{"id":2089,"date":"2009-11-03T06:17:47","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T08:17:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2089"},"modified":"2026-08-21T20:19:44","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T23:19:44","slug":"slovni-vyrazy-v-japonstine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/expressoes-verbais-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Japonsk\u00e9 slovesn\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy: 3 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vzory"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ty <strong>slovn\u00ed v\u00fdrazy v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/strong> combinam verbos, part\u00edculas, adjetivos ou outros verbos para comunicar ideias como \u201cficar\u201d, \u201cir fazer algo\u201d e \u201cfazer algo para algu\u00e9m\u201d. Em vez de memorizar cada frase isoladamente, voc\u00ea pode aprender o padr\u00e3o, entender a perspectiva e criar exemplos pr\u00f3prios.<\/p>\n\n<p>Neste guia, estudaremos tr\u00eas estruturas frequentes: <span lang=\"ja\">A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b + \u306a\u308b<\/span> para mudan\u00e7as, <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b<\/span> para a finalidade de um deslocamento e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff0f\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> para dar, receber e apresentar a\u00e7\u00f5es sob diferentes pontos de vista.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Resumo dos tr\u00eas padr\u00f5es<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Ideia<\/th><th>Vzor<\/th><th>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Mudan\u00e7a de estado<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b + \u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> \u2014 ficar frio<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Finalidade de movimento<\/td><td>radical de <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059 + \u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 ir comprar um livro<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Dar ou receber algo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff0f\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> \u2014 receber um livro<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>A\u00e7\u00e3o em benef\u00edcio de algu\u00e9m<\/td><td>forma <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066 + \u3042\u3052\u308b\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff0f\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> \u2014 receber a ajuda de algu\u00e9m que ensina<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Voc\u00ea aproveitar\u00e1 melhor o artigo se j\u00e1 reconhecer os <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/skupiny-sloves-v-japonstine\/\">skupiny sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a> a a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/masu-forma-sloves-v-japonstine\/\">formu \u307e\u3059<\/a>. Os exemplos incluem a forma simples e a polida para mostrar que o padr\u00e3o continua o mesmo quando o registro muda.<\/p>\n\n<h2>1. Como usar \u306a\u308b para dizer ficar ou tornar-se<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sloveso <span lang=\"ja\">st\u00e1t se<\/span> (<em>naru<\/em>) apresenta uma mudan\u00e7a e o estado resultante. Dependendo do contexto, pode ser traduzido como \u201cficar\u201d, \u201ctornar-se\u201d, \u201cvirar\u201d ou \u201cpassar a ser\u201d. A palavra que descreve o novo estado muda de forma antes de <span lang=\"ja\">st\u00e1t se<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Typ<\/th><th>Forma\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th><th>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>retire <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044<\/span> a p\u0159idejte <span lang=\"ja\">stane se<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5bd2\u3044 \u2192 \u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span><\/td><td>acrescente <span lang=\"ja\">st\u00e1t se<\/span> ao radical<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b \u2192 \u9759\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Substantivo<\/td><td>acrescente <span lang=\"ja\">st\u00e1t se<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5148\u751f \u2192 \u5148\u751f\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00126\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation explica A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/a> como um padr\u00e3o que apresenta o estado resultante de uma mudan\u00e7a. Essa l\u00f3gica \u00e9 mais \u00fatil do que tentar associar <span lang=\"ja\">st\u00e1t se<\/span> a uma \u00fanica tradu\u00e7\u00e3o portuguesa.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Adjetivos \u3044 + \u304f\u306a\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Retire o <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044<\/span> a p\u0159idejte <span lang=\"ja\">stane se<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5bd2\u3044 \u2192 \u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>samui \u2192 samuku naru<\/em>) \u2014 ficar frio;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u96e3\u3057\u3044 \u2192 \u96e3\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>muzukashii \u2192 muzukashiku naru<\/em>) \u2014 ficar dif\u00edcil;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u65b0\u3057\u3044 \u2192 \u65b0\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>atarashii \u2192 atarashiku naru<\/em>) \u2014 ficar novo, ser renovado.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3044<\/span> \u00e9 uma exce\u00e7\u00e3o importante: use <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>, \u201cmelhorar\u201d ou \u201cficar bom\u201d, porque as flex\u00f5es partem de <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088\u3044<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u5929\u6c17\u304c\u6696\u304b\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tenki ga atatakaku narimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nO tempo ficou mais quente.