{"id":2099,"date":"2009-11-03T06:27:29","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T08:27:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2099"},"modified":"2018-03-18T17:08:28","modified_gmt":"2018-03-18T20:08:28","slug":"frases-imperativas-em-japones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/frases-imperativas-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Imperativn\u00ed v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o\u00a0rozkazovac\u00ed v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/strong> a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159te si slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobu!<\/em>
\n\"Imperativn\u00edA\u010dkoli se jedn\u00e1 o t\u00e9ma ur\u010den\u00e9 pro studenty japon\u0161tiny na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u00farovni, domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee je ji\u017e na \u010dase se trochu v\u011bnovat imperativu v japon\u0161tin\u011b. V b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m kurzu japon\u0161tiny byste se s t\u00edmto t\u00e9matem mo\u017en\u00e1 setkali a\u017e po del\u0161\u00edm obdob\u00ed studia japon\u0161tiny.<\/p>\n

Imperativn\u00ed v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n

Ale jeliko\u017e se nejedn\u00e1 o b\u011b\u017en\u00fd kurz japon\u0161tiny, u\u010d\u00edme se jak hovorovou, tak i form\u00e1ln\u00ed japon\u0161tinu. Nic n\u00e1m tedy nebr\u00e1n\u00ed v tom, abychom si ud\u011blali n\u011bjak\u00e9 skoky, pokud to nenaru\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh v\u00fduky a porozum\u011bn\u00ed l\u00e1tce. Nem\u00e1m pravdu?<\/p>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed Japonci rozkazovac\u00ed v\u011bty?<\/h2>\n

To je n\u011bco, \u010deho si postupn\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1m v\u0161\u00edmat. Je\u0161t\u011b si t\u00edm nejsem \u00fapln\u011b jist\u00fd, ale zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee Japonci v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 konverzaci obvykle nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob. D\u00e1vat rozkazy v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 konverzaci se z\u0159ejm\u011b pova\u017euje za n\u011bco pon\u011bkud nezdvo\u0159il\u00e9ho a hrub\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

Z tohoto d\u016fvodu Japonci p\u0159i konverzaci \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tvar \u201ete\u201c spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/acronym>, jak jsme ji\u017e prob\u00edrali v \u010dl\u00e1nku\u00a0forma TE japonsk\u00fdch sloves<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Na druhou stranu jsou v anime, mang\u00e1ch, filmech a seri\u00e1lech imperativn\u00ed v\u011bty velmi v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 a \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9. Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee je to proto, \u017ee v t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech nakonec p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 hovorov\u00fd jazyk nad form\u00e1ln\u00edm jazykem, kter\u00fd Japonci tak vysoce cen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Konjugace sloves v rozkazovac\u00edch v\u011bt\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n

Abychom \u010dasovali sloveso do rozkazovac\u00edho zp\u016fsobu, budeme si muset p\u0159ipomenout pojmy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se japonsk\u00fdch sloves v neform\u00e1ln\u00edm zp\u016fsobu, kde jsme se nau\u010dili rozd\u011blen\u00ed sloves do skupin a jejich nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed tvar, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako slovn\u00edkov\u00fd tvar.<\/p>\n

Ve skute\u010dnosti budeme k \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed japonsk\u00fdch sloves v rozkazovac\u00edm zp\u016fsobu pou\u017e\u00edvat pouze slovn\u00edkovou formu.<\/p>\n

Slovesa kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed na\u00a0\u308b<\/acronym><\/h3>\n

Pro v\u0161echna slovesa, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed koncovku\u00a0\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0V nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed podob\u011b zam\u011bn\u00edme koncovku\u00a0\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0ukon\u010den\u00edm\u00a0\u308d<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n

u\u010dit<\/acronym>\u00a0zm\u011bny\u00a0Nau\u010d m\u011b to<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u8d77\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0zm\u011bny\u00a0Vst\u00e1vej<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Slovesa kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed na\u00a0\u3046<\/acronym><\/h3>\n

Pro v\u0161echna slovesa kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed na\u00a0\u3046<\/acronym>, podle slovn\u00edku jsme zm\u011bnili koncovku\u00a0\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0ukon\u010den\u00edm\u00a0\u3048<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n

\u5f85\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0zm\u011bny\u00a0Po\u010dkej<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u8cb7\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0zm\u011bny\u00a0Kup to<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0zm\u011bny\u00a0Jdi dom\u016f<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u98f2\u3080<\/acronym>\u00a0zm\u011bny\u00a0Pij<\/acronym><\/p>\n

O nepravideln\u00fdch slovesech<\/h3>\n

Jak ji\u017e v\u00edme, tato slovesa nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pravidla pro \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed. Proto je nutn\u00e9 se je u\u010dit postupn\u011b, doslova si jejich tvary zapamatovat.<\/p>\n

