{"id":223,"date":"2015-03-11T19:59:44","date_gmt":"2015-03-11T22:59:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=223"},"modified":"2020-12-27T15:28:25","modified_gmt":"2020-12-27T18:28:25","slug":"japonske-systemy-psani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/sistemas-de-escrita-japonesa\/","title":{"rendered":"Japonsk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my psan\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"c0799bc3a0e94be098a47dd4bca28a45\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Sistemas_escritas_japonesas.jpg?resize=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Japonsk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my psan\u00ed\" class=\"wp-image-239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Sistemas_escritas_japonesas.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Sistemas_escritas_japonesas.jpg?w=400&amp;ssl=1 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Nau\u010dte se 3<strong> Japonsk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my psan\u00ed<\/strong> vyu\u017eity!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jestli jste tady, tak proto, \u017ee chcete. <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/kurz-japones-gratis-studium-pruvodce\/\">v\u00fduka japon\u0161tiny<\/a> a proto si klade ot\u00e1zku: \"Kde m\u00e1m za\u010d\u00edt?\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Co kdybychom to zkusili?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Japonsk\u00fd jazyk se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze t\u0159\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f japonsk\u00e9ho p\u00edsma (japonsk\u00e9 abecedy): hiragany (\u3072\u3089\u304c\u306a), katakany (\u30ab\u30bf\u30ab\u30ca) a kand\u017ei (\u6f22\u5b57).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#e0edf5\"><strong>Shrnut\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku<br \/><\/strong><a href=\"#hiragana\">Hiragana<br \/><\/a><a href=\"#katakana\">katakana<\/a><br \/><a href=\"#kanji\">Kanji<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"hiragana\">Japonsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m psan\u00ed Hiragana (\u3072\u3089\u304c\u306a\uff09)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>O <strong>hiragana<\/strong> je prvn\u00ed syst\u00e9m psan\u00ed, kter\u00fd Japonci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fduce jazyka ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u016f\u017eete s n\u00edm ps\u00e1t V\u0160ECHNA slova japonsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu bez v\u00fdjimky. Hiraganu si m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edstavit jako slabi\u010dnou abecedu, ke kter\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1me n\u011bkolik slabik a vytvo\u0159\u00edme slovo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u305f \u307e \u3054 \uff08\u305f\u307e\u3054\uff09\uff1dEgg<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u307e \u3069 \uff08\u307e\u3069\uff09\uff1dOkno<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me, \u017ee hiraganou lze napsat v\u0161e, pro\u010d ji nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me k psan\u00ed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto\u017ee takov\u00fd je jazyk. Prost\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1me jazyk takov\u00fd, jak\u00fd je.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zka student\u016f samouk\u016f zn\u00ed: \"Ale jsou slova, kter\u00e1 se nedaj\u00ed napsat pomoc\u00ed hiragany. Jak to m\u00e1m ud\u011blat?\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"katakana\">Syst\u00e9m psan\u00ed katakana (\u30ab\u30bf\u30ab\u30ca\uff09.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e1 slova toti\u017e nelze zapsat pomoc\u00ed hiragany, nap\u0159\u00edklad ciz\u00ed slova a onomatopoie.<br \/>Pokus\u00edme se to vysv\u011btlit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Slovo gas poch\u00e1z\u00ed z anglick\u00e9ho slova petrol. Ten v Japonsku p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem cizinc\u016f rozhodn\u011b neexistoval, tak\u017ee co ud\u011blali?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako hiragana byla i katakana vytvo\u0159ena jako zjednodu\u0161en\u00fd zp\u016fsob psan\u00ed a \u010dten\u00ed japon\u0161tiny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u011bti by se tak rychleji nau\u010dily, kdyby za\u010daly s t\u011bmito syst\u00e9my a teprve pozd\u011bji p\u0159e\u0161ly ke studiu kand\u017ei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak mnoho podivn\u00fdch zvuk\u016f bylo zcela mimo m\u00edsu uvnit\u0159 <a title=\"3 aplikace pro v\u00fduku japon\u0161tiny\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/3-aplikace-pro-vyuku-japonstiny\/\">Japonsk\u00fd jazyk<\/a>N\u00e1sledn\u011b do\u0161lo k odd\u011blen\u00ed hiragany a katakany a do katakany bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch fonetick\u00fdch zvuk\u016f, aby mohla podporovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 zvuky z ciz\u00edch jazyk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto vznikly n\u011bkter\u00e9 hl\u00e1sky, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u30f4\u3043 (vi), \u30c6\u30a3 (ti) a dal\u0161\u00ed. Vezmeme-li si nap\u0159\u00edklad portugal\u0161tinu, existuje mnoho lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee s vytvo\u0159en\u00edm zvuku th v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b. M\u016f\u017eeme tedy pochopit, pro\u010d Japonci pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed pro tato slova jin\u00fd syst\u00e9m z\u00e1pisu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u011bkolik slov v katakan\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30d0 \u30b9\uff1dBus (Sb\u011brnice)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30d6 \u30e9 \u30b8 \u30eb= Braz\u00edlie<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm vyu\u017eit\u00edm abecedy katakana je onomatopoie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zn\u00e1m\u00e9 \u00fadery, dup\u00e1n\u00ed, \u00fadery, kopy, skluzy a podobn\u011b, kter\u00e9 v\u00edd\u00e1me v manze a podobn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K t\u011bmto \u00fa\u010del\u016fm se tak\u00e9 hojn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30c9\u30f3 \u30c9\u30f3 (don don) = N\u011bkdo klepe na dve\u0159e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30cf \u30cf \u30cf (ha ha ha) = Sm\u00edch<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/sistema_escrita_japonesa.jpg?resize=500%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Japonsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m psan\u00ed\" class=\"wp-image-237\" title=\"Japonsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m psan\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/sistema_escrita_japonesa.jpg?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/sistema_escrita_japonesa.jpg?resize=300%2C120&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>To je z\u00e1klad t\u011bchto dvou slabik\u00e1\u0159\u016f, cokoli, co se od toho odchyluje, m\u016f\u017eete pova\u017eovat za: \"Ned\u00e1 se nic d\u011blat, kdy\u017e to d\u011blaj\u00ed Japonci, je cesta to p\u0159ijmout!\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad Japonci maj\u00ed slovo ve sv\u00e9m jazyce, ale rad\u011bji ho pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed s ciz\u00edm p\u016fvodem.<br \/>P\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V japon\u0161tin\u011b se pro ml\u00e9ko pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00fdraz \u304e\u3085\u306b\u3085(gyunyu), ale n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed Japonci (obvykle mlad\u0161\u00ed) ho rad\u011bji \"amerikanizuj\u00ed\" a \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed \u30df\u30eb\u30af(miruku) nebo ml\u00e9ko.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uv\u011bdomujete si, \u017ee to ned\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nebudete se p\u0159ece h\u00e1dat s Japoncem t\u00edm, \u017ee mu \u0159eknete, aby p\u0159estal \u0159\u00edkat miruku jen proto, \u017ee pro to m\u00e1 slovo ve sv\u00e9m jazyce. Nem\u00e1 to smysl! P\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed slov z jin\u00fdch jazyk\u016f je v dne\u0161n\u00ed spole\u010dnosti t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nezastaviteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejlep\u0161\u00ed je nau\u010dit se, \u017ee se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 ob\u011bma zp\u016fsoby, a kdy\u017e je sly\u0161\u00edte, v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee jde o tot\u00e9\u017e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A nakonec na z\u00e1v\u011br <strong>katakana<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Se slovy japonsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu psan\u00fdmi v katakan\u011b se setk\u00e1te v n\u011bkter\u00fdch specifick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro zd\u016frazn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0158ekn\u011bme, \u017ee noviny informuj\u00ed o stra\u0161liv\u00e9m \u00famrt\u00ed a cht\u011bj\u00ed zd\u016fraznit slovo \u3057\u306c (\u0161inu), kter\u00e9 znamen\u00e1 smrt. Nap\u00ed\u0161\u00ed to tedy jako \u30b7\u30cc (shinu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nen\u00ed to zcela neobvykl\u00e9. Ve skute\u010dnosti se to \u010dasto objevuje ve zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch a na cedul\u00edch obchod\u016f, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1s cht\u011bj\u00ed upozornit na speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pokrm nebo n\u011bco, co prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed, nebo dokonce na upozorn\u011bn\u00ed \"nevstupovat, nebezpe\u010d\u00ed\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\"Ale jak pozn\u00e1m, \u017ee jde o japonsk\u00e9 slovo psan\u00e9 katakanou?\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Op\u011bt s t\u00edm nem\u016f\u017eete nic d\u011blat. Otev\u0159ete svou mysl a pus\u0165te do n\u00ed obsah, a a\u017e to budete nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u010dekat, p\u0159e\u010dtete si to v\u0161echno, jako by to byla jedna v\u011bc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"kanji\">Syst\u00e9m psan\u00ed kand\u017ei\uff08\u6f22\u5b57\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A nakonec to nejo\u010dek\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, Kanji.<br \/>Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch studi\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee existovat v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 000 kand\u017ei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale nezoufejte!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je zde <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/japonske-symboly-jouyou-kanji\/\">seznam nazvan\u00fd Joyou Kanji<\/a>, kde jsou uvedeny nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 kand\u017ei v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b. Tento seznam obsahuje v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b 1945 kand\u017ei, kter\u00e9 jsou schv\u00e1leny. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mext.go.jp\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ministerstvo \u0161kolstv\u00ed<\/a> a vyu\u010duj\u00ed se v japonsk\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S t\u00edmto z\u00e1kladem kand\u017ei si m\u016f\u017eete snadno p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst noviny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ano, je to hodn\u011b, ale hodn\u011b se to zlep\u0161ilo, \u017ee?