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Adjetivos \u306a e substantivos + \u306b\u306a\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Com adjetivos <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span>, n\u00e3o coloque o <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> antes de <span lang=\"ja\">st\u00e1t se<\/span>. Use o radical seguido de <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>shizuka ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 ficar silencioso;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5143\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>genki ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 ficar bem, recuperar-se;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6709\u540d\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>y\u016bmei ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 tornar-se famoso.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Os substantivos usam a mesma liga\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">St\u00e1t se u\u010ditelem<\/span> (<em>sensei ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 tornar-se professor;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6625\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>haru ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 chegar a primavera, tornar-se primavera;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4e09\u5e74\u751f\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>sannensei ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 passar para o terceiro ano.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Se voc\u00ea ainda confunde as duas classes de adjetivos, revise como <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/druhy-pridavnych-jmen-v-japonstine\/\">distinguir adjetivos \u3044 e \u306a<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o b\u00e1sica de \u306a\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Hodnota<\/th><th>Prost\u00fd tvar<\/th><th>Zdvo\u0159il\u00e1 forma<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Neminul\u00fd kladn\u00fd<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">st\u00e1t se<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">bude<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Neminul\u00fd z\u00e1porn\u00fd<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Minulost kladn\u00e1<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">stalo se<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">stalo se<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negativn\u00ed minulost<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">nestalo se<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Essas linhas n\u00e3o representam \u201cquatro tempos verbais\u201d. Elas combinam n\u00e3o passado ou passado, afirma\u00e7\u00e3o ou nega\u00e7\u00e3o e registro simples ou polido.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u306a\u308b e \u3059\u308b: mudan\u00e7a ou a\u00e7\u00e3o deliberada<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">st\u00e1t se<\/span> apresenta a mudan\u00e7a do sujeito. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> pode apresentar algu\u00e9m produzindo essa mudan\u00e7a:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u90e8\u5c4b\u304c\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Heya ga kirei ni narimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nO quarto ficou limpo.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u90e8\u5c4b\u3092\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Heya o kirei ni shimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nDeixei o quarto limpo.<\/p>\n\n<p>N\u00e3o transforme mecanicamente todo verbo em <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> trocando <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> podle <span lang=\"ja\">st\u00e1t se<\/span>. <span lang=\"ja\">Je to pou\u010dn\u00e9<\/span>, por exemplo, \u00e9 uma express\u00e3o que significa que algo \u201cserve de aprendizado\u201d ou \u201c\u00e9 instrutivo\u201d: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u8a71\u306f\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span> \u2014 \u201cEssa conversa foi muito instrutiva\u201d. Ela n\u00e3o significa simplesmente \u201ctornar-se estudado\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2>2. Como dizer ir ou vir fazer algo<\/h2>\n\n<p>Para explicar a finalidade de um deslocamento, use o radical da forma <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>, acrescente a part\u00edcula <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> e termine com um verbo de movimento:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>destino + <span lang=\"ja\">\u3078\uff0f\u306b<\/span> + objeto + <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> + radical de <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059 + \u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b\uff0f\u5e30\u308b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00046\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation descreve \u306b de finalidade<\/a> como a part\u00edcula que marca a a\u00e7\u00e3o ou o nome que constitui o objetivo do movimento.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Como formar o radical antes de \u306b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Parta da forma polida e retire <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Tvar \u307e\u3059<\/th><th>Radik\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/th><th>Express\u00e3o<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">koupit<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">j\u00edt nakupovat<\/span> \u2014 ir comprar<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 ir comer<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2014 vir ver<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">U\u010dit se<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2014 vir estudar<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u5c4b\u3078\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u8f9e\u66f8\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Hon&#8217;ya e nihongo no jisho o kai ni ikimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nVou \u00e0 livraria comprar um dicion\u00e1rio de japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u304c\u3046\u3061\u3078\u904a\u3073\u306b\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tomodachi ga uchi e asobi ni kimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nUm amigo veio \u00e0 minha casa para passar um tempo comigo.