V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b uvedu dva velmi jednoduch\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady.<\/p>\n

\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0zm\u011bny\u00a0b\u00edl\u00fd<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0zm\u011bny\u00a0\u6765\u3044<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bt v z\u00e1porn\u00e9m imperativu<\/h3>\n

Toto je nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed, na kter\u00fd jsem v japon\u0161tin\u011b narazil, alespo\u0148 zat\u00edm. Abych to up\u0159esnil, v japon\u0161tin\u011b neexistuje \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves v negativn\u00edm imperativu; tento \u010das ve v\u011bt\u00e1ch s imperativem se vyjad\u0159uje pou\u017eit\u00edm \u010d\u00e1stice\u00a0\u306a<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n

Chcete-li v\u011bty p\u0159ev\u00e9st do z\u00e1porn\u00e9ho rozkazovac\u00edho zp\u016fsobu, sta\u010d\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt \u010d\u00e1stici\u00a0\u306a<\/acronym>\u00a0n\u00e1sledovan\u00e9 slovesem ve slovn\u00edkov\u00e9 podob\u011b.<\/p>\n

Nejez chleba.<\/acronym>
\n<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed tvary imperativu v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n

P\u0159i studiu rozkazovac\u00edch v\u011bt v japon\u0161tin\u011b jsem nakonec objevil n\u011bco velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho. V japon\u0161tin\u011b existuj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 formy rozkazovac\u00edho zp\u016fsobu, kter\u00e9 nejsou tak hrub\u00e9 jako ta, kterou jsme se nau\u010dili v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto forem pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u017eeny a jin\u00e9 jsou tvo\u0159eny tak, aby vyjad\u0159ovaly rozkaz.<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob, kter\u00fd mohou \u017eeny pou\u017e\u00edvat<\/h3>\n

V mnoha situac\u00edch ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota mus\u00ed \u017eeny d\u00e1t najevo svou autoritu, a\u0165 u\u017e v\u016f\u010di sv\u00fdm d\u011btem, nebo sv\u00fdm man\u017eel\u016fm :-). Ve skute\u010dnosti kdykoli bude \u017eena pot\u0159ebovat vyj\u00e1d\u0159it se autoritativn\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edt formu\u00a0ud\u011blejte to<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n

Ale pamatujte si, \u017ee aby nebyla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za hrubou, h\u00e1davou nebo n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho, m\u011bla by \u017eena pou\u017e\u00edvat pouze tvar\u00a0ud\u011blejte to<\/acronym>\u00a0s lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed j\u00ed jsou velmi bl\u00edzc\u00ed, jako jsou jej\u00ed d\u011bti a man\u017eel.<\/p>\n

Opravdov\u00fd mu\u017e to tak\u00e9 nos\u00ed\u00a0ud\u011blejte to<\/acronym>?<\/h3>\n

Tato pochybnost mi vrtala hlavou, kdy\u017e jsem se do\u010detl, \u017ee i mu\u017ei mohou nosit tento model\u00a0ud\u011blejte to<\/acronym>. Ve skute\u010dnosti forma\u00a0ud\u011blejte to<\/acronym>\u00a0zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee se tento v\u00fdraz \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, kdy\u017e je mluv\u010d\u00ed v nad\u0159azen\u00e9 pozici nebo se tak c\u00edt\u00ed.<\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tvar\u00a0ud\u011blejte to<\/acronym>\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee ji pou\u017e\u00edt u\u010ditel p\u0159i rozhovoru se \u017e\u00e1kem nebo vedouc\u00ed p\u0159i rozhovoru se sv\u00fdmi pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n

Sklon\u011bn\u00ed tvaru\u00a0ud\u011blejte to<\/acronym><\/h3>\n

\u010casov\u00e1n\u00ed slovesa v tvaru\u00a0ud\u011blejte to<\/acronym>\u00a0Je to velmi snadn\u00e9, proto\u017ee pro v\u0161echna slovesa plat\u00ed jedin\u00e9 pravidlo a neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdjimky, ani u nepravideln\u00fdch sloves.<\/p>\n

Sta\u010d\u00ed zm\u011bnit koncovku\u00a0\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0ze v\u0161ech sloves \u010dasovan\u00fdch v t\u00e9to form\u011b\u00a0\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0ukon\u010den\u00edm\u00a0ud\u011blejte to<\/acronym>. Dostaneme tedy:<\/p>\n

