{"id":2172,"date":"2010-04-29T09:00:09","date_gmt":"2010-04-29T12:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2172"},"modified":"2026-08-16T00:20:05","modified_gmt":"2026-08-16T03:20:05","slug":"seznam-prechodnych-a-neprechodnych-sloves-v-japonstine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/lista-verbos-transitivos-e-intransitivos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159echodn\u00e1 a nep\u0159echodn\u00e1 slovesa v japon\u0161tin\u011b: seznam a p\u0159\u00edklady"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>P\u0159echodn\u00e1 a nep\u0159echodn\u00e1 slovesa v japon\u0161tin\u011b popisuj\u00ed stejnou situaci z r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fahl\u016f pohledu.<\/strong> P\u0159echodn\u00e9 sloveso ukazuje n\u011bkoho, kdo p\u016fsob\u00ed na p\u0159edm\u011bt, obvykle ve vzoru <strong>osoba \u304c + p\u0159edm\u011bt \u3092 + sloveso<\/strong>. Nep\u0159echodn\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuje n\u011bco, co se d\u011bje nebo m\u011bn\u00ed stav, obvykle jako <strong>prvek \u304c + sloveso<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Porovnejte: <strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> znamen\u00e1 \u201cdve\u0159e se otev\u0159ely\u201d, zat\u00edmco <strong>\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> znamen\u00e1 \u201cTanaka otev\u0159el dve\u0159e\u201d. V prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je d\u016fraz na ud\u00e1lost; ve druh\u00e9m na \u010dinnost osoby v\u016f\u010di dve\u0159\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n<p>Rozd\u00edl nen\u00ed ekvivalentn\u00ed trpn\u00e9mu rodu. Tak\u00e9 neexistuje spolehliv\u00e1 koncovka, kter\u00e1 by odhalila v\u0161echny p\u00e1ry. Nejbezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodou je nau\u010dit se ka\u017ed\u00e9 sloveso s jeho \u010d\u00e1stic\u00ed, v\u00fdznamem a kr\u00e1tkou v\u011btou. Pokud st\u00e1le budujete z\u00e1klady, zopakujte si <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/skupiny-sloves-v-japonstine\/\">skupiny sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a> a pr\u016fvodce <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/zakladni-castice-v-japonstine\/\">\u010d\u00e1sticemi \u306f, \u304c, \u3092, \u306b a \u3067<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Co jsou p\u0159echodn\u00e1 a nep\u0159echodn\u00e1 slovesa v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u305f\u3069\u3046\u3057, tad\u014dshi\uff09<\/strong> je p\u0159echodn\u00e9 sloveso. Vyjad\u0159uje \u010dinnost zam\u011b\u0159enou na p\u0159edm\u011bt: n\u011bkdo n\u011bco otev\u00edr\u00e1, zap\u00edn\u00e1 nebo rozhoduje. Tento p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt je obvykle ozna\u010den <strong>\u3092<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u3058\u3069\u3046\u3057, jid\u014dshi\uff09<\/strong> je nep\u0159echodn\u00e9 sloveso. Popisuje ud\u00e1lost, zm\u011bnu nebo stav bez p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho p\u0159edm\u011btu: n\u011bco se otev\u00edr\u00e1, zap\u00edn\u00e1, pad\u00e1 nebo z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 rozhodnuto. Prvek, kter\u00fd touto situac\u00ed proch\u00e1z\u00ed, je obvykle ozna\u010den <strong>\u304c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Typ<\/th><th>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vzor<\/th><th>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/th><th>P\u0159eklad<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Intranzitivn\u00ed<\/td><td>N \u304c + sloveso<\/td><td>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/td><td>Dve\u0159e se otev\u00edraj\u00ed.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>P\u0159echodn\u00e9<\/td><td>Osoba \u304c + N \u3092 + sloveso<\/td><td>\u5e97\u54e1\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/td><td>Prodava\u010d otev\u00edr\u00e1 dve\u0159e.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Materi\u00e1l <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori, od Japan Foundation<\/a>, resume essa oposi\u00e7\u00e3o como <strong>N \u304c V<\/strong> para intransitivos e <strong>(pessoa \u304c) N \u3092 V<\/strong> para transitivos. Essa f\u00f3rmula \u00e9 um excelente ponto de partida, mas n\u00e3o deve ser aplicada de forma mec\u00e2nica.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Jak rozpoznat ka\u017ed\u00fd typ bez memorov\u00e1n\u00ed pasivn\u00edho p\u0159ekladu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Polo\u017ete si dv\u011b ot\u00e1zky. Za prv\u00e9: existuje n\u011bkdo nebo n\u011bco, co p\u016fsob\u00ed na objekt? Pokud ano, sloveso b\u00fdv\u00e1 tranzitivn\u00ed. Za druh\u00e9: v\u011bta pouze p\u0159edstavuje n\u011bco, co se d\u011bje nebo m\u011bn\u00ed stav? V tom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sloveso b\u00fdv\u00e1 intranzitivn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7a93\u304c\u9589\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u307e\u3069 \u304c \u3057\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Mado ga shimari mashita.