{"id":2108,"date":"2009-11-04T06:21:42","date_gmt":"2009-11-04T08:21:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2108"},"modified":"2026-08-15T18:29:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T21:29:12","slug":"jak-v-japonstine-rict-ze-neco-chces","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/como-dizer-que-quer-algo-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Hoshii (\u6b32\u3057\u3044) v japon\u0161tin\u011b: jak \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee n\u011bco chcete"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Chcete-li \u0159\u00edct \u201cchci n\u011bco\u201d v japon\u0161tin\u011b, jednou z neju\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch struktur je <strong><span lang=\"ja\">N\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span> (N ga hoshii desu)<\/strong>. Slovo <span lang=\"ja\">Chci<\/span> (\u307b\u3057\u3044, <em>hoshii<\/em>) ozna\u010duje, \u017ee si p\u0159ejete v\u011bc: knihu, voln\u00fd \u010das, p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost nebo jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no.<\/p>\n\n<p>Volba se m\u011bn\u00ed, kdy\u017e p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuje \u010dinnost. Pro \u201cchci ud\u011blat\u201d se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/slovesa-v-japonstine-ve-tvaru\/\">forma <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span> sloves<\/a>. Pro \u201cchci, aby n\u011bkdo ud\u011blal\u201d se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span>. Rozd\u00edl se zd\u00e1 mal\u00fd, ale zabra\u0148uje matouc\u00edm v\u011bt\u00e1m a \u017e\u00e1dostem, kter\u00e9 zn\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u011bji, ne\u017e jste zam\u00fd\u0161leli.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Rychl\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f: jak \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee chcete n\u011bco v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pou\u017eijte strukturu:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Osoba \u306f + v\u011bc \u304c + <span lang=\"ja\">Cht\u011bl bych to<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>V konverzaci se t\u00e9ma s <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> obvykle vynech\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e je ji\u017e jasn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8f9e\u66f8\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Watashi wa atarashii jisho ga hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Chci nov\u00fd slovn\u00edk.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3046\u5c11\u3057\u6642\u9593\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Mou sukoshi jikan ga hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Cht\u011bl bych m\u00edt trochu v\u00edce \u010dasu.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4f55\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Nani ga hoshii desu ka.<\/em><br \/>Co chce\u0161?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Po\u017eadovan\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt obvykle p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed s <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/kdy-pouzit-castici-ga\/\">\u010d\u00e1stice <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span><\/a>. To je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vzor, kter\u00fd stoj\u00ed za to si zapamatovat: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6c34\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span>, ne <span lang=\"ja\">\u6c34\u3092\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Co znamen\u00e1 hoshii?<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">Chci<\/span> m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159elo\u017eeno jako \u201ccht\u00edt\u201d, \u201cp\u0159\u00e1t si\u201d nebo \u201cm\u00edt r\u00e1d\u201d, v z\u00e1vislosti na kontextu. I kdy\u017e se v portugalsk\u00e9m p\u0159ekladu \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1 slovesem, gramaticky je to <strong>\u3044-adjektivum<\/strong>. Proto se jeho sklo\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00ed stejn\u00fdm vzorem jako slova jako <span lang=\"ja\">\u65b0\u3057\u3044<\/span> (nov\u00fd) a <span lang=\"ja\">\u697d\u3057\u3044<\/span> (z\u00e1bavn\u00fd).<\/p>\n\n<p>Pokud je tato klasifikace pro v\u00e1s st\u00e1le nov\u00e1, zopakujte si <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/pridavna-jmena-v-japonstine\/\">\u3044-adjektiva v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>. Pochopen\u00ed tohoto z\u00e1kladu \u010din\u00ed z\u00e1porn\u00e9 a minul\u00e9 tvary <span lang=\"ja\">Chci<\/span> mnohem p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Jak \u010dasovat \u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>\u010cas a polarita<\/th><th>Tvar<\/th><th>P\u0159ibli\u017en\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Neminul\u00fd kladn\u00fd<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">Cht\u011bl bych to<\/span><br \/><em>hoshii desu<\/em><\/td><td>chci<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Neminul\u00fd z\u00e1porn\u00fd<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b32\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><em>hoshikunai desu<\/em><\/td><td>nechci<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Minulost kladn\u00e1<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b32\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><em>hoshikatta desu<\/em><\/td><td>cht\u011bl \/ cht\u011bla jsem<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negativn\u00ed minulost<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b32\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><em>hoshikunakatta desu<\/em><\/td><td>necht\u011bl \/ necht\u011bla jsem<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h3>P\u0159\u00edklady v kladn\u00e9m a z\u00e1porn\u00e9m tvaru<\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u65c5\u884c\u306e\u5199\u771f\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Ryokou no shashin ga hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Chci fotky z cesty.