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u5fd8\u308c\u7269\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u306b\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Wasuremono o tori ni kaerimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nVou voltar para buscar algo que esqueci.<\/p>\n\n<p>O tempo vem do verbo de movimento: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u00e9 \u201cvem\u201d ou \u201cvir\u00e1\u201d, enquanto <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u305f\uff0f\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span> \u00e9 \u201cveio\u201d. N\u00e3o traduza uma forma n\u00e3o passada como passado sem uma raz\u00e3o no contexto.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Substantivos de atividade + \u306b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Alguns nomes que representam atividades podem aparecer diretamente antes de <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3044\u7269\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 ir \u00e0s compras;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6563\u6b69\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 ir passear;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2014 vir para estudar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Nesse padr\u00e3o, <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> n\u00e3o marca apenas o destino; ela marca a finalidade. O artigo sobre a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/ni-castice-v-japonstine\/\">part\u00edcula \u306b em japon\u00eas<\/a> mostra como o contexto separa finalidade, destino, hor\u00e1rio e outros usos.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>3. Dar e receber: \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b e \u3082\u3089\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<p>Slovesa <span lang=\"ja\">d\u00e1t<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">d\u00e1t<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">dostat<\/span> descrevem transfer\u00eancias, mas escolhem perspectivas diferentes. N\u00e3o basta perguntar \u201cquem d\u00e1?\u201d; observe tamb\u00e9m quem \u00e9 apresentado como pr\u00f3ximo do falante.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Sloveso<\/th><th>Perspectiva<\/th><th>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vzor<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">d\u00e1t<\/span><\/td><td>algo vai do falante ou de outra pessoa para fora<\/td><td>A <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> B <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> objekt <span lang=\"ja\">d\u00e1t<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">d\u00e1t<\/span><\/td><td>algo vem para o falante ou para algu\u00e9m do seu grupo<\/td><td>A <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c\uff0f\u306f<\/span> falante <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> objekt <span lang=\"ja\">d\u00e1 mi<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">dostat<\/span><\/td><td>o recebedor \u00e9 o ponto de vista da frase<\/td><td>recebedor <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> A <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b\uff0f\u304b\u3089<\/span> objekt <span lang=\"ja\">dostat<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>O <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp\/modules\/ja\/gmod\/courses\/c01\/lesson22\/step1\/explanation\/085.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">m\u00f3dulo da Tokyo University of Foreign Studies sobre dar e receber<\/a> explica que esses verbos podem apresentar o mesmo acontecimento sob pontos de vista diferentes.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u59b9\u306b\u672c\u3092\u3042\u3052\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Watashi wa im\u014dto ni hon o agemashita.<\/em><br \/>\nDei um livro \u00e0 minha irm\u00e3 mais nova.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6728\u6751\u3055\u3093\u304c\u79c1\u306b\u672c\u3092\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kimura-san ga watashi ni hon o kuremashita.<\/em><br \/>\nKimura me deu um livro.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u6728\u6751\u3055\u3093\u306b\u672c\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Watashi wa Kimura-san ni hon o moraimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nRecebi um livro de Kimura.<\/p>\n\n<p>As duas \u00faltimas frases podem descrever a mesma transfer\u00eancia. Com <span lang=\"ja\">d\u00e1t<\/span>, Kimura \u00e9 o sujeito e o objeto vem em dire\u00e7\u00e3o ao falante. Com <span lang=\"ja\">dostat<\/span>, o falante \u00e9 o sujeito e apresenta a a\u00e7\u00e3o como recebimento. Em frases com <span lang=\"ja\">dostat<\/span>, a origem tamb\u00e9m pode ser marcada por <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b\u3089<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6728\u6751\u3055\u3093\u304b\u3089\u672c\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Forma \u3066 + \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b e \u3082\u3089\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<p>Quando esses verbos v\u00eam depois da <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/sloveso-v-japonstine\/\">tvar \u3066<\/a>, a \u201ctransfer\u00eancia\u201d passa a ser uma a\u00e7\u00e3o realizada em benef\u00edcio de algu\u00e9m ou recebida com ajuda de algu\u00e9m:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Vzor<\/th><th>Ponto de vista<\/th><th>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span><\/td><td>o sujeito faz algo para outra pessoa<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u306b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3042\u3052\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><td>algu\u00e9m faz algo para mim ou para meu grupo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><td>recebo ou solicito a a\u00e7\u00e3o de algu\u00e9m<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u306b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u304c\u5bbf\u984c\u3092\u624b\u4f1d\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tomodachi ga shukudai o tetsudatte kuremashita.