\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0zm\u011bny\u00a0Napi\u0161 to<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0zm\u011bny\u00a0Kupte si to<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Ve v\u011bt\u011b s t\u011bmito slovesy mus\u00ed p\u0159eklad vyj\u00e1d\u0159it sp\u00ed\u0161e my\u0161lenku zdvo\u0159ilosti ne\u017e p\u0159\u00edkazu \u010di rozkazu, jak je zn\u00e1me. Pod\u00edvejte se na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n

Napi\u0161 dopis<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Rozkazovac\u00ed v\u011bty s\u00a0Tamaye<\/acronym><\/h3>\n

Tuto formu imperativu Japonci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jen z\u0159\u00eddka, ale \u010dasto se objevuj\u00ed v anime a mang\u00e1ch<\/a>. M\u00e1 stejn\u00fd smysl pro tvar\u00a0ud\u011blejte to<\/acronym>, jen\u017ee s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm d\u016frazem na autoritu a aroganci.<\/p>\n

Tvar\u00a0Tamaye<\/acronym>\u00a0je sestavena stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jako tvar\u00a0ud\u011blejte to<\/acronym>. Sta\u010d\u00ed zm\u011bnit koncovku\u00a0\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>\u00a0sloves podle koncovky\u00a0Tamaye<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n

Budeme si hr\u00e1t<\/acronym>\u00a0zm\u011bny\u00a0Hraj si<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n

Hraj si s d\u011btmi.<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Tvar\u00a0ud\u011blej to<\/acronym><\/h3>\n

Toto byla posledn\u00ed z imperativn\u00edch tvar\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsem se nau\u010dil. Jak jste si mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u0161imli, tento imperativ pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 slovesa ve tvaru\u00a0\u3066<\/acronym>\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b se slovesem\u00a0d\u00e1t<\/acronym>, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznik\u00e1 dojem, \u017ee mi n\u011bco d\u00e1v\u00e1 nebo mi prokazuje laskavost, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se jasn\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob a vyjad\u0159uje se p\u0159\u00edkaz nebo \u017e\u00e1dost.<\/p>\n

dej<\/acronym>\u00a0je to prost\u011b rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob nepravideln\u00e9ho slovesa\u00a0d\u00e1t<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n

P\u0159e\u010dti si tuhle knihu.<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011brem<\/h2>\n

Z toho, co jsme pochopili, nen\u00ed tvo\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bt s p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00fdmi slovesy nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Sta\u010d\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat slovesa tak, jak jsme se je nau\u010dili, a p\u0159ev\u00e9st je do p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9ho zp\u016fsobu. Pokud jde o \u017eensk\u00e9 publikum, sta\u010d\u00ed d\u00e1vat pozor na to, aby se pou\u017e\u00edval spr\u00e1vn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00fd zp\u016fsob. Nen\u00ed to nic slo\u017eit\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

Obr\u00e1zek:\u00a0starosta<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n

Cvi\u010den\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edho psan\u00ed kand\u017ei<\/h2>\n

N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny\u00a0Japonsk\u00e9 ideografick\u00e9 symboly<\/a>\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. V\u00fdb\u011br po\u017eadovan\u00fdch kand\u017ei zkop\u00edrujte a vlo\u017ete je do pole\u00a0Pracovn\u00ed list pro procvi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed kany a kand\u017ei<\/a>\u00a0otev\u0159e se nov\u00e9 okno, ve kter\u00e9m si m\u016f\u017eete prohl\u00e9dnout soubor k vytisknut\u00ed a procvi\u010dit si japonskou kaligrafii zakryt\u00edm \u0161ed\u00fdch symbol\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm pokusem o vlastn\u00ed psan\u00ed. Sta\u010d\u00ed vytisknout a procvi\u010dovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u6559<\/td>\n\u8d77<\/td>\n\u5f85<\/td>\n\u5e30<\/td>\n\u98f2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u8cb7<\/td>\n\u98df<\/td>\n\u898b<\/td>\n\u66f8<\/td>\n\u8d77<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6765<\/td>\n\u624b<\/td>\n\u7d19<\/td>\n\u904a<\/td>\n\u5b50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u8aad<\/td>\n\u672c<\/td>\n\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nau\u010dte se v\u00edce o rozkazovac\u00edch v\u011bt\u00e1ch v japon\u0161tin\u011b a roz\u0161i\u0159te si slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobu! P\u0159esto\u017ee je toto t\u00e9ma ur\u010deno pro st\u0159edn\u011b pokro\u010dil\u00e9 studenty japon\u0161tiny, mysl\u00edm, \u017ee je \u010das si o rozkazovac\u00edch v\u011bt\u00e1ch v japon\u0161tin\u011b n\u011bco \u0159\u00edci.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":2100,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,73,60],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2099","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2099","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2099"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2099\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2099"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2099"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2099"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}