<\/em><br \/>Okno se zav\u0159elo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5c71\u7530\u3055\u3093\u304c\u7a93\u3092\u9589\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3084\u307e\u3060\u3055\u3093 \u304c \u307e\u3069 \u3092 \u3057\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Yamada-san ga mado o shime mashita.<\/em><br \/>Yamada zav\u0159el okno.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Nep\u0159ekl\u00e1dejte automaticky intranzitivn\u00ed sloveso pomoc\u00ed \u201cb\u00fdt + p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00ed trpn\u00e9\u201d. <strong>\u7a93\u304c\u9589\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> nen\u00ed trpn\u00fd rod: v\u011bta jednodu\u0161e informuje, \u017ee se okno zav\u0159elo. Japonsk\u00fd trpn\u00fd rod by vy\u017eadoval jin\u00fd slovesn\u00fd tvar a zm\u011bnil by strukturu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee ne ka\u017ed\u00e9 <strong>\u3092<\/strong> ozna\u010duje p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt. V <strong>\u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u3092\u51fa\u307e\u3059<\/strong> (\u201cvyj\u00edt z hotelu\u201d) a <strong>\u9053\u3092\u6b69\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/strong> (\u201cj\u00edt po ulici\u201d), \u3092 ozna\u010duje v\u00fdchoz\u00ed bod nebo trasu. Sloveso z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 intranzitivn\u00ed. Tento post\u0159eh se objevuje v <a href=\"https:\/\/md.jpf.go.jp\/userfiles\/file\/2018\/Lengua%20Japonesa\/Gramatica\/A2-B1-JP_rev.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gramatick\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu A2\u2013B1 Japan Foundation Madrid<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Seznam p\u0159echodn\u00fdch a nep\u0159echodn\u00fdch sloves v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tabulka obsahuje \u010dast\u00e9 a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 dvojice. Nem\u00e1 v \u00famyslu vyjmenovat v\u0161echna slovesa jazyka. Zapamatujte si ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0159\u00e1dek jako dv\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u011bty, sledujte <strong>\u304c<\/strong> s nep\u0159echodn\u00fdm a <strong>\u3092<\/strong> s p\u0159echodn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Intranzitivn\u00ed<\/th><th>V\u00fdznam<\/th><th>P\u0159echodn\u00e9<\/th><th>V\u00fdznam<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u958b\u304f\uff08\u3042\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>otev\u0159\u00edt se; z\u016fstat otev\u0159en\u00fd<\/td><td>\u958b\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>otev\u0159\u00edt n\u011bco<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u9589\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3057\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>zav\u0159\u00edt se; z\u016fstat zav\u0159en\u00fd<\/td><td>\u9589\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3057\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>zav\u0159\u00edt n\u011bco<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3064\u304f<\/td><td>rozsv\u00edtit se; z\u016fstat zapnut\u00fd<\/td><td>\u3064\u3051\u308b<\/td><td>rozsv\u00edtit nebo zapnout n\u011bco<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6d88\u3048\u308b\uff08\u304d\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>zhasnout; zmizet<\/td><td>\u6d88\u3059\uff08\u3051\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>zhasnout nebo vypnout n\u011bco<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5165\u308b\uff08\u306f\u3044\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>vej\u00edt; b\u00fdt obsa\u017een<\/td><td>\u5165\u308c\u308b\uff08\u3044\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>d\u00e1t; vlo\u017eit<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u51fa\u308b\uff08\u3067\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>vyj\u00edt; objevit se<\/td><td>\u51fa\u3059\uff08\u3060\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>vypustit; poslat<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u59cb\u307e\u308b\uff08\u306f\u3058\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>za\u010d\u00edt<\/td><td>\u59cb\u3081\u308b\uff08\u306f\u3058\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>za\u010d\u00edt n\u011bco<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u7d42\u308f\u308b\uff08\u304a\u308f\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>skon\u010dit<\/td><td>\u7d42\u3048\u308b\uff08\u304a\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>dokon\u010dit n\u011bco<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6b62\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3068\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>zastavit<\/td><td>\u6b62\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3068\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>zastavit n\u011bco<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u52d5\u304f\uff08\u3046\u3054\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>pohybovat se; fungovat<\/td><td>\u52d5\u304b\u3059\uff08\u3046\u3054\u304b\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>pohybovat nebo ovl\u00e1dat n\u011bco<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5909\u308f\u308b\uff08\u304b\u308f\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>zm\u011bnit