{"id":1785,"date":"2009-11-03T05:57:29","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:57:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1785"},"modified":"2026-08-15T14:32:32","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T17:32:32","slug":"sloveso-v-japonstine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/forma-te-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Japonsk\u00e1 forma \u3066: \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed, tabulka a pou\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A <strong>forma \u3066 v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/strong> \u2014 tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 \u2014 <em>zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm te<\/em> \u2014 spojuje sloveso s dal\u0161\u00edmi slovy a strukturami. Objevuje se v \u017e\u00e1dostech, posloupnostech akc\u00ed, prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch situac\u00edch, v\u00fdsledn\u00fdch stavech, \u017e\u00e1dostech o povolen\u00ed a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch konstrukc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd bod: forma \u3066, sama o sob\u011b, <strong>neozna\u010duje minulost, p\u0159\u00edtomnost ani budoucnost<\/strong>. Cel\u00fd v\u00fdznam z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, co n\u00e1sleduje po n\u00ed a na kontextu v\u011bty.<\/p>\n\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1786 size-full alignleft\" title=\"Tvar TE sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b\" src=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/forma-te-dos-verbos-em-japones.jpg\" alt=\"Tvar TE sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b\" width=\"222\" height=\"150\" \/>\n\n<h2>Co je forma \u3066?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Forma \u3066 je konjugace, kter\u00e1 p\u0159iprav\u00ed sloveso k p\u0159ipojen\u00ed ke zbytku v\u011bty. P\u0159edstavte si ji jako \u201cmost\u201d: konjugovan\u00e9 sloveso obvykle neukon\u010duje my\u0161lenku, ale vede k n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed akci nebo gramatick\u00e9mu v\u00fdrazu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad sloveso \u98df\u3079\u308b (<em>taberu<\/em>, j\u00edst) se zm\u011bn\u00ed na \u98df\u3079\u3066 (<em>tabete<\/em>). Odtud m\u016f\u017eeme vytvo\u0159it \u98df\u3079\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044 (\u201cpros\u00edm, jezte\u201d), \u98df\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 (\u201cj\u00ed\u201d nebo \u201cj\u00ed obvykle\u201d, podle kontextu) a \u98df\u3079\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b (\u201cmohu j\u00edst?\u201d).<\/p>\n\n<p>P\u0159ed studiem pravidel stoj\u00ed za to zopakovat si <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/skupiny-sloves-v-japonstine\/\">skupiny sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>. Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 koncovka z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, zda je sloveso godan (skupina 1), ichidan (skupina 2) nebo nepravideln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Jak vytvo\u0159it formu \u3066 sloves<\/h2>\n\n<p>Za\u010dn\u011bte slovesem ve slovn\u00edkov\u00e9 form\u011b. Pokud si ji pot\u0159ebujete p\u0159ipomenout, pod\u00edvejte se do pr\u016fvodce o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/neformalni-zpusoby-sloves-v-japonstine\/\">neform\u00e1ln\u00ed japonsk\u00e1 slovesa<\/a>. Pot\u00e9 pou\u017eijte pravidlo odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed skupin\u011b a koncovce.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Slovesa godan (skupina 1)<\/h3>\n\n<p>U sloves godan ur\u010duje zm\u011bnu posledn\u00ed slabika. Tabulka shrnuje vzory, kter\u00e9 si mus\u00edte zapamatovat:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Koncovka<\/th>\n<th>Zm\u011bna<\/th>\n<th>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/th>\n<th>Tvar \u3066<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u3046, \u3064, \u308b<\/td>\n<td>\u3063\u3066<\/td>\n<td>\u8cb7\u3046 (<em>kau<\/em>, koupit)<\/td>\n<td>\u8cb7\u3063\u3066 (<em>katte<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u3080, \u3076, \u306c<\/td>\n<td>\u3093\u3067<\/td>\n<td>\u98f2\u3080 (<em>nomu<\/em>, p\u00edt)<\/td>\n<td>\u98f2\u3093\u3067 (<em>nonde<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u304f<\/td>\n<td>\u3044\u3066<\/td>\n<td>\u66f8\u304f (<em>kaku<\/em>, ps\u00e1t)<\/td>\n<td>\u66f8\u3044\u3066 (<em>kaite<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u3050<\/td>\n<td>\u3044\u3067<\/td>\n<td>\u6cf3\u3050 (<em>oyogu<\/em>, plavat)<\/td>\n<td>\u6cf3\u3044\u3067 (<em>oyoide<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u3059<\/td>\n<td>\u3057\u3066<\/td>\n<td>\u8a71\u3059 (<em>hanasu<\/em>, mluvit)<\/td>\n<td>\u8a71\u3057\u3066 (<em>hanashite<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><strong>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 v\u00fdjimka:<\/strong> \u884c\u304f (<em>iku<\/em>, j\u00edt) kon\u010d\u00ed na \u304f, ale jeho forma \u3066 je \u884c\u3063\u3066 (<em>itte<\/em>), a ne <s>\u884c\u3044\u3066<\/s>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Um atalho \u00fatil \u00e9 lembrar que a forma \u3066 segue o mesmo padr\u00e3o sonoro da forma passada informal: troque \u305f por \u3066 e \u3060 por \u3067. Assim, \u98f2\u3093\u3060 vira \u98f2\u3093\u3067 e \u66f8\u3044\u305f vira \u66f8\u3044\u3066. O atalho ajuda na revis\u00e3o, mas a tabela acima permite conjugar diretamente.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Verbos ichidan (grupo 2)<\/h3>\n\n<p>Nos verbos ichidan, retire o \u308b final e acrescente \u3066:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u98df\u3079\u308b (<em>taberu<\/em>, comer) \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u3066 (<em>tabete<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>\u898b\u308b (<em>miru<\/em>, ver) \u2192 \u898b\u3066 (<em>mite<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>\u8d77\u304d\u308b (<em>okiru<\/em>, levantar-se) \u2192 \u8d77\u304d\u3066 (<em>okite<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Aten\u00e7\u00e3o: nem todo verbo terminado em \u3044\u308b ou \u3048\u308b \u00e9 ichidan. \u5e30\u308b (<em>kaeru<\/em>, voltar), por exemplo, \u00e9 godan e vira \u5e30\u3063\u3066 (<em>kaette<\/em>). Quando houver d\u00favida, confirme o grupo no dicion\u00e1rio.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Verbos irregulares<\/h3>\n\n<p>Os dois verbos irregulares mais importantes t\u00eam formas pr\u00f3prias:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u3059\u308b (<em>suru<\/em>, fazer) \u2192 \u3057\u3066 (<em>shite<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>\u6765\u308b (<em>kuru<\/em>, vir) \u2192 \u6765\u3066 (<em>kite<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Os compostos com \u3059\u308b seguem o mesmo padr\u00e3o: \u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b (<em>benky\u014d suru<\/em>, estudar) vira \u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066 (<em>benky\u014d shite<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads10-->\n\n<h2>Principais usos da forma \u3066<\/h2>\n\n<p>Aprender a conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 s\u00f3 o come\u00e7o. O valor pr\u00e1tico da forma \u3066 aparece quando ela se combina com outra a\u00e7\u00e3o ou express\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<h3>1. Conectar a\u00e7\u00f5es em sequ\u00eancia<\/h3>\n\n<p>Use a forma \u3066 para unir a\u00e7\u00f5es realizadas em sequ\u00eancia. O \u00faltimo verbo normalmente carrega o tempo e o n\u00edvel de formalidade da frase.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u671d\u3054\u98ef\u3092\u98df\u3079\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Asagohan o tabete, gakk\u014d e ikimashita.<\/em><br \/>Tomei caf\u00e9 da manh\u00e3 e fui para a escola.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u98df\u3079\u3066 apenas conecta a primeira a\u00e7\u00e3o. \u00c9 \u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f, no fim, que coloca a sequ\u00eancia no passado e no registro polido.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 poss\u00edvel marcar com clareza que uma a\u00e7\u00e3o acontece depois da outra usando \u3066\u304b\u3089:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u5bbf\u984c\u3092\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3\u3092\u898b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Shukudai o shite kara, terebi o mimasu.<\/em><br \/>Depois de fazer a li\u00e7\u00e3o de casa, assisto \u00e0 televis\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<h3>2. Fazer pedidos com \u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/h3>\n\n<p>A estrutura <strong>verbo na forma \u3066 + \u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/strong> serve para pedir ou instruir algu\u00e9m a fazer algo.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u3053\u3053\u306b\u540d\u524d\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Koko ni namae o kaite kudasai.<\/em><br \/>Escreva seu nome aqui, por favor.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>M\u014d ichido itte kudasai.<\/em><br \/>Diga mais uma vez, por favor.