{"id":1756,"date":"2009-11-03T05:41:50","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1756"},"modified":"2018-03-12T00:15:39","modified_gmt":"2018-03-12T03:15:39","slug":"tvar-masu-japonskych-sloves","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/forma-masu-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Masu slovesn\u00e9 tvary v japon\u0161tin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"c0799bc3a0e94be098a47dd4bca28a45\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Seznamte se <strong>tvar masu japonsk\u00fdch sloves<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>V p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku jsme objevili\u00a0<a title=\"Neform\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesn\u00fd zp\u016fsob v japon\u0161tin\u011b\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/neformalni-zpusoby-sloves-v-japonstine\/\">neform\u00e1ln\u00ed japonsk\u00e1 slovesa<\/a>, V dne\u0161n\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku se sezn\u00e1m\u00edme s form\u00e1ln\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00e9mu se v japon\u0161tin\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 forma masu.<\/p>\n<h2>Masu slovesn\u00e9 tvary v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>Jak jsme ji\u017e zm\u00ednili v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch, japon\u0161tina m\u00e1 na rozd\u00edl od mnoha jin\u00fdch jazyk\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b hierarchick\u00e9 stupn\u011b. Proto existuj\u00ed slova, kter\u00e1 se za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed a za jin\u00fdch ne. Tento typ chov\u00e1n\u00ed je zn\u00e1m jako stupn\u011b form\u00e1lnosti a stejn\u011b jako mnoho jin\u00fdch slov, i japonsk\u00e1 slovesa jsou do tohoto chov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuta.<\/p>\n<p class=\"orange\">Naje\u010fte na japonsk\u00e9 symboly a zobrazte jejich v\u00fdslovnost a p\u0159eklad.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010casov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>Pro \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed japonsk\u00fdch sloves ve tvaru masu pot\u0159ebujete zn\u00e1t rozd\u011blen\u00ed sloves do skupin a zn\u00e1t rodiny hiragany a katakany. V z\u00e1vislosti na jednotliv\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch sloves se pravidla pro \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed japonsk\u00fdch sloves li\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud si nepamatujete nebo se chcete dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o tom, jak se slovesa d\u011bl\u00ed do skupin, doporu\u010duji v\u00e1m p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst si \u010dl\u00e1nek \u201c<a title=\"Japonsk\u00e9 slovesn\u00e9 skupiny\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/grupos-de-verbos-em-japones\/\">Skupiny sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>\u201c.<\/p>\n<h2>Form\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch sloves<\/h2>\n<p>Form\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch sloves se tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpony\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0v ka\u017ed\u00e9m ze sloves v\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/\">Japonsk\u00fd jazyk<\/a>. To se v\u0161ak ned\u011bje jedn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, obvykle se li\u0161\u00ed podle slovn\u00ed skupiny.<\/p>\n<h3>Skupina sloves kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na u<\/h3>\n<p>Nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed bude \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed japonsk\u00fdch sloves kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na u, proto\u017ee sklo\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves se m\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na jejich koncovce.<\/p>\n<p>Strategi\u00ed je zapamatovat si v\u0161echny rodiny hiragany, zm\u011bnit posledn\u00ed slabiku ka\u017ed\u00e9ho slovesa kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edho na \u201cu\u201d na slabiku t\u00e9\u017ee rodiny kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed na \u201ci\u201d a p\u0159idat p\u0159\u00edponu.\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0po n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud tedy sloveso kon\u010d\u00ed na\u00a0<acronym title=\"mu\">\u3080<\/acronym>, se zm\u011bn\u00ed na\u00a0<acronym title=\"mi\">\u307f<\/acronym>\u00a0+\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>; pokud kon\u010d\u00ed na\u00a0<acronym title=\"tsu\">\u3064<\/acronym>, se stane\u00a0<acronym title=\"chi\">\u3061<\/acronym>\u00a0+\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>; pokud kon\u010d\u00ed na\u00a0<acronym title=\"ku\">\u304f<\/acronym>, se stane\u00a0<acronym title=\"ki\">\u304d<\/acronym>\u00a0+\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a tak d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"matsu | wait\">\u5f85\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasu | wait\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kau | koupit\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasu | koupit\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaku | napsat\">\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasu | napsat\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaeru | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasu | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"nomu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u3080<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"shinu | die\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasu | die\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina sloves kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na iru a eru<\/h3>\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o nejsnadn\u011bji konjugovatelnou skupinu. Sta\u010d\u00ed vym\u011bnit koncovku ru za na\u0161e roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>. Sta\u010d\u00ed se pod\u00edvat na p\u0159\u00edklady n\u00ed\u017ee:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"taberu | eat\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"tabemasu | eat\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"miru | viz\">\u898b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasu | viz\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"oshieru | u\u010dit\">\u6559\u3048\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasu | u\u010dit\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"okiru | probu\u010fte se\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasu | probu\u010fte se\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina nepravideln\u00fdch sloves<\/h3>\n<p>Tato skupina nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 konjuga\u010dn\u00ed pravidla. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed je zvyknout si na ka\u017edou z nich postupn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasu | do\">\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kuru | vir\">\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasu | vir\">\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Form\u00e1ln\u00ed minul\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch sloves<\/h2>\n<p>Proto\u017ee ji\u017e v\u00edme, jak z\u00edskat tvar masu ve form\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase, budeme nyn\u00ed odvozovat form\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das pro ostatn\u00ed \u010dasy japonsk\u00fdch sloves. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b form\u00e1ln\u00edho minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu je v\u0161e jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee m\u00e1 pouze jedno pravidlo.<\/p>\n<p>Sta\u010d\u00ed vz\u00edt v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e1 slovesa ve form\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase a zm\u011bnit slabiku.\u00a0<acronym title=\"s\">\u3059<\/acronym>, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na konci v\u0161ech sloves, p\u0159\u00edponou\u00a0<acronym title=\"shita\">\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>. N\u00ed\u017ee najdete p\u0159\u00edklady rozd\u011blen\u00e9 podle skupin.<\/p>\n<h3>Skupina japonsk\u00fdch sloves kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na u<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"matsu | wait\">\u5f85\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasu | wait\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimashita | \u010dekal\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kau | koupit\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasu | koupit\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimashita | koupil\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaku | napsat\">\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasu | napsat\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimashita | napsal\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaeru | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasu | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimashita | vr\u00e1ceno\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"nomu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u3080<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimashita | pila\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"shinu | die\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasu | die\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimashita | zem\u0159el\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina sloves kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na iru a eru<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"taberu | eat\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"tabemasu | eat\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"tabemashita | ate\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"miru | viz\">\u898b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasu | viz\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimashita | pila\">\u898b\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"oshieru | u\u010dit\">\u6559\u3048\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasu | u\u010dit\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemashita | u\u010dil\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"okiru | probu\u010fte se\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasu | probu\u010fte se\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimashita | probudil se\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina nepravideln\u00fdch sloves<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasu | do\">\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimashita | fez\">\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kuru | vir\">\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasu | vir\">\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimashita | p\u0159i\u0161el\">\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Form\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1porn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch sloves<\/h2>\n<p>Z\u00e1porn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch sloves se tak\u00e9 realizuje pomoc\u00ed jedin\u00e9ho pravidla, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edskat z\u00e1porn\u00fd minul\u00fd \u010das sloves \u010dasovan\u00fdch ve form\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sta\u010d\u00ed vz\u00edt slovesa ve form\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase a zm\u011bnit hl\u00e1sku\u00a0<acronym title=\"s\">\u3059<\/acronym>, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na konci v\u0161ech sloves, p\u0159\u00edponou\u00a0<acronym title=\"sen\">\u305b\u3093<\/acronym>. N\u00ed\u017ee najdete p\u0159\u00edklady rozd\u011blen\u00e9 podle skupin.<\/p>\n<h3>Skupina japonsk\u00fdch sloves kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na u<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"matsu | wait\">\u5f85\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasu | wait\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasen | ne\u010dekejte\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kau | koupit\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasu | koupit\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasen | nekupovat\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaku | napsat\">\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasu | napsat\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasen | nepi\u0161te\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaeru | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasu | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasen | nevracet\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"nomu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u3080<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasen | nepijte\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"shinu | die\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasu | die\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasen | neum\u00edr\u00e1\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina sloves kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na iru a eru<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"taberu | eat\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"tabemasu | eat\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"tabemasen | nejezte\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"miru | viz\">\u898b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasu | viz\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasen | nevid\u00edm\">\u898b\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"oshieru | u\u010dit\">\u6559\u3048\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasu | u\u010dit\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasen | neu\u010dte\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"okiru | probu\u010fte se\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasu | probu\u010fte se\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasen | neprobouz\u00ed se\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina nepravideln\u00fdch sloves<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasu | do\">\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasen | ned\u011blat\">\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kuru | vir\">\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasu | vir\">\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasen | don&#039;t come\">\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Form\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1porn\u00fd minul\u00fd \u010das japonsk\u00fdch sloves<\/h2>\n<p>Form\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1porn\u00e1 minulost je posledn\u00edm \u010dasem tvaru\u00a0<acronym title=\"masu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a \u0159\u00edd\u00ed se stejn\u00fdm pravidlem jako p\u0159edchoz\u00ed konjugace, v\u017edy odvozuje slovesa od form\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu.<\/p>\n<p>Tentokr\u00e1t zm\u011b\u0148me slabiku\u00a0<acronym title=\"s\">\u3059<\/acronym>, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na konci v\u0161ech sloves \u010dasovan\u00fdch v p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase form\u00e1ln\u00edm, p\u0159\u00edponou\u00a0<acronym title=\" sen deshita\">\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>. N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny p\u0159\u00edklady rozd\u011blen\u00e9 podle skupin.<\/p>\n<h3>Skupina japonsk\u00fdch sloves kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na u<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"matsu | wait\">\u5f85\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasu | wait\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"machimasen deshita | didn&#039;t wait\">\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kau | koupit\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasu | koupit\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaimasen deshita | nekoupil\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaku | napsat\">\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasu | napsat\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak\u00a0<acronym title=\"kakimasen deshita | no napsal\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kaeru | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasu | n\u00e1vrat\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaerimasen deshita | not returned\">\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"nomu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u3080<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasu | n\u00e1poj\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"nomimasen deshita | nepila\">\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"shinu | die\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasu | die\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shinimasen deshita | not dead\">\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina sloves kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na iru a eru<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"taberu | eat\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"tabemasu | eat\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"tabemasen deshita | nejedl\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"miru | viz\">\u898b\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasu | viz\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"mimasen deshita | nevid\u011bno\">\u898b\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"oshieru | u\u010dit\">\u6559\u3048\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasu | u\u010dit\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"oshiemasen deshita | nen\u00ed vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\">\u6559\u3048\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"okiru | probu\u010fte se\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasu | probu\u010fte se\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"okimasen deshita | nen\u00ed vzh\u016fru\">\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Skupina nepravideln\u00fdch sloves<\/h3>\n<p><acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasu | do\">\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"shimasen deshita | nen\u00ed hotovo\">\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kuru | vir\">\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0oto\u010d\u00ed se na\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasu | vir\">\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0a pak se oto\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<acronym title=\"kimasen deshita | nep\u0159i\u0161el\">\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Jak pou\u017e\u00edvat japonsk\u00e1 slovesa ve tvaru masu<\/h2>\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako v\u0161echna slovesa v japon\u0161tin\u011b se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed na konci v\u011bty podle obecn\u00e9ho vzorce podm\u011bt + p\u0159edm\u011bt (p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd nebo nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fd) + sloveso. Jen nezapome\u0148te pou\u017e\u00edvat spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, proto\u017ee bez nich v\u011bty ned\u00e1vaj\u00ed smysl. Spr\u00e1vn\u011b?<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi wa atarashii kuruma o kaimashita. | Koupil jsem si nov\u00e9 auto.\">\u79c1\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8eca\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kare wa pan o tabemasu | J\u00ed chl\u00e9b.\">\u5f7c\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"ashita, kanojo wa nihon e ikimasu. Z\u00edtra jede do Japonska.\">\u660e\u65e5\u3001\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"watashitachi wa burajiru kara kimasen deshita | Nep\u0159ijeli jsme z Braz\u00edlie.\">\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Cvi\u010den\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edho psan\u00ed kand\u017ei<\/h2>\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-napsat-japonska-pismena-kandzi\/\">Japonsk\u00e9 ideografick\u00e9 symboly<\/a>\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. V\u00fdb\u011br po\u017eadovan\u00fdch kand\u017ei zkop\u00edrujte a vlo\u017ete je do pole\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pracovn\u00ed list pro procvi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed kany a kand\u017ei<\/a>\u00a0otev\u0159e se nov\u00e9 okno, ve kter\u00e9m si m\u016f\u017eete prohl\u00e9dnout soubor k vytisknut\u00ed a procvi\u010dit si japonskou kaligrafii zakryt\u00edm \u0161ed\u00fdch symbol\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm pokusem o vlastn\u00ed psan\u00ed. Sta\u010d\u00ed vytisknout a procvi\u010dovat.