se<\/td><td>\u5909\u3048\u308b\uff08\u304b\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>zm\u011bnit nebo pozm\u011bnit n\u011bco<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6c7a\u307e\u308b\uff08\u304d\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>b\u00fdt rozhodnuto<\/td><td>\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\uff08\u304d\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>rozhodnout n\u011bco<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u7d9a\u304f\uff08\u3064\u3065\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td><td>\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3064\u3065\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>continuar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u96c6\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3064\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>reunir-se<\/td><td>\u96c6\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3064\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>reunir; coletar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u898b\u3064\u304b\u308b\uff08\u307f\u3064\u304b\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>ser encontrado; aparecer<\/td><td>\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\uff08\u307f\u3064\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>encontrar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u58ca\u308c\u308b\uff08\u3053\u308f\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>quebrar; deixar de funcionar<\/td><td>\u58ca\u3059\uff08\u3053\u308f\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>quebrar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5272\u308c\u308b\uff08\u308f\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>quebrar-se; rachar<\/td><td>\u5272\u308b\uff08\u308f\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>quebrar ou dividir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6298\u308c\u308b\uff08\u304a\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>quebrar-se; dobrar-se<\/td><td>\u6298\u308b\uff08\u304a\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>quebrar ou dobrar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u843d\u3061\u308b\uff08\u304a\u3061\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>cair<\/td><td>\u843d\u3068\u3059\uff08\u304a\u3068\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>derrubar; deixar cair<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5c4a\u304f\uff08\u3068\u3069\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>chegar ao destino<\/td><td>\u5c4a\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3068\u3069\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>entregar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u76f4\u308b\uff08\u306a\u304a\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>ser consertado; voltar ao normal<\/td><td>\u76f4\u3059\uff08\u306a\u304a\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>consertar ou corrigir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5897\u3048\u308b\uff08\u3075\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>aumentar em quantidade<\/td><td>\u5897\u3084\u3059\uff08\u3075\u3084\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>aumentar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6e1b\u308b\uff08\u3078\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>diminuir em quantidade<\/td><td>\u6e1b\u3089\u3059\uff08\u3078\u3089\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>reduzir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u4e0a\u304c\u308b\uff08\u3042\u304c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>subir; aumentar<\/td><td>\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3052\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>levantar; aumentar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u4e0b\u304c\u308b\uff08\u3055\u304c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>descer; diminuir<\/td><td>\u4e0b\u3052\u308b\uff08\u3055\u3052\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>abaixar; diminuir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u51b7\u3048\u308b\uff08\u3072\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>esfriar; ficar frio<\/td><td>\u51b7\u3084\u3059\uff08\u3072\u3084\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>esfriar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6e29\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3042\u305f\u305f\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>aquecer-se; ficar quente<\/td><td>\u6e29\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3042\u305f\u305f\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>aquecer algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6c5a\u308c\u308b\uff08\u3088\u3054\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>sujar-se; ficar sujo<\/td><td>\u6c5a\u3059\uff08\u3088\u3054\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>sujar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u8d77\u304d\u308b\uff08\u304a\u304d\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>acordar; levantar-se<\/td><td>\u8d77\u3053\u3059\uff08\u304a\u3053\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>acordar