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kyou wa koohii ga hoshikunai desu.<\/em><br \/>Dnes nechci k\u00e1vu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>P\u0159\u00edklady v minul\u00e9m \u010dase<\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3001\u72ac\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kodomo no toki, inu ga hoshikatta desu.<\/em><br \/>Kdy\u017e jsem byl d\u00edt\u011b, cht\u011bl jsem psa.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u524d\u306f\u8eca\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Mae wa kuruma ga hoshikunakatta desu.<\/em><br \/>D\u0159\u00edve jsem necht\u011bl auto.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>V japon\u0161tin\u011b m\u016f\u017ee takzvan\u00fd \u201cnep\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das\u201d mluvit jak o p\u0159\u00edtomnosti, tak o budouc\u00ed situaci. Okam\u017eik je obvykle jasn\u00fd ze slov jako <span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca<\/span> (te\u010f), <span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5<\/span> (dnes) nebo z kontextu.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>Kdy pou\u017e\u00edt \u304c a kdy \u306f s \u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/h2>\n\n<p>V neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bt\u011b, <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> ozna\u010duje to, co je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">Chci nov\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d.<\/span><br \/><em>Atarashii pasokon ga hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Chci nov\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> m\u016f\u017ee se objevit, kdy\u017e je kontrast nebo kdy\u017e je polo\u017eka ji\u017e t\u00e9matem konverzace:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">Chci po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, ale nepot\u0159ebuji tablet.<\/span><br \/><em>Pasokon wa hoshii desu ga, taburetto wa irimasen.<\/em><br \/>Chci po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, ale nepot\u0159ebuji tablet.<\/p>\n\n<p>To nem\u011bn\u00ed <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> v automatickou n\u00e1hradu za <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span>. Pro za\u010d\u00e1tek si zapamatujte <span lang=\"ja\">N\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span> a pou\u017eijte <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> kdy\u017e existuje jasn\u00fd d\u016fvod pro topicalizaci nebo kontrast podstatn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Hoshii v neform\u00e1ln\u00edch a zdvo\u0159il\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n\n<p>Forma bez <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span>jako <span lang=\"ja\">Chci nov\u00e9 boty<\/span>, je b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 v neform\u00e1ln\u00edch konverzac\u00edch a osobn\u00edch my\u0161lenk\u00e1ch. P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> \u010din\u00ed v\u011btu zdvo\u0159ilou, ale nem\u011bn\u00ed sklo\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed <span lang=\"ja\">Chci<\/span>: kdo se m\u011bn\u00ed na negativn\u00ed nebo minul\u00fd \u010das, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">Chci tohle.<\/span><br \/><em>Kore ga hoshii.<\/em><br \/>Chci tohle. (neform\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">Chci tohle.<\/span><br \/><em>Kore ga hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Chci tohle. (zdvo\u0159il\u00e9)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u6b32\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kore wa hoshikunai desu.<\/em><br \/>Isto eu n\u00e3o quero. (polido, com contraste)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 poss\u00edvel usar <span lang=\"ja\">\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304c<\/span> para apresentar uma necessidade ou desejo e deixar que o interlocutor responda. Em uma papelaria, por exemplo:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u767d\u3044\u7d19\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304c\u2026\u2026\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Shiroi kami ga hoshii n desu ga&#8230;<\/em><br \/>Eu gostaria de papel branco&#8230;<\/p>\n\n<p>A frase n\u00e3o termina com uma pergunta expl\u00edcita. O final <span lang=\"ja\">\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304c<\/span> cria espa\u00e7o para a outra pessoa oferecer ajuda, fazer uma pergunta ou indicar onde encontrar o item. Esse recurso \u00e9 \u00fatil quando o contexto torna o pedido previs\u00edvel, mas n\u00e3o substitui todas as formas de solicitar algo.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Hoshii significa \u201cquerer\u201d ou \u201cprecisar\u201d?<\/h2>\n\n<p>A tradu\u00e7\u00e3o mais segura de <span lang=\"ja\">Chci<\/span> \u00e9 \u201cquerer\u201d ou \u201cdesejar\u201d. Em portugu\u00eas, \u00e0s vezes traduzimos uma frase como \u201cpreciso de\u201d porque isso soa mais natural na situa\u00e7\u00e3o, mas essa equival\u00eancia depende do contexto.<\/p>\n\n<p>Porovnejte:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4f11\u307f\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Yasumi ga hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Eu quero uma folga \/ preciso de uma folga.