z\u00edtra odj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed do Japonska.\">Z\u00edtra odj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed do Japonska.<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"watashitachi wa burajiru kara kimasen deshita | Nep\u0159i\u0161li jsme z Braz\u00edlie.\">Nep\u0159i\u0161li jsme z Braz\u00edlie.<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Cvi\u010den\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edho psan\u00ed kand\u017ei<\/h2>\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-napsat-japonska-pismena-kandzi\/\">Japonsk\u00e9 ideografick\u00e9 symboly<\/a>\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. V\u00fdb\u011br po\u017eadovan\u00fdch kand\u017ei zkop\u00edrujte a vlo\u017ete je do pole\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pracovn\u00ed list pro procvi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed kany a kand\u017ei<\/a>\u00a0otev\u0159e se nov\u00e9 okno, ve kter\u00e9m si m\u016f\u017eete prohl\u00e9dnout soubor k vytisknut\u00ed a procvi\u010dit si japonskou kaligrafii zakryt\u00edm \u0161ed\u00fdch symbol\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm pokusem o vlastn\u00ed psan\u00ed. Sta\u010d\u00ed vytisknout a procvi\u010dovat.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 133px\" border=\"0\" width=\"464\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5f85<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8cb7<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u66f8<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5e30<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98f2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6b7b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98df<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u898b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6559<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8d77<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6765<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u79c1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u65b0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8eca<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5f7c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u660e<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u65e5<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5973<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u672c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Poznejte tvar masu japonsk\u00fdch sloves! Jestli\u017ee jsme v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku objevili neform\u00e1ln\u00ed tvar japonsk\u00fdch sloves, v dne\u0161n\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku se sezn\u00e1m\u00edme s form\u00e1ln\u00edm tvarem, kter\u00fd se v japon\u0161tin\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1 tvar masu. Tvar<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1758,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1756"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1756\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}