algu\u00e9m; causar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u80b2\u3064\uff08\u305d\u3060\u3064\uff09<\/td><td>crescer; desenvolver-se<\/td><td>\u80b2\u3066\u308b\uff08\u305d\u3060\u3066\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>criar; cultivar; desenvolver algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u713c\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3084\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>assar; grelhar at\u00e9 ficar pronto<\/td><td>\u713c\u304f\uff08\u3084\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>assar ou grelhar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u716e\u3048\u308b\uff08\u306b\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>cozinhar at\u00e9 ficar pronto<\/td><td>\u716e\u308b\uff08\u306b\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>cozinhar algo em l\u00edquido<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpf.go.jp\/j\/project\/japanese\/teach\/tsushin\/language\/202412.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an\u00e1lise lingu\u00edstica da Japan Foundation sobre \u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e e \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e<\/a> mostra que existem v\u00e1rios padr\u00f5es de forma\u00e7\u00e3o e tamb\u00e9m exce\u00e7\u00f5es. Em vez de procurar uma regra \u00fanica, aprenda o verbo dentro de uma estrutura completa.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Exemplos que mostram a mudan\u00e7a de perspectiva<\/h2>\n\n<h3>A porta abriu ou algu\u00e9m abriu a porta<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u30c9\u30a2 \u304c \u3042\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Doa ga aki mashita.<\/em><br \/>A porta abriu.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u305f\u306a\u304b\u3055\u3093 \u304c \u30c9\u30a2 \u3092 \u3042\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Tanaka-san ga doa o ake mashita.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka abriu a porta.<\/p>\n\n<h3>A reuni\u00e3o come\u00e7ou ou algu\u00e9m come\u00e7ou a reuni\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u5341\u6642\u306b\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304b\u3044\u304e \u304c \u3058\u3085\u3046\u3058 \u306b \u306f\u3058\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Kaigi ga j\u016bji ni hajimari masu.<\/em><br \/>A reuni\u00e3o come\u00e7a \u00e0s dez horas.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u90e8\u9577\u304c\u4f1a\u8b70\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3076\u3061\u3087\u3046 \u304c \u304b\u3044\u304e \u3092 \u306f\u3058\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Buch\u014d ga kaigi o hajime masu.<\/em><br \/>O gerente inicia a reuni\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<h3>A quantidade aumentou ou algu\u00e9m aumentou a quantidade<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u5897\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304c\u304f\u305b\u3044 \u304c \u3075\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Gakusei ga fue mashita.<\/em><br \/>O n\u00famero de estudantes aumentou.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u5b66\u6821\u304c\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u6570\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304c\u3063\u3053\u3046 \u304c \u30af\u30e9\u30b9 \u306e \u304b\u305a \u3092 \u3075\u3084\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Gakk\u014d ga kurasu no kazu o fuyashi mashita.<\/em><br \/>A escola aumentou o n\u00famero de turmas.<\/p>\n\n<p>Observe que o portugu\u00eas \u00e0s vezes usa o mesmo verbo nas duas frases. Em japon\u00eas, a escolha do par explicita se o falante apresenta o acontecimento ou a a\u00e7\u00e3o de algu\u00e9m sobre alguma coisa. Essa distin\u00e7\u00e3o ajuda a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-tvorit-vety-v-japonstine\/\">formar frases em japon\u00eas<\/a> com mais precis\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Verbos intransitivos com \u3066\u3044\u308b e transitivos com \u3066\u3042\u308b<\/h2>\n\n<p>Os pares tamb\u00e9m aparecem ao descrever estados. Com um intransitivo na <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/sloveso-v-japonstine\/\">tvar \u3066<\/a> seguido de <strong>\u3044\u308b<\/strong>, a frase apresenta o estado observado. Com um transitivo seguido de <strong>\u3042\u308b<\/strong>, ela pode destacar que o estado resulta de uma a\u00e7\u00e3o intencional.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>A porta est\u00e1 aberta. O estado \u00e9 apresentado sem indicar quem abriu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3051\u3066\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>A porta foi deixada aberta. H\u00e1 a ideia de que algu\u00e9m a abriu com uma finalidade.