{"id":2132,"date":"2009-11-04T06:32:27","date_gmt":"2009-11-04T08:32:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2132"},"modified":"2026-08-15T17:29:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T20:29:12","slug":"potencialni-forma-japonskych-sloves","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/forma-potencial-dos-verbos-japoneses\/","title":{"rendered":"Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed tvar japonsk\u00fdch sloves: praktick\u00fd pr\u016fvodce"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A <strong>potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed tvar v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/strong> ozna\u010duje, \u017ee n\u011bkdo dok\u00e1\u017ee prov\u00e9st n\u011bjakou \u010dinnost nebo \u017ee je \u010dinnost mo\u017en\u00e1 za dan\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span> znamen\u00e1 \u201cdok\u00e1\u017eu mluvit\u201d, zat\u00edmco <span lang=\"ja\">\u4f7f\u3048\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span> m\u016f\u017ee znamenat \u201cnen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tento tvar s\u00e1m o sob\u011b nen\u00ed form\u00e1ln\u00ed ani neform\u00e1ln\u00ed. Zdvo\u0159ilost z\u00e1vis\u00ed na koncovce: <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> pat\u0159\u00ed do jednoduch\u00e9ho stylu a <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span> do zdvo\u0159il\u00e9ho stylu. Konstrukce <span lang=\"ja\">verbo + \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> vyjad\u0159uje podobn\u00e9 v\u00fdznamy a m\u016f\u017ee se tak\u00e9 objevit v obou registrech.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Co vyjad\u0159uje potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed tvar?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed tvar, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd <span lang=\"ja\">\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62<\/span> (<em>kan\u014dkei<\/em>), p\u0159edstavuje \u010dinnost jako mo\u017enou. Kontext ukazuje, zda v\u011bta hovo\u0159\u00ed o schopnosti osoby, o p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti nebo o vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f \u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054\u304c \u306f\u306a\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Watashi wa nihongo ga hanasemasu.<\/em><br \/>Dok\u00e1\u017eu mluvit japonsky.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u3067\u306f\u5199\u771f\u304c\u64ae\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e \u3073\u3058\u3085\u3064\u304b\u3093\u3067\u306f \u3057\u3083\u3057\u3093\u304c \u3068\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono bijutsukan de wa shashin ga toremasen.<\/em><br \/>V tomto muzeu nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 fotografovat.<\/p>\n\n<p>Prvn\u00ed v\u011bta popisuje schopnost. Druh\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje nemo\u017enost zp\u016fsobenou pravidly nebo podm\u00ednkami m\u00edsta. V \u010de\u0161tin\u011b se ob\u011b my\u0161lenky obvykle p\u0159ekl\u00e1daj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed \u201cmoci\u201d nebo \u201cdok\u00e1zat\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Jsou forma potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed a \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b ekvivalentn\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ob\u011b konstrukce mohou vyjad\u0159ovat schopnost a mo\u017enost. Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pravidlo, podle kter\u00e9ho by <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> byla nutn\u011b neform\u00e1ln\u00ed a forma potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed form\u00e1ln\u00ed. Srovnejte:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Struktura<\/th><th>Jednoduch\u00fd styl<\/th><th>Zdvo\u0159il\u00fd styl<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Forma potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Forma potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 kompaktn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> \u010din\u00ed d\u011bj explicitn\u00edm jako celek \u2014 doslova \u201cje mo\u017en\u00e9 vykonat akt\u2026\u201d. Proto se \u010dasto objevuje ve vysv\u011btlen\u00edch o slu\u017eb\u00e1ch, pravidlech, zdroj\u00edch a dostupn\u00fdch aktivit\u00e1ch. Volba z\u00e1vis\u00ed na v\u011bt\u011b a kontextu, ne na pevn\u00e9m protikladu form\u00e1lnosti.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Jak tvo\u0159it slovesa ve form\u011b potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nejprve ur\u010dete, zda je sloveso godan, ichidan nebo nepravideln\u00e9. Pokud toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zopakujte si <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/skupiny-sloves-v-japonstine\/\">skupiny sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Slovesa godan: p\u0159ejd\u011bte ze sloupce U do sloupce E a p\u0159idejte \u308b<\/h3>\n\n<p>U sloves godan se posledn\u00ed mora zm\u011bn\u00ed na odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed moru ze sloupce E a dostane <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Konec<\/th><th>Zm\u011bna<\/th><th>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/th><th>Forma potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3046<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3048\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/span> (<em>kau<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3048\u308b<\/span> (<em>kaeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u304f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3051\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304f<\/span> (<em>kaku<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u3051\u308b<\/span> (<em>kakeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3050<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3052\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6cf3\u3050<\/span> (<em>oyogu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6cf3\u3052\u308b<\/span> (<em>oyogeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u3059<\/span> (<em>hanasu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> (<em>hanaseru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3064<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f85\u3064<\/span> (<em>matsu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f85\u3066\u308b<\/span> (<em>materu<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306c<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306d\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/span> (<em>shinu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b7b\u306d\u308b<\/span> (<em>shineru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3076<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3079\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u904a\u3076<\/span> (<em>asobu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u904a\u3079\u308b<\/span> (<em>asoberu<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3080<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3081\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3080<\/span> (<em>yomu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3081\u308b<\/span> (<em>yomeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> (<em>kaeru<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>kaereru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Sloveso <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> kon\u010d\u00ed na <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span>, mas \u00e9 godan. Por isso, forma <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c\u308b<\/span>, a ne <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>. A termina\u00e7\u00e3o visual sozinha n\u00e3o basta para descobrir o grupo.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Verbos ichidan: retire \u308b e acrescente \u3089\u308c\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>taberu \u2192 taberareru<\/em>) \u2014 conseguir comer;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308b \u2192 \u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>miru \u2192 mirareru<\/em>) \u2014 conseguir ver;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b \u2192 \u8d77\u304d\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>okiru \u2192 okirareru<\/em>) \u2014 conseguir acordar ou levantar-se.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>Verbos irregulares<\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> (<em>suru \u2192 dekiru<\/em>) \u2014 conseguir fazer;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>kuru \u2192 korareru<\/em>) \u2014 conseguir vir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Compostos em <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> seguem o mesmo padr\u00e3o: <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e88\u7d04\u3059\u308b<\/span> oto\u010d\u00ed se na <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e88\u7d04\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">u\u010dit se<\/span> oto\u010d\u00ed se na <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>Como conjugar um verbo potencial<\/h2>\n\n<p>Depois de formada, a maioria das formas potenciais se comporta como um verbo ichidan. Assim, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel criar negativa, passado e formas polidas com um padr\u00e3o regular. As p\u00e1ginas sobre a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/neformalni-zpusoby-sloves-v-japonstine\/\">forma simples dos verbos<\/a> a a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/masu-forma-sloves-v-japonstine\/\">formu \u307e\u3059<\/a> ajudam a revisar essas termina\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Funkce<\/th><th><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/th><th><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Neminul\u00fd kladn\u00fd<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Neminul\u00fd z\u00e1porn\u00fd<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Minulost kladn\u00e1<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negativn\u00ed minulost<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Polido afirmativo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Polido negativo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h2>Capacidade pessoal e possibilidade da situa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n<h3>Capacidade ou habilidade<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u59b9\u306f\u767e\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u6cf3\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3082\u3046\u3068\u306f \u3072\u3083\u304f\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb \u304a\u3088\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Im\u014dto wa hyaku m\u0113toru oyogemasu.<\/em><br \/>Minha irm\u00e3 consegue nadar cem metros.<\/p>\n\n<p>A frase descreve uma habilidade da pessoa. O mesmo racioc\u00ednio aparece em <span lang=\"ja\">\u6f22\u5b57\u304c\u8aad\u3081\u308b<\/span> (\u201cconseguir ler kanji\u201d) e <span lang=\"ja\">\u8eca\u3092\u904b\u8ee2\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> (\u201csaber\/conseguir dirigir\u201d).<\/p>\n\n<h3>Condi\u00e7\u00e3o, oportunidade ou permiss\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3067\u306f\u7121\u6599\u3067Wi-Fi\u304c\u4f7f\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e \u3068\u3057\u3087\u304b\u3093\u3067\u306f \u3080\u308a\u3087\u3046\u3067 \u30ef\u30a4\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u304c \u3064\u304b\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono toshokan de wa mury\u014d de waifai ga tsukaemasu.<\/em><br \/>Nesta biblioteca, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel usar Wi-Fi gratuitamente.<\/p>\n\n<p>A pessoa pode ou n\u00e3o ter uma habilidade especial; o ponto principal \u00e9 que o local oferece essa possibilidade. \u00c9 por isso que placas, guias e descri\u00e7\u00f5es de servi\u00e7os usam tanto a forma potencial quanto <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Devo usar a part\u00edcula \u304c ou \u3092?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Na transforma\u00e7\u00e3o ensinada a iniciantes, o objeto marcado por <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> costuma aparecer com <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> diante da forma potencial:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Falo japon\u00eas.<br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Consigo falar japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n<p>Esse \u00e9 um padr\u00e3o neutro e seguro. Por\u00e9m, frases com <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> tamb\u00e9m ocorrem na fala e na escrita contempor\u00e2neas, especialmente quando o falante mant\u00e9m a a\u00e7\u00e3o e seu objeto em foco. Portanto, <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> n\u00e3o deve ser descartada automaticamente como errada.