<\/p>\n\n<p>O contexto, a entona\u00e7\u00e3o e a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre os interlocutores influenciam o grau de delicadeza. Para comparar pedidos com ordens diretas, veja tamb\u00e9m o artigo sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/imperativni-vety-v-japonstine\/\">rozkazovac\u00ed v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>3. Expressar a\u00e7\u00e3o, h\u00e1bito ou estado com \u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/h3>\n\n<p>A constru\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>forma \u3066 + \u3044\u307e\u3059<\/strong> n\u00e3o equivale sempre ao ger\u00fandio do portugu\u00eas. Ela pode indicar uma a\u00e7\u00e3o em andamento, um h\u00e1bito ou o estado resultante de uma mudan\u00e7a.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u4eca\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Ima, nihongo o benky\u014d shite imasu.<\/em><br \/>Agora estou estudando japon\u00eas. <strong>(a\u00e7\u00e3o em andamento)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u6bce\u65e5\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Mainichi, nihongo o benky\u014d shite imasu.<\/em><br \/>Studuji japon\u0161tinu ka\u017ed\u00fd den. <strong>(h\u00e1bito)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Doa ga aite imasu.<\/em><br \/>A porta est\u00e1 aberta. <strong>(estado resultante)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>No registro informal, \u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 pode aparecer como \u3066\u3044\u308b. Na fala casual, tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 comum ouvir formas contra\u00eddas como \u3066\u308b, mas conv\u00e9m dominar primeiro a constru\u00e7\u00e3o completa. Para revisar a diferen\u00e7a entre registros, consulte o guia da <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/masu-forma-sloves-v-japonstine\/\">forma \u307e\u3059 dos verbos em japon\u00eas<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>4. Pedir permiss\u00e3o com \u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Para perguntar se uma a\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 permitida, use <strong>verbo na forma \u3066 + \u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u3053\u3053\u3067\u5199\u771f\u3092\u64ae\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Koko de shashin o totte mo ii desu ka.<\/em><br \/>Posso tirar uma foto aqui?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Kono hon o yonde mo ii desu ka.<\/em><br \/>Posso ler este livro?<\/p>\n\n<p>Essa \u00e9 a estrutura b\u00e1sica para pedir permiss\u00e3o. O artigo sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-povolit-a-zakazat-v-japonstine\/\">jak povolit a zak\u00e1zat v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a> aprofunda as respostas e as constru\u00e7\u00f5es de proibi\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<h3>5. Experimentar uma a\u00e7\u00e3o com \u3066\u307f\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<p>A combina\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>forma \u3066 + \u307f\u308b<\/strong> expressa a ideia de tentar ou experimentar fazer algo. Aqui, \u307f\u308b \u00e9 escrito normalmente em hiragana porque funciona como verbo auxiliar.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u3053\u306e\u6599\u7406\u3092\u98df\u3079\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Kono ry\u014dri o tabete mimasu.<\/em><br \/>Vou experimentar este prato.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u8a71\u3057\u3066\u307f\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Nihongo de hanashite mite kudasai.<\/em><br \/>Tente falar em japon\u00eas, por favor.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Mini di\u00e1logo com a forma \u3066<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> \u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<br \/><em>Sumimasen. Kono hon o mite mo ii desu ka.<\/em><br \/>Com licen\u00e7a. Posso dar uma olhada neste livro?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> \u306f\u3044\u3001\u3069\u3046\u305e\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<br \/><em>Hai, d\u014dzo. Koko de yonde kudasai.<\/em><br \/>Sim, fique \u00e0 vontade. Leia aqui, por favor.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> \u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5c11\u3057\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Arigat\u014d gozaimasu. Sukoshi yonde mimasu.<\/em><br \/>Muito obrigado. Vou tentar ler um pouco.