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u30d1\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Pasupooto ga hitsuyou desu.<\/em><br \/>\u00c9 necess\u00e1rio ter um passaporte \/ preciso de um passaporte.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Na primeira frase, o falante expressa desejo. Na segunda, <span lang=\"ja\">\u5fc5\u8981<\/span> indica necessidade objetiva. Traduzir todo <span lang=\"ja\">Chci<\/span> como \u201cprecisar\u201d pode apagar essa diferen\u00e7a.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Hoshii a tai: jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v typu touhy:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">N\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span><\/strong>: chci v\u011bc.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">V\u307e\u3059 + \u305f\u3044<\/span><\/strong>: chci prov\u00e9st akci.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Porovnejte:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u672c\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Nihongo no hon ga hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Chci japonskou knihu.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Nihongo no hon o yomitai desu.<\/em><br \/>Chci \u010d\u00edst japonskou knihu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>V prvn\u00ed v\u011bt\u011b je d\u016fraz na \u017e\u00e1danou v\u011bc: knihu. Ve druh\u00e9 je d\u016fraz na akci \u010dten\u00ed. Pro bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 vytvo\u0159en\u00ed druh\u00e9 struktury se pod\u00edvejte tak\u00e9 na <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-tvorit-vety-v-japonstine\/\">jak uspo\u0159\u00e1dat v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Jak mluvit o touze jin\u00e9 osoby?<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">Chci<\/span> popisuje vnit\u0159n\u00ed stav. Proto je p\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat ho pro vlastn\u00ed touhu nebo v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch sm\u011b\u0159ovan\u00fdch na partnera. P\u0159i tvrzen\u00ed o touze t\u0159et\u00ed osoby japon\u0161tina obvykle uv\u00e1d\u00ed zdroj informace nebo pozorovateln\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h3>P\u0159evypr\u00e1v\u011bt, co osoba \u0159ekla<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u7f8e\u54b2\u3055\u3093\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u81ea\u8ee2\u8eca\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Misaki-san wa atarashii jitensha ga hoshii to itte imasu.<\/em><br \/>Misaki \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee chce nov\u00e9 kolo.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Popsat vn\u00edmanou touhu<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f1f\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u3092\u6b32\u3057\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Otouto wa atarashii geemu o hoshigatte imasu.<\/em><br \/>M\u016fj mlad\u0161\u00ed bratr chce novou hru.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b32\u3057\u304c\u308b<\/span> funguje jako sloveso a obvykle ozna\u010duje \u017e\u00e1danou v\u011bc pomoc\u00ed <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span>. A nuance \u00e9 \u201cdar sinais de que quer\u201d, n\u00e3o acessar diretamente o pensamento da pessoa. Em relatos, <span lang=\"ja\">\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/span> costuma ser a alternativa mais transparente.<\/p>\n\n<h2>O que significa V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e <span lang=\"ja\">Chci<\/span> vem depois de um <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/sloveso-v-japonstine\/\">sloveso v tvaru <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span><\/a>, o sentido deixa de ser \u201cquero uma coisa\u201d e passa a ser <strong>\u201cquero que algu\u00e9m fa\u00e7a algo\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>A estrutura b\u00e1sica \u00e9:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Pessoa \u306b + objeto \u3092 + verbo na forma \u3066 + <span lang=\"ja\">Chci<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u307f\u306a\u3055\u3093\u306b\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Minasan ni kono hon o yonde hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Quero que todos leiam este livro.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u306b\u624b\u4f1d\u3063\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Tomodachi ni tetsudatte hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Quero que um amigo me ajude.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono eiga o mite hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Quero que voc\u00ea veja este filme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Observe a forma correta <span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span>: o verbo <span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3080<\/span> oto\u010d\u00ed se na <span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3093\u3067<\/span> na forma <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span>. Formas como <span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span> est\u00e3o incorretas.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Je V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044 rozkaz?<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u00e3o necessariamente. A estrutura expressa um desejo dirigido \u00e0 a\u00e7\u00e3o de outra pessoa. Dependendo da rela\u00e7\u00e3o, da entona\u00e7\u00e3o e da situa\u00e7\u00e3o, por\u00e9m, a forma direta <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span> pode soar forte, insistente ou exigente.