<\/em><br \/>\nUm amigo me ajudou com a tarefa.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u5148\u751f\u306b\u4f5c\u6587\u3092\u76f4\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Watashi wa sensei ni sakubun o naoshite moraimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nPedi ao professor que corrigisse minha reda\u00e7\u00e3o e recebi essa ajuda.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span> pode soar como se o falante estivesse destacando o favor que fez. Ao falar diretamente com quem recebeu a a\u00e7\u00e3o, nem sempre \u00e9 a escolha mais discreta. Em contexto formal, formas como <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/span> expressam respeito, mas pertencem a uma etapa posterior do estudo.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Di\u00e1logo com os tr\u00eas padr\u00f5es<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u4e0a\u624b\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u306d\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Nihongo ga j\u014dzu ni narimashita ne.<\/em><br \/>\nSeu japon\u00eas melhorou, n\u00e3o \u00e9?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6bce\u9031\u3001\u5148\u751f\u306b\u4f1a\u8a71\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Arigat\u014d gozaimasu. Maish\u016b, sensei ni kaiwa o oshiete moratte imasu.<\/em><br \/>\nObrigado. Toda semana, recebo aulas de conversa\u00e7\u00e3o do professor.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u3082\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Ky\u014d mo benky\u014d shi ni ikimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nHoje voc\u00ea tamb\u00e9m vai estudar?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f\u3044\u3002\u5148\u751f\u304c\u99c5\u307e\u3067\u8fce\u3048\u306b\u6765\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Hai. Sensei ga eki made mukae ni kite kuremasu.<\/em><br \/>\nSim. O professor vir\u00e1 me buscar na esta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<p>O di\u00e1logo usa <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e0a\u624b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> para mudan\u00e7a, <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u8fce\u3048\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> para finalidade, al\u00e9m de <span lang=\"ja\">\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span> para a\u00e7\u00f5es apresentadas como ajuda.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pou\u017eijte <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> antes de <span lang=\"ja\">st\u00e1t se<\/span>:<\/strong> \u0159ekn\u011bte <span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>, ne <span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b\u306a\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Esquecer a forma especial de \u3044\u3044:<\/strong> \u201cficar melhor\u201d \u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zm\u011bna <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> podle <span lang=\"ja\">st\u00e1t se<\/span> mecanicamente:<\/strong> express\u00f5es como <span lang=\"ja\">Je to pou\u010dn\u00e9<\/span> t\u00eam significado pr\u00f3prio.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Usar o verbo na forma do dicion\u00e1rio antes de \u306b de finalidade:<\/strong> \u0159ekn\u011bte <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span>, ne <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Traduzir <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b<\/span> como \u201cveio\u201d:<\/strong> o passado \u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u305f\uff0f\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Escolher \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b e \u3082\u3089\u3046 apenas pela tradu\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong> observe quem d\u00e1, quem recebe e de qual perspectiva a frase \u00e9 constru\u00edda.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zach\u00e1zet s <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span> como forma neutra de gentileza:<\/strong> ela pode destacar o favor e requer aten\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre as pessoas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcio<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Transforme <span lang=\"ja\">\u6691\u3044<\/span> em \u201cficar quente\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Transforme <span lang=\"ja\">energie<\/span> em \u201cficar bem\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Complete: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\uff08\u3000\uff09\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Diga \u201cMinha amiga veio estudar japon\u00eas\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Escolha o verbo: <span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u79c1\u306b\u304a\u83d3\u5b50\u3092\uff08\u3042\u3052\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Reescreva \u201cO professor corrigiu minha reda\u00e7\u00e3o para mim\u201d usando <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>Odpov\u011bdi:<\/strong> 1. <span lang=\"ja\">\u6691\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>; 2. <span lang=\"ja\">\u5143\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>; 3. <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span>formov\u00e1n\u00ed <span lang=\"ja\">\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span>; 4. <span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306b\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>; 5. <span lang=\"ja\">dal mi<\/span>, porque o objeto veio para o falante; 6. <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u5148\u751f\u306b\u4f5c\u6587\u3092\u76f4\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Resumo<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b + \u306a\u308b<\/span> apresenta uma mudan\u00e7a e o estado resultante.