<\/p>\n\n<p>Nesse di\u00e1logo, a mesma conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o aparece em tr\u00eas estruturas: \u898b\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b para permiss\u00e3o, \u8aad\u3093\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044 para pedido e \u8aad\u3093\u3067\u307f\u307e\u3059 para experimentar uma a\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns ao conjugar e usar a forma \u3066<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tratar todo verbo em \u3044\u308b ou \u3048\u308b como ichidan:<\/strong> alguns s\u00e3o godan. \u5e30\u308b vira \u5e30\u3063\u3066, n\u00e3o <s>\u5e30\u3066<\/s>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Esquecer a exce\u00e7\u00e3o de \u884c\u304f:<\/strong> a forma correta \u00e9 \u884c\u3063\u3066.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Usar \u3066 no lugar de \u3067:<\/strong> verbos godan terminados em \u3080, \u3076 ou \u306c produzem \u3093\u3067; os terminados em \u3050 produzem \u3044\u3067.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Traduzir toda constru\u00e7\u00e3o \u3066\u3044\u308b como \u201cestar fazendo\u201d:<\/strong> ela tamb\u00e9m pode indicar h\u00e1bito ou estado resultante.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conjugar todos os verbos de uma sequ\u00eancia no passado:<\/strong> em geral, os verbos intermedi\u00e1rios ficam na forma \u3066 e o \u00faltimo marca o tempo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcios de forma \u3066<\/h2>\n\n<p>Converta os verbos para a forma \u3066. Depois, complete as tr\u00eas frases.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u66f8\u304f (<em>kaku<\/em>) \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li>\u98f2\u3080 (<em>nomu<\/em>) \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li>\u98df\u3079\u308b (<em>taberu<\/em>) \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li>\u8a71\u3059 (<em>hanasu<\/em>) \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li>\u884c\u304f (<em>iku<\/em>) \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li>\u805e\u304f: \u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6 ______ \u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<br \/>Ou\u00e7a mais uma vez, por favor.<\/li>\n<li>\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b: \u4eca\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092 ______ \u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>Agora estou estudando japon\u00eas.<\/li>\n<li>\u5165\u308b: \u3053\u3053\u306b ______ \u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<br \/>Posso entrar aqui?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Zobrazit odpov\u011bdi<\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li>\u66f8\u3044\u3066<\/li>\n<li>\u98f2\u3093\u3067<\/li>\n<li>\u98df\u3079\u3066<\/li>\n<li>\u8a71\u3057\u3066<\/li>\n<li>\u884c\u3063\u3066<\/li>\n<li>\u805e\u3044\u3066<\/li>\n<li>\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066<\/li>\n<li>\u5165\u3063\u3066<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<h2>Resumo e pr\u00f3ximos passos<\/h2>\n\n<p>Para formar a forma \u3066, identifique o grupo do verbo e aplique a troca da termina\u00e7\u00e3o. Nos godan, memorize os cinco padr\u00f5es da tabela; nos ichidan, retire \u308b e acrescente \u3066; nos irregulares, use \u3057\u3066 e \u6765\u3066. Lembre tamb\u00e9m da exce\u00e7\u00e3o \u884c\u304f \u2192 \u884c\u3063\u3066.<\/p>\n\n<p>Depois da conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o, observe a estrutura que vem a seguir: \u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044 faz pedidos, \u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 pode indicar a\u00e7\u00e3o, h\u00e1bito ou estado, \u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b pede permiss\u00e3o e \u3066\u307f\u308b expressa uma tentativa. Em sequ\u00eancias, o \u00faltimo verbo normalmente determina tempo e formalidade.<\/p>\n\n<p>Para organizar a continua\u00e7\u00e3o dos estudos, consulte o guia de <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/particulas-e-gramatica-japonesa\/\">part\u00edculas e gram\u00e1tica japonesa<\/a>. Quando estiver confort\u00e1vel com a forma \u3066, avance para a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/form-mashou-dos-verbos-em-japones\/\">forma \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046 dos verbos<\/a> e aprenda a fazer convites e sugest\u00f5es.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-e9cc26f21282b\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Co je forma \u3066 v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Forma \u3066 je konjugace, kter\u00e1 spojuje sloveso s jinou akc\u00ed nebo gramatickou strukturou. Pod\u00edl\u00ed se na konstrukc\u00edch jako \u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044, \u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059, \u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b a \u3066\u307f\u308b, ale sama o sob\u011b neozna\u010duje slovesn\u00fd \u010das.