{"id":2217,"date":"2010-04-05T09:00:54","date_gmt":"2010-04-05T12:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2217"},"modified":"2018-04-05T19:44:47","modified_gmt":"2018-04-05T22:44:47","slug":"jak-se-to-rekne-ted-a-uz-v-japonstine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/como-dizer-ainda-agora-e-ja-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak se japonsky \u0159ekne je\u0161t\u011b, te\u010f a u\u017e"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nau\u010dte se, jak jak se japonsky \u0159ekne je\u0161t\u011b, te\u010f a u\u017e<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n

Vrac\u00edm se, abych napsal n\u011bco v\u00edc o\u00a0Japonsk\u00e1 slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soba<\/a>Dnes v\u00e1s sezn\u00e1m\u00edm se t\u0159emi slovy, kter\u00e1 se v na\u0161em ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed a o kter\u00fdch si \u010dasto ani neuv\u011bdomujeme, kolikr\u00e1t je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me.<\/p>\n

Jak se japonsky \u0159ekne je\u0161t\u011b, te\u010f a u\u017e<\/h2>\n

Mluv\u00edm o\u00a0\u4eca<\/acronym>,\u00a0\u3082\u3046\u00a0<\/acronym>e\u00a0\u672a\u3060<\/acronym>co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee znamenat nyn\u00ed, ji\u017e nebo pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto okam\u017eiku, a p\u0159esto.<\/p>\n

Pomoc\u00ed t\u011bchto slov\u00ed\u010dek m\u016f\u017eeme doplnit v\u011bty o p\u0159\u00edslovce \u010dasu a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it si tak japonskou slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobu.<\/p>\n

Tvorba v\u011bt s \u4eca<\/h2>\n

\u4eca<\/acronym>\u00a0je japonsk\u00e9 slov\u00ed\u010dko, kter\u00e9 se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u011bty a dod\u00e1v\u00e1 pocit bezprost\u0159ednosti. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b v\u011bt se \u010dast\u011bji vyskytuje\u00a0\u4eca<\/acronym>\u00a0se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0Japonsk\u00e1 slovesa ve form\u00e1ln\u00edm zp\u016fsobu<\/a>nebo s\u00a0Japonsk\u00e1 slovesa ve tvaru mashou<\/a>, co\u017e d\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bt\u00e1m pocit kolektivnosti.<\/p>\n

Pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed to je\u0161t\u011b nev\u011bd\u00ed, tvar mashou m\u011bn\u00ed v\u011btu na t\u0159et\u00ed osobu mno\u017en\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, pokud je sloveso\u00a0\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>Ve form\u011b mashou se m\u011bn\u00ed na\u00a0\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n

Chcete-li se dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o tvarech japonsk\u00fdch sloves masu a mashou, p\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky:<\/p>\n

Japonsk\u00e1 slovesa ve tvaru masu.<\/a><\/p>\n

Tvar mashou japonsk\u00fdch sloves.<\/a><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4eca\u51fa\u304b\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u4eca\u3057\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u4eca\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u4eca\u3068\u3066\u3082\u7720\u3044<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u4eca\u306f\u3068\u3066\u3082\u5bd2\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym>
\n<\/p>\n

Tvorba v\u011bt s \u3082\u3046<\/h2>\n

Stejn\u011b jako\u00a0\u4eca<\/acronym>Japonsk\u00fd slovn\u00edk v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed naj\u00edt\u00a0\u3082\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0na za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u011bty, ale na rozd\u00edl od\u00a0\u4eca<\/acronym>,\u00a0\u3082\u3046<\/acronym><\/acronym>\u00a0se nezd\u00e1, \u017ee by slovesa n\u011bjak preferoval. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, lze jej pou\u017e\u00edt s japonsk\u00fdmi slovesy ve v\u0161ech jejich tvarech.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3082\u3046\uff19\u6642\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u3082\u3046\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm rysem\u00a0\u3082\u3046<\/acronym>D\u016fvodem je to, \u017ee se m\u016f\u017ee kombinovat s jin\u00fdmi slovy, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se m\u011bn\u00ed jeho nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam. Dobr\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je slovo\u00a0\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6<\/acronym>, co\u017e m\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdznam slova\u00a0\u3082\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0na \"v\u00edce<\/em>\" a v\u00fdraz\u00a0\u3082\u3046\u3044\u3044<\/acronym>co\u017e lze p\u0159elo\u017eit jako\u00a0\"dost je dost\", \"dost je dost\"\u00a0<\/em>nebo\u00a0\"je to dobr\u00e9\"<\/em>. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku m\u011b to trochu m\u00e1tlo, ale \u010dasem jsem ka\u017edou situaci l\u00e9pe pochopil.<\/p>\n