<\/li>\n<li>O radical de <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059 + \u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b\uff0f\u5e30\u308b<\/span> apresenta a finalidade de um movimento.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">d\u00e1t<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">d\u00e1t<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">dostat<\/span> descrevem dar e receber sob perspectivas diferentes.<\/li>\n<li>Depois da forma <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span>, esses verbos mostram uma a\u00e7\u00e3o realizada ou recebida como benef\u00edcio.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Esses padr\u00f5es ficam mais f\u00e1ceis quando voc\u00ea analisa a fun\u00e7\u00e3o de cada elemento, em vez de traduzir palavra por palavra. Para praticar a ordem dos componentes e a omiss\u00e3o do sujeito, continue pelo guia sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-tvorit-vety-v-japonstine\/\">jak tvo\u0159it v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-c2373870306ff\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Co jsou slovesn\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Jsou to vzory, kter\u00e9 kombinuj\u00ed slovesa s \u010d\u00e1sticemi, p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny, podstatn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny nebo jin\u00fdmi slovesy, aby vyj\u00e1d\u0159ily my\u0161lenky jako zm\u011bnu, \u00fa\u010del, p\u0159enos a prosp\u011bch.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-e2794fb1bdb06\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak pou\u017e\u00edvat \u306a\u308b v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u306a\u308b p\u0159edstavuje zm\u011bnu a v\u00fdsledn\u00fd stav. Pou\u017eijte p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no \u3044 bez \u3044 + \u304f\u306a\u308b, p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no \u306a + \u306b\u306a\u308b nebo podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no + \u306b\u306a\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-fba8bc59e0170\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak \u0159\u00edct zlep\u0161it se v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Pou\u017eijte \u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b. A\u010dkoli \u3044\u3044 znamen\u00e1 \u2018dobr\u00fd\u2019, jeho tvary vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z \u3088\u3044; proto je spr\u00e1vn\u00fd tvar \u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b, ne \u3044\u304f\u306a\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-10b1015ac37f2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak \u0159\u00edct j\u00edt ud\u011blat n\u011bco v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Odstra\u0148te \u307e\u3059 ze slovesa, p\u0159idejte \u306b a zakon\u010dete pohybov\u00fdm slovesem. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059 se zm\u011bn\u00ed na \u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304f, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 \u2018j\u00edt koupit\u2019.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-11d08c300706f\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a entre \u3042\u3052\u308b e \u304f\u308c\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3042\u3052\u308b apresenta algo sendo dado pelo lado de quem d\u00e1 e normalmente para fora da perspectiva do falante. \u304f\u308c\u308b apresenta algo vindo para o falante ou para algu\u00e9m do seu grupo.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6c316a9dc2c6e\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a entre \u304f\u308c\u308b e \u3082\u3089\u3046?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Com \u304f\u308c\u308b, quem d\u00e1 \u00e9 o sujeito e a transfer\u00eancia vem em dire\u00e7\u00e3o ao falante. Com \u3082\u3089\u3046, quem recebe \u00e9 o sujeito e apresenta o mesmo acontecimento como recebimento.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-44b028720d4c9\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Como usar V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b, V\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b e V\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Acrescente \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b ou \u3082\u3089\u3046 \u00e0 forma \u3066. O padr\u00e3o mostra uma a\u00e7\u00e3o feita para algu\u00e9m, feita para o falante ou recebida com a ajuda de algu\u00e9m, respectivamente.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-54f0b4f91e22e\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">O que significa \u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b significa que algo serve de aprendizado, \u00e9 instrutivo ou ensina algo \u00fatil. N\u00e3o \u00e9 uma regra geral para transformar qualquer verbo terminado em \u3059\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dte se t\u0159i japonsk\u00e9 slovesn\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy: zm\u011bny s \u306a\u308b, \u00fa\u010del s \u306b\u884c\u304f a perspektiva \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b a \u3082\u3089\u3046.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2090,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73,60],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2089"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4449,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089\/revisions\/4449"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2090"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2089"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2089"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2089"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}