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-32a9f7870accd\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak \u010dasovat sloveso ve tvaru \u3066?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>U sloves godan zm\u011bna z\u00e1vis\u00ed na koncovce: \u3046\u30fb\u3064\u30fb\u308b se m\u011bn\u00ed na \u3063\u3066; \u3080\u30fb\u3076\u30fb\u306c se m\u011bn\u00ed na \u3093\u3067; \u304f se m\u011bn\u00ed na \u3044\u3066; \u3050 se m\u011bn\u00ed na \u3044\u3067; a \u3059 se m\u011bn\u00ed na \u3057\u3066. U sloves ichidan odeberte \u308b a p\u0159idejte \u3066. Hlavn\u00ed nepravideln\u00e1 slovesa jsou \u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u3066 a \u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3066.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-c01a7f618b234\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi \u3066 a \u3067 v konjugaci?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ob\u011b koncovky pln\u00ed stejnou spojovac\u00ed funkci, ale vzor slovesa ur\u010duje, kterou pou\u017e\u00edt. Slovesa godan kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed na \u3080, \u3076 nebo \u306c tvo\u0159\u00ed \u3093\u3067 a ta kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed na \u3050 tvo\u0159\u00ed \u3044\u3067. Ostatn\u00ed vzory pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u3066.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-fc34e80adc5df\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Ozna\u010duje forma \u3066 p\u0159\u00edtomnost nebo minulost?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ne. Tvar \u3066 sama o sob\u011b neozna\u010duje \u010das. V posloupnosti akc\u00ed obvykle posledn\u00ed sloveso ud\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010das a form\u00e1lnost. V jin\u00fdch konstrukc\u00edch dopl\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdznam pomocn\u00e9 sloveso a kontext.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-c441b891cb86e\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Znamen\u00e1 \u3066\u3044\u308b v\u017edy \u201cd\u011blat\u201d?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ne. \u3066\u3044\u308b m\u016f\u017ee popisovat prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed akci, zvyk nebo v\u00fdsledn\u00fd stav zm\u011bny. \u4eca\u3001\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 ozna\u010duje prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed akci; \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 popisuje stav otev\u0159en\u00fdch dve\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Fontes para aprofundar<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/reference\/002.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto \u2014 tabela de conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o verbal<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/description\/006.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto \u2014 pedidos com \u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044 e a\u00e7\u00f5es em sequ\u00eancia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/description\/001.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto \u2014 usos de \u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/description\/014.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto \u2014 permiss\u00e3o com \u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori \u2014 \u3066\u307f\u308b e estados com \u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dte se \u010dasovat slovesa ve form\u011b \u3066 a pou\u017e\u00edvat \u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044, \u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059, \u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b, posloupnosti akc\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed struktury.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":1788,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73,60],"tags":[69,27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1785","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1785"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1785\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4426,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1785\/revisions\/4426"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1788"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1785"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1785"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}