<\/p>\n\n<p>Entre pessoas pr\u00f3ximas, ela pode ser natural:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5\u306f\u65e9\u304f\u6765\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Ashita wa hayaku kite hoshii.<\/em><br \/>Quero que voc\u00ea venha cedo amanh\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n<p>Quando voc\u00ea est\u00e1 pedindo ajuda ou falando com algu\u00e9m pouco pr\u00f3ximo, uma formula\u00e7\u00e3o com <span lang=\"ja\">\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304c<\/span> apresenta o pedido de modo menos abrupto:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3001\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u898b\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304c\u2026\u2026\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Sumimasen, chotto mite hoshii n desu ga&#8230;<\/em><br \/>Com licen\u00e7a, eu gostaria que voc\u00ea desse uma olhada&#8230;<\/p>\n\n<p>Em situa\u00e7\u00f5es formais ou com superiores, prefira um pedido adequado ao grau de polidez, como <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3051\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/span>. Portanto, <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span> n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma constru\u00e7\u00e3o reservada a chefes, mas tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o \u00e9 automaticamente cort\u00eas s\u00f3 porque termina em <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Mini di\u00e1logo com V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304c<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304c\u2026\u2026\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Sumimasen, kono meeru o mite hoshii n desu ga&#8230;<\/em><br \/>Com licen\u00e7a, gostaria que voc\u00ea desse uma olhada neste e-mail&#8230;<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f\u3044\u3001\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3088\u3002\u3069\u3046\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Hai, ii desu yo. Dou shimashita ka.<\/em><br \/>Claro. O que aconteceu?<\/p>\n\n<p>A fala de A apresenta o pedido sem transformar <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span> em uma ordem. B aceita e pede mais contexto. Em uma situa\u00e7\u00e3o de atendimento ou diante de algu\u00e9m hierarquicamente superior, uma pergunta com <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3051\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/span> pode ser mais apropriada.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns com hoshii<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Pou\u017eijte <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> na adrese <span lang=\"ja\">N\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span>.<\/strong> Para uma coisa desejada, o padr\u00e3o b\u00e1sico \u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">N\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zach\u00e1zet s <span lang=\"ja\">Chci<\/span> como verbo na conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/strong> Ele \u00e9 um adjetivo em \u3044: <span lang=\"ja\">Nechci<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">cht\u011bl jsem<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pou\u017eijte <span lang=\"ja\">Chci<\/span> para \u201cquero fazer\u201d.<\/strong> Com a\u00e7\u00f5es pr\u00f3prias, use <span lang=\"ja\">V\u305f\u3044<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Colocar o verbo no passado antes de <span lang=\"ja\">\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span>.<\/strong> Para \u201cquero que leia\u201d, diga <span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span>, com a <span lang=\"ja\">tvar \u3066<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Presumir o desejo de outra pessoa.<\/strong> Em afirma\u00e7\u00f5es sobre terceiros, cite o que ela disse ou use uma forma que indique observa\u00e7\u00e3o, como <span lang=\"ja\">\u6b32\u3057\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ignorar a rela\u00e7\u00e3o social.<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u4f55\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/span> \u00e9 poss\u00edvel, mas pode ser direto demais para perguntar a uma pessoa de posi\u00e7\u00e3o superior o que ela quer.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcio r\u00e1pido<\/h2>\n\n<p>Escolha entre <span lang=\"ja\">Chci<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Eu quero uma c\u00e2mera nova.<\/li>\n<li>Eu quero tirar fotos em Kyoto.<\/li>\n<li>Eu quero que meu amigo veja estas fotos.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>Odpov\u011bdi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30ab\u30e1\u30e9\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Atarashii kamera ga hoshii desu.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eac\u90fd\u3067\u5199\u771f\u3092\u64ae\u308a\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kyouto de shashin o toritai desu.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u306b\u3053\u306e\u5199\u771f\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Tomodachi ni kono shashin o mite hoshii desu.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>O resumo \u00e9 simples: <strong>coisa + <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span><\/strong>, <strong>a\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00f3pria + <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/strong> e <strong>a\u00e7\u00e3o de outra pessoa + <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span><\/strong>. Ao dominar essa separa\u00e7\u00e3o, voc\u00ea passa a expressar desejos de forma muito mais clara em japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-442738160f4db\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Co znamen\u00e1 hoshii v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Hoshii (\u6b32\u3057\u3044) vyjad\u0159uje touhu vlastnit v\u011bc. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed struktura je N\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059, jako v \u65b0\u3057\u3044\u672c\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059: \u2018Chci novou knihu\u2019.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-7b3b68894698c\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Je Hoshii sloveso nebo p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u6b32\u3057\u3044 je p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no typu \u3044, i kdy\u017e se do portugal\u0161tiny obvykle p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 slovesem \u2018querer\u2019. Proto se oh\u00fdb\u00e1 jako \u6b32\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044, \u6b32\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f a \u6b32\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-c4a0ffd7c3180\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jakou \u010d\u00e1stici pou\u017e\u00edt s hoshii?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Pro ozna\u010den\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 v\u011bci se v z\u00e1kladn\u00edm vzoru pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u304c: N\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044. \u010c\u00e1stice \u306f se m\u016f\u017ee objevit pro ozna\u010den\u00ed t\u00e9matu nebo kontrastu, ale \u3092 se s p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem \u6b32\u3057\u3044 v t\u00e9to struktu\u0159e nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-ddf6628a6ccf1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi hoshii a tai?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>N\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee chcete n\u011bjakou v\u011bc. V\u305f\u3044 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee chcete prov\u00e9st n\u011bjakou akci. \u672c\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044 znamen\u00e1 \u2018chci knihu\u2019; \u672c\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u305f\u3044 znamen\u00e1 \u2018chci \u010d\u00edst knihu\u2019.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-26349b534c244\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Co znamen\u00e1 te hoshii?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mluv\u010d\u00ed chce, aby jin\u00e1 osoba provedla akci. \u8aad\u3093\u3067\u307b\u3057\u3044 je \u2018chci, abys \u010detl\u2019; sloveso mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ve tvaru \u3066.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d7f8e4d74d850\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Je V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044 rozkaz?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ne nutn\u011b. Tato struktura vyjad\u0159uje p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed ohledn\u011b \u010dinnosti jin\u00e9 osoby, ale p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 forma m\u016f\u017ee zn\u00edt siln\u011b v z\u00e1vislosti na vztahu a kontextu. V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304c zm\u011bk\u010duje p\u0159edstaven\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dosti; form\u00e1ln\u00ed situace mohou vy\u017eadovat zdvo\u0159ilej\u0161\u00ed formu.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-eca324d584b26\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee jin\u00e1 osoba n\u011bco chce, v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>M\u016f\u017eete uv\u00e9st, co \u0159ekla, pomoc\u00ed N\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059. Pro popis pozorovateln\u00fdch znak\u016f touhy je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u6b32\u3057\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 a ozna\u010duje \u017e\u00e1danou v\u011bc pomoc\u00ed \u3092.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Fontes para aprofundar<\/h2>\n\n<p>As explica\u00e7\u00f5es foram conferidas em materiais da Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Jap\u00e3o: a entrada <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00156\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span lang=\"ja\">N\u304c\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span> do Minna no Kyozai<\/a>, o <a href=\"https:\/\/a1.marugotoweb.jp\/ja\/appendix_06.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">quadro de flex\u00e3o dos adjetivos em \u3044 do Marugoto<\/a>, o cap\u00edtulo do Irodori sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/pre-intermediate\/pdf\/ZZ_L11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304c<\/span><\/a> e o artigo <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpf.go.jp\/j\/project\/japanese\/teach\/tsushin\/grammar\/201507.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Express\u00e3o de desejo<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dte se pou\u017e\u00edvat hoshii (\u6b32\u3057\u3044) k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bco chcete v japon\u0161tin\u011b, \u010dasovat v\u00fdraz a rozli\u0161ovat \u305f\u3044, \u6b32\u3057\u304c\u308b a \u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2117,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2108"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4434,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2108\/revisions\/4434"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2117"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}