<\/p>\n\n<p>Para come\u00e7ar, use <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> em afirma\u00e7\u00f5es neutras de capacidade e aprenda a reconhecer <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> em usos reais. O guia de <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/zakladni-castice-v-japonstine\/\">z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a> ajuda a revisar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o geral dessas marcas na frase.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como distinguir potencial e voz passiva<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nos verbos ichidan e em <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b<\/span>, a forma em <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> tamb\u00e9m pode ter valor passivo. O contexto e as part\u00edculas mostram a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u9b5a\u304c\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Watashi wa sakana ga taberaremasu.<\/em><br \/>Eu consigo comer peixe. <strong>(potencial)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u9b5a\u306f\u732b\u306b\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Sakana wa neko ni taberaremashita.<\/em><br \/>O peixe foi comido pelo gato. <strong>(passiva)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>V prvn\u00ed v\u011bt\u011b, <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> \u00e9 quem tem a capacidade. Na segunda, <span lang=\"ja\">\u9b5a<\/span> recebe a a\u00e7\u00e3o e <span lang=\"ja\">\u732b\u306b<\/span> indica o agente. Traduzir a termina\u00e7\u00e3o isoladamente n\u00e3o basta.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u898b\u308c\u308b e \u98df\u3079\u308c\u308b: o que \u00e9 \u3089\u629c\u304d?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Na fala, voc\u00ea tamb\u00e9m ouvir\u00e1 <span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308c\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308c\u308b<\/span>, formas em que o <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089<\/span> z <span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> foi omitido. Esse fen\u00f4meno \u00e9 chamado <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089\u629c\u304d\u8a00\u8449<\/span> (<em>ranuki kotoba<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n<p>O uso \u00e9 real e difundido, sobretudo na l\u00edngua falada, mas a aceita\u00e7\u00e3o varia conforme regi\u00e3o, gera\u00e7\u00e3o e grau de formalidade. Para construir uma base est\u00e1vel e escrever em situa\u00e7\u00f5es mais cuidadosas, prefira primeiro as formas completas <span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>. Ao ouvir as vers\u00f5es sem <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089<\/span>, reconhe\u00e7a-as como varia\u00e7\u00f5es de uso, n\u00e3o como um novo grupo verbal.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Forma potencial, forma \u305f\u3044 e \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Tvar<\/th><th>Pergunta principal<\/th><th>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Potencial<\/td><td>\u00c9 poss\u00edvel? A pessoa consegue?<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> \u2014 Consigo falar japon\u00eas.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>A pessoa quer fazer?<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u305f\u3044<\/span> \u2014 Quero falar japon\u00eas.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/span><\/td><td>Vamos fazer juntos?<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/span> \u2014 Vamos falar japon\u00eas.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Capacidade, desejo e proposta s\u00e3o inten\u00e7\u00f5es diferentes. Para aprofundar o contraste, consulte a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/slovesa-v-japonstine-ve-tvaru\/\">forma \u305f\u3044 dos verbos<\/a> a a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/form-mashou-dos-verbos-em-japones\/\">forma \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns com a forma potencial<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tratar potencial como sin\u00f4nimo de formalidade:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> \u00e9 simples; <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span> \u00e9 polido.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dizer que \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b \u00e9 sempre informal:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span> \u00e9 uma constru\u00e7\u00e3o polida e perfeitamente normal.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Classificar todo verbo em \u3044\u308b ou \u3048\u308b como ichidan:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> \u00e9 godan e vira <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conjugar \u3059\u308b regularmente:<\/strong> a forma potencial \u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Proibir \u3092 em qualquer frase potencial:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> \u00e9 o padr\u00e3o did\u00e1tico neutro, mas <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> tamb\u00e9m aparece no uso real.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ignorar a ambiguidade de \u3089\u308c\u308b:<\/strong> em verbos ichidan, o contexto separa potencial e passiva.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Mini di\u00e1logo com capacidade e possibilidade<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Nihongo ga hanasemasu ka.<\/em><br \/>Voc\u00ea consegue falar japon\u00eas?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u5c11\u3057\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u6f22\u5b57\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u8aad\u3081\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Sukoshi hanasemasu. Demo, kanji wa amari yomemasen.<\/em><br \/>Consigo falar um pouco. Mas n\u00e3o consigo ler muitos kanjis.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u3067\u6f22\u5b57\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono apuri de kanji o shiraberu koto ga dekimasu yo.<\/em><br \/>\u00c9 poss\u00edvel consultar kanjis com este aplicativo.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306a\u3089\u8aad\u3081\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>S\u014d desu ka. Kore nara yomes\u014d desu.<\/em><br \/>Entendi. Assim, parece que vou conseguir ler.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcios de forma potencial<\/h2>\n\n<p>Converta cada verbo para a forma potencial simples. Depois, complete as frases.