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161echna kand\u017ei, kter\u00e1 nejsou na tomto seznamu, tj. nespo\u010det dal\u0161\u00edch, kter\u00e1 zb\u00fdvaj\u00ed do po\u010dtu 10 000, jsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 furigany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, krom\u011b kand\u017ei se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 hiragana s fonetick\u00fdm \u010dten\u00edm, aby se \u010dlov\u011bk neztratil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ano, Japonci maj\u00ed tuto starost, tak\u017ee si ned\u011blejte starosti s dal\u0161\u00edmi 8 000 kand\u017ei, proto\u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd Japonec si opravdu nezapamatuje v\u0161ech 10 000, i oni budou pot\u0159ebovat pomocnou ruku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je t\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee kand\u017ei nep\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pouze slova, ale tak\u00e9 my\u0161lenky a pojmy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Setk\u00e1v\u00e1m se s mnoha lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bt, co znamen\u00e1 to \u010di ono kand\u017ei, a kdy\u017e jim to nedok\u00e1\u017eete uspokojiv\u011b vysv\u011btlit, riskujete, \u017ee si budou myslet, \u017ee o japon\u0161tin\u011b nic nev\u00edte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed tedy na p\u0159esn\u00e9m p\u0159ekladu jednotliv\u00fdch kand\u017ei, ne v\u017edy existuje ekvivalentn\u00ed slovo pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 kand\u017ei v portugal\u0161tin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ne v\u017edy to bude mo\u017en\u00e9. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed je m\u00edt v\u017edy otev\u0159enou mysl, a kdy\u017e m\u00e1te ekvivalentn\u00ed slovo jako \u98df\u3079\u308b (j\u00edst), skv\u011bl\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e to ale neud\u011bl\u00e1te, sna\u017ete se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it sv\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed a naj\u00edt nejlep\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak se pokusit p\u0159edat informace ve sv\u00e9m jazyce, ani\u017e by se p\u0159i tom p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 ztratily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u011bkdy budete pot\u0159ebovat celou v\u011btu v portugal\u0161tin\u011b, abyste mohli definovat jedno kand\u017ei, a n\u011bkdy naopak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A posledn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ano, text byl dlouh\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\"Ka\u017ed\u00e9 kand\u017ei m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik typ\u016f \u010dten\u00ed, co m\u00e1m d\u011blat, abych si je v\u0161echny zapamatoval?\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dob\u0159e, nezapome\u0148me, \u017ee internet um\u00ed velmi dob\u0159e m\u00e1st lidi. Zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o tabulky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na internetu tak m\u016f\u017eeme naj\u00edt n\u011bkolik roztrou\u0161en\u00fdch slov s jedn\u00edm kand\u017ei a des\u00edtkami \u010dten\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/sistema_escrita_japonesa_Kanji.jpg?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"410\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/sistema_escrita_japonesa_Kanji.jpg?resize=1024%2C410&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Japonsk\u00fd_syst\u00e9m_p\u00edsma_Kanji\" class=\"wp-image-240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/sistema_escrita_japonesa_Kanji.jpg?resize=1024%2C410&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/sistema_escrita_japonesa_Kanji.jpg?resize=300%2C120&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/sistema_escrita_japonesa_Kanji.jpg?w=1150&amp;ssl=1 1150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se budete sna\u017eit zapamatovat si v\u0161echny, nezapamatujete si v\u00edce ne\u017e 200 nebo 300 kand\u017ei, ale pokud se budete sna\u017eit porozum\u011bt slov\u016fm a fr\u00e1z\u00edm, bude to mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed.<br \/>D\u00e1m v\u00e1m osobn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jednoho dne jsem to zjistil:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u51b7\u305f\u3044 (tsumetai) je studen\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V dal\u0161\u00edm jsem zjistil, \u017ee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u51b7\u51cd (reitou) je zmrazit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V dal\u0161\u00edm jsem zjistil, \u017ee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u51b7\u8535\u5eab (reizouko) je ledni\u010dka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161imn\u011bte si, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 z nich, i kdy\u017e je s jin\u00fdm kand\u017ei nebo ne, m\u00e1 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u00edrn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed. V\u0161echny jsou s t\u00edmto kand\u017ei \u51b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pt\u00e1te-li se m\u011b, co tato kand\u017ei znamenaj\u00ed samostatn\u011b? No, p\u0159izn\u00e1m se, \u017ee abych v\u00e1m odpov\u011bd\u011bl, budu muset prov\u00e9st n\u011bjak\u00fd v\u00fdzkum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom opravdu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u017edy\u0165 s n\u00edm um\u00edm t\u0159i slova. A kdy\u017e ho n\u00e1hodou uvid\u00edm pou\u017eit\u00e9 v n\u011bjak\u00e9m jin\u00e9m slov\u011b, z obecn\u00e9ho kontextu toho, v jak\u00fdch slovech je pou\u017eito, dok\u00e1\u017eu odvodit jeho v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A tak je to i s kand\u017ei, kter\u00e9 je v mnoha jazykov\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch pova\u017eov\u00e1no za padoucha, kdy se n\u011bkdy hodiny a hodiny u\u010d\u00edte jen jedno, abyste ho za p\u00e1r minut zapomn