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>O contraste entre <strong>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3044\u308b<\/strong> e <strong>\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3042\u308b<\/strong> \u00e9 explicado no <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary02\/pdf\/Z_L13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori Elementar 2, li\u00e7\u00e3o 13<\/a>. N\u00e3o confunda esse uso de \u3066\u3042\u308b com uma tradu\u00e7\u00e3o passiva autom\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Nem todo par parecido \u00e9 um par transitivo\u2013intransitivo<\/h2>\n\n<p>Algumas associa\u00e7\u00f5es comuns geram erros. <strong>\u5206\u304b\u308b<\/strong> (\u201centender\u201d) e <strong>\u5206\u304b\u308c\u308b<\/strong> (\u201cdividir-se; separar-se\u201d) n\u00e3o formam um par com o mesmo sentido. <strong>\u898b\u308b<\/strong> (\u201cver; olhar\u201d) e <strong>\u898b\u3048\u308b<\/strong> (\u201cser vis\u00edvel; conseguir ver naturalmente\u201d) tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o devem ser tratados apenas como \u201cver\u201d e \u201cser visto\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p>O mesmo cuidado vale para <strong>\u805e\u304f<\/strong> e <strong>\u805e\u3053\u3048\u308b<\/strong>. O primeiro pode significar ouvir deliberadamente ou perguntar; o segundo indica que algo \u00e9 aud\u00edvel. J\u00e1 <strong>\u58f2\u308c\u308b<\/strong> pode significar \u201cvender bem\u201d ou \u201cser vend\u00e1vel\u201d, e n\u00e3o corresponde simplesmente \u00e0 passiva de <strong>\u58f2\u308b<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>H\u00e1 ainda verbos sem um parceiro regular. <strong>\u8d70\u308b<\/strong> (\u201ccorrer\u201d) \u00e9 intransitivo; <strong>\u8d70\u3089\u305b\u308b<\/strong> \u00e9 sua forma causativa, \u201cfazer correr\u201d, n\u00e3o um verbo transitivo emparelhado pelo mesmo processo dos pares da tabela. Se precisar revisar essa diferen\u00e7a, consulte tamb\u00e9m a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/potencialni-forma-japonskych-sloves\/\">forma potencial dos verbos<\/a>, que n\u00e3o deve ser confundida com intransitividade.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como memorizar os pares com mais seguran\u00e7a<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Aprenda a part\u00edcula junto.<\/strong> Registre \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304f e \u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u308b, n\u00e3o apenas \u958b\u304f e \u958b\u3051\u308b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use uma cena para os dois verbos.<\/strong> Imagine a luz acendendo e depois algu\u00e9m acendendo a luz: \u96fb\u6c17\u304c\u3064\u304f \/ \u96fb\u6c17\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Compare frases curtas.<\/strong> A oposi\u00e7\u00e3o fica mais clara quando sujeito, objeto e part\u00edcula aparecem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Evite regras de termina\u00e7\u00e3o absolutas.<\/strong> Elas funcionam como pistas, mas t\u00eam exce\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confirme no dicion\u00e1rio.<\/strong> Procure as indica\u00e7\u00f5es \u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e e \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e e verifique a estrutura do exemplo.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>Esse m\u00e9todo se encaixa no estudo de <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/zakladni-japonska-gramatika\/\">japonsk\u00e9 gramatice pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky<\/a>: primeiro reconhe\u00e7a a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre as palavras e depois amplie o vocabul\u00e1rio.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcios<\/h2>\n\n<p>Escolha o verbo que completa cada frase.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\uff08\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u958b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u79c1\u304c\u7a93\u3092\uff08\u9589\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u9589\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u96fb\u6c17\u304c\uff08\u3064\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u3064\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u59b9\u304c\u90e8\u5c4b\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u3092\uff08\u6d88\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u6d88\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u5341\u6642\u306b\uff08\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059 \/ \u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5148\u751f\u304c\u6388\u696d\u3092\uff08\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059 \/ \u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>Ver respostas explicadas<\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: \u30c9\u30a2 \u00e9 o elemento que abriu e recebe \u304c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9589\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: \u79c1 age sobre \u7a93, marcado por \u3092.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3064\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: a luz acendeu; n\u00e3o h\u00e1 objeto direto.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6d88\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: a irm\u00e3 desligou a luz, que recebe \u3092.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/strong>: a reuni\u00e3o \u00e9 apresentada como o evento que come\u00e7a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059<\/strong>: o professor inicia a aula, marcada por \u3092.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<h2>Resumo<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e<\/strong> descreve algo acontecendo ou mudando de estado, geralmente em N \u304c V.