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304f<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u3059<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u5c11\u3057\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c ______\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308b<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u304b\u3089\u6d77\u304c ______\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Zobrazit odpov\u011bdi<\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u3051\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<h2>Resumo e pr\u00f3ximos passos<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nos verbos godan, mude a mora final da coluna U para a coluna E e acrescente <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span>. Nos ichidan, retire <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span> a pou\u017eijte <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>. Memorize tamb\u00e9m <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Depois da forma\u00e7\u00e3o, observe tr\u00eas pontos: o contexto separa habilidade de possibilidade; a termina\u00e7\u00e3o simples ou polida define o registro; e as part\u00edculas ajudam a interpretar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o dos participantes. Para conectar este tema ao restante do idioma, consulte os <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/zakladni-japonska-gramatika\/\">z\u00e1klady japonsk\u00e9 gramatiky<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Perguntas frequentes sobre a forma potencial<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-7cde76a66b534\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">K \u010demu slou\u017e\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed forma v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed forma vyjad\u0159uje, \u017ee n\u011bkdo dok\u00e1\u017ee prov\u00e9st n\u011bjakou \u010dinnost nebo \u017ee je \u010dinnost v ur\u010dit\u00e9 situaci mo\u017en\u00e1. Kontext rozli\u0161uje schopnost, p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednku.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-491c126caf4ec\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak p\u0159ev\u00e9st sloveso do potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho tvaru?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>U sloves godan p\u0159eve\u010fte koncovku ze sloupce U do sloupce E a p\u0159idejte \u308b. U sloves ichidan odstra\u0148te \u308b a pou\u017eijte \u3089\u308c\u308b. Hlavn\u00ed nepravideln\u00e1 slovesa jsou \u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3067\u304d\u308b a \u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-83d3db996eabf\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed formou a \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ob\u011b konstrukce mohou vyjad\u0159ovat schopnost a mo\u017enost. Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed forma je kompaktn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed; \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b \u010din\u00ed akci explicitn\u00ed jako celek. Ob\u011b mohou b\u00fdt jednoduch\u00e9 nebo zdvo\u0159il\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-186353a7f04f6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">M\u00e1m pou\u017e\u00edt \u304c nebo \u3092 s potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed formou?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u304c je neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed standard b\u011b\u017en\u011b vyu\u010dovan\u00fd, jako v \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b \u3092 se tak\u00e9 objevuje v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 mluven\u00e9 i psan\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di a nem\u011blo by b\u00fdt automaticky pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d3ea5ae5e4b7a\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jsou \u898b\u308c\u308b a \u98df\u3079\u308c\u308b spr\u00e1vn\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Tyto tvary bez \u3089 jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v mluven\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di a p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed variaci zvanou \u3089\u629c\u304d. Pro bezpe\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1klad a pro pe\u010dliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed situace preferujte nejprve \u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b, \u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b a \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Fontes oficiais consultadas<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary02\/pdf\/Z_L05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori, li\u00e7\u00e3o 5 do n\u00edvel Elementary 2 \u2014 forma\u00e7\u00e3o e usos da forma potencial<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori, li\u00e7\u00e3o 5 do n\u00edvel Elementary 1 \u2014 constru\u00e7\u00e3o verbo + \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kotoba.ninjal.ac.jp\/qa\/yokuaru\/qa-51\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NINJAL \u2014 varia\u00e7\u00e3o entre \u304c e \u3092 com verbos potenciais<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bunka.go.jp\/kokugo_nihongo\/sisaku\/joho\/joho\/kakuki\/20\/tosin03\/09.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ag\u00eancia de Assuntos Culturais do Jap\u00e3o \u2014 hist\u00f3rico e varia\u00e7\u00e3o de \u3089\u629c\u304d\u8a00\u8449<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/a2-2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/detail\/topic8-sec16-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto \u2014 exemplos de forma potencial afirmativa e negativa<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dte se tvo\u0159it a pou\u017e\u00edvat slovesa v potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm tvaru, rozli\u0161ovat schopnost a mo\u017enost, porovnat \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b a pochopit \u010d\u00e1stice \u304c a \u3092.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":2134,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2132"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2132\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4430,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2132\/revisions\/4430"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2132"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}