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 133px\" border=\"0\" width=\"464\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5f85<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8cb7<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u66f8<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5e30<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98f2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6b7b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98df<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u898b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6559<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8d77<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6765<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u79c1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u65b0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8eca<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5f7c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u660e<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u65e5<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5973<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u672c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Poznejte tvar masu japonsk\u00fdch sloves! Jestli\u017ee jsme v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku objevili neform\u00e1ln\u00ed tvar japonsk\u00fdch sloves, v dne\u0161n\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku se sezn\u00e1m\u00edme s form\u00e1ln\u00edm tvarem, kter\u00fd se v japon\u0161tin\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1 tvar masu. Tvar<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1758,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/forma-masu-dos-verbos-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1741,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/verbos-aru-e-iru-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1756,"position":0},"title":"Slovesa aru a iru v japon\u0161tin\u011b","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de Listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Conhe\u00e7a mais detalhes sobre\u00a0os verbos aru e iru em japon\u00eas! Os verbos\u00a0\u3042\u308b\u00a0e\u00a0\u3044\u308b\u00a0s\u00e3o dois verbos em japon\u00eas que possuem o mesmo significado e podem ser usados da mesma forma. A diferen\u00e7a b\u00e1sica entre estes dois verbos \u00e9 que\u00a0\u3044\u308b\u00a0\u00e9 usado quando o sujeito da frase \u00e9 uma pessoa ou animal (objeto animado\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eCurso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Os verbos aru e iru em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/verbos-aru-e-iru-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2132,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/forma-potencial-dos-verbos-japoneses\/","url_meta":{"origin":1756,"position":1},"title":"Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed tvar japonsk\u00fdch sloves","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"4 de Listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda mais sobre\u00a0a forma potencial dos verbos japoneses! A estrat\u00e9gia de usar a express\u00e3o\u00a0\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u00a0\u00e9 apenas um caminho para expressar a capacidade de exercer uma habilidade. Por isso,\u00a0\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u00a0\u00e9 considerado um caminho de uso rotineiro e informal, voltado para conversas mais casuais. A forma potencial dos verbos japoneses Em ocasi\u00f5es onde precisamos\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eCurso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"a forma potencial dos verbos japoneses","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/forma-potencial-dos-verbos-japoneses.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2103,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/verbos-em-japones-na-forma-tai\/","url_meta":{"origin":1756,"position":2},"title":"Japonsk\u00e1 slovesa ve tvaru TAI","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"4 de Listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Os verbos em japon\u00eas na forma TAI-\u00a0\u00a0\u305f\u3044\u00a0s\u00e3o usados para expressar o desejo de realizar uma atividade espec\u00edfica. Por causa disso, essa forma dos verbos em japon\u00eas se utiliza muito dos verbos de a\u00e7\u00e3o. Verbos em japon\u00eas na forma TAI O presente e os verbos na forma tai Para utilizar a\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eCurso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Verbos em japon\u00eas na forma TAI - \u8cb7\u3044\u305f\u3044","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/verbos-em-japones-na-forma-tai.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2144,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/forma-mashou-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1756,"position":3},"title":"Tvar slovesa ma\u0161\u00f3 v japon\u0161tin\u011b","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"4 de Listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"No artigo de hoje, vamos conhecer a forma mashou dos verbos em japon\u00eas. Uma conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o verbal que j\u00e1 usei v\u00e1rias vezes neste site. Ela \u00e9 uma express\u00e3o muito comum na\u00a0l\u00edngua japonesa\u00a0e \u00e9 bastante usada para fazer convites ou sugest\u00f5es. Apesar de n\u00e3o estar diretamente ligada ao futuro, a forma mashou\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eCurso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Forma mashou dos verbos em japon\u00eas - \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/forma-mashou-dos-verbos-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2089,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/expressoes-verbais-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1756,"position":4},"title":"Slovn\u00ed v\u00fdrazy v japon\u0161tin\u011b","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de Listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Conhe\u00e7a mais sobre as\u00a0express\u00f5es verbais em japon\u00eas! No artigo de hoje, vamos conhecer algumas express\u00f5es verbais b\u00e1sicas e muito comuns na\u00a0l\u00edngua japonesa. Em alguns casos, vamos ver como criar v\u00e1rias express\u00f5es seguindo um mesmo padr\u00e3o para constru\u00e7\u00e3o de frases em japon\u00eas. E em outros casos, conhecer um pouco mais sobre\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eCurso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Express\u00f5es verbais em japon\u00eas - \u306a\u308b","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/expressoes-verbais-em-japones-%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2447,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/como-formar-frases-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1756,"position":5},"title":"Jak tvo\u0159it v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"11 de \u0158\u00edjen de 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda agora a\u00a0como formar frases em japon\u00eas! Formar frases em japon\u00eas\u00a0\u00e9 um processo simples do lado pr\u00e1tico, mas complexo do lado gramatical. Isso exige um vocabul\u00e1rio b\u00e1sico e um conhecimento m\u00ednimo de gram\u00e1tica japonesa. Como formar frases em japon\u00eas Como muitos leitores do\u00a0L\u00edngua Japonesa\u00a0me enviam e-mails com d\u00favidas sobre como\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eVocabul\u00e1rio japon\u00eas\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Vocabul\u00e1rio japon\u00eas","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/vocabulario-japones\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Como formar frases em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/nihongo_idioma.jpg?fit=477%2C296&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1756"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1756\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}