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e<\/strong> descreve algu\u00e9m agindo sobre um objeto, geralmente em pessoa \u304c + N \u3092 V.<\/li>\n<li>Intransitivo n\u00e3o \u00e9 sin\u00f4nimo de passivo.<\/li>\n<li>O uso de \u3092 n\u00e3o basta sozinho para classificar o verbo.<\/li>\n<li>Os pares devem ser aprendidos com part\u00edcula, sentido e exemplo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Depois de dominar essa oposi\u00e7\u00e3o, voc\u00ea perceber\u00e1 com mais facilidade por que o japon\u00eas escolhe verbos diferentes para \u201calgo mudou\u201d e \u201calgu\u00e9m mudou algo\u201d. Continue praticando com os <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/neformalni-zpusoby-sloves-v-japonstine\/\">verbos na forma simples<\/a> e transforme cada par da tabela em duas frases pr\u00f3prias.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-0592b58decb6c\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Co je nep\u0159echodn\u00e9 sloveso v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Je to sloveso, kter\u00e9 vyjad\u0159uje ud\u00e1lost, stav nebo zm\u011bnu bez p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho p\u0159edm\u011btu. V z\u00e1kladn\u00edch v\u011bt\u00e1ch b\u00fdv\u00e1 prvek, kter\u00fd situac\u00ed proch\u00e1z\u00ed, ozna\u010den pomoc\u00ed \u304c, jako v \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3059, \u201cdve\u0159e se otev\u00edraj\u00ed\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-7f9c8b70d615c\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Co je p\u0159echodn\u00e9 sloveso v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Je to sloveso, kter\u00e9 vyjad\u0159uje \u010dinnost n\u011bkoho nebo n\u011b\u010deho na objekt. P\u0159\u00edm\u00fd objekt obvykle dost\u00e1v\u00e1 \u3092, jako v \u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3059, \u201cTanaka otev\u00edr\u00e1 dve\u0159e\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6c50d8a0f4fd8\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Je nep\u0159echodn\u00e9 sloveso tot\u00e9\u017e co trpn\u00fd rod?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ne. Nep\u0159echodn\u00e9 sloveso popisuje n\u011bco, co se d\u011bje nebo m\u011bn\u00ed stav bez p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho p\u0159edm\u011btu. Trpn\u00fd rod je vlastn\u00ed \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jin\u00fd vztah mezi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky v\u011bty.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-5a45d8d03e1f0\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Je ka\u017ed\u00e9 sloveso doprov\u00e1zen\u00e9 \u3092 tranzitivn\u00ed?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ne. \u3092 m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 ozna\u010dovat trasu nebo m\u00edsto odchodu, jako v \u9053\u3092\u6b69\u304d\u307e\u3059, \u201cj\u00edt po ulici\u201d, a \u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u3092\u51fa\u307e\u3059, \u201cvyj\u00edt z hotelu\u201d. V t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech jsou slovesa nep\u0159echodn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d34238cea2e12\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak si zapamatovat p\u0159echodn\u00e9 a nep\u0159echodn\u00e9 dvojice?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Nau\u010dte se ka\u017ed\u00e9 sloveso v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b spolu s jeho \u010d\u00e1stic\u00ed: \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304f pro \u201cotev\u0159\u00edt se dve\u0159e\u201d a \u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u308b pro \u201cotev\u0159\u00edt dve\u0159e\u201d. Porovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obou perspektiv je bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e memorovat pouze p\u0159eklady.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-36418fc0e63a4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi \u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3044\u308b a \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3042\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3044\u308b obvykle p\u0159edstavuje pozorovan\u00fd stav, jako \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059. \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3042\u308b m\u016f\u017ee nazna\u010dovat, \u017ee stav vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z \u00famysln\u00e9 akce, jako \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3051\u3066\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pochopte rozd\u00edl mezi p\u0159echodn\u00fdmi a nep\u0159echodn\u00fdmi slovesy v japon\u0161tin\u011b, pod\u00edvejte se na p\u00e1ry s \u304c a \u3092, p\u0159\u00edklady, cvi\u010den\u00ed a \u010dast\u00e9 chyby.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":2174,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,73,60],"tags":[71,2,3],"class_list":["post-2172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2172"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4442,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2172\/revisions\/4442"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}