Proto p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1m, abyste si p\u0159ed dokon\u010den\u00edm p\u0159ekladu ov\u011b\u0159ili kontext. OK?<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklad:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6\u3001\u304a\u540d\u524d\u304a\u9858\u3044\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u5fc3\u914d\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3002\u3082\u3046\u3044\u3044\u3088\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u3046\u3046\u3093\u3001\u3082\u3046\u3044\u3044\u3088\u3002\u304a\u8179\u3044\u3063\u3071\u3044\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

*Doslovn\u00fd p\u0159eklad: Ne, to sta\u010d\u00ed, to sta\u010d\u00ed, to sta\u010d\u00ed! U\u017e toho m\u00e1m dost<\/em><\/p>\n

V z\u00e1porn\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch se slovo\u00a0\u3082\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0tak\u00e9 zm\u011bnil sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam. Tentokr\u00e1t se v\u0161ak p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 jako\u00a0\"nic jin\u00e9ho\"\u00a0<\/em>nebo jednodu\u0161e\u00a0\"v\u00edce\"\u00a0<\/em>v negativn\u00edm smyslu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u79c1\u306f\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u3082\u3046\u7528\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u79c1\u306f\u3082\u3046\u5f7c\u3092\u4fe1\u7528\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u79c1\u306f\u3082\u3046\u98df\u3079\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Tvorba v\u011bt s \u672a\u3060<\/h2>\n

Podle stejn\u00e9ho vzoru jako slova zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se tak\u00e9 \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00ed slova\u00a0\u672a\u3060<\/acronym>\u00a0na za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u011bty a v japonsk\u00e9 slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sob\u011b se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v\u0161emi druhy sloves.<\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b jako mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch kand\u017ei,\u00a0\u672a\u3060<\/acronym>\u00a0se m\u016f\u017ee ve v\u011bt\u00e1ch vyskytovat tak\u00e9 pouze v hiragan\u011b, v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude snaz\u0161\u00ed naj\u00edt \u307e\u3060 m\u00edsto ji\u017e uveden\u00e9ho kand\u017ei.<\/p>\n

\u672a\u3060\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672a\u3060\u51fa\u304b\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3088\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmavost o\u00a0\u672a\u3060<\/acronym>Probl\u00e9mem je, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt izolovan\u011b pou\u017eita k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed negativn\u00edch reakc\u00ed. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdznam v r\u00e1mci kontextu. Pod\u00edvejte se na dv\u011b n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9 v\u011bty:<\/p>\n

\u3082\u3046\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

\u672a\u3060\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n

Douf\u00e1m, \u017ee jste se d\u00edky t\u011bmto p\u0159\u00edklad\u016fm nau\u010dili, jak se japonsky \u0159ekne je\u0161t\u011b, te\u010f a u\u017e!<\/p>\n

To je pro dne\u0161ek v\u0161e.<\/p>\n

\u307e\u305f\u306d\uff01<\/acronym><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nau\u010dte se japonsky \u0159\u00edkat je\u0161t\u011b, te\u010f a u\u017e! Vra\u0165me se je\u0161t\u011b k psan\u00ed o japonsk\u00e9 slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sob\u011b, dnes v\u00e1s sezn\u00e1m\u00edm se t\u0159emi slovy, kter\u00e1 se v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed a kter\u00e1 si \u010dasto neuv\u011bdomujeme.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":2219,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[2,3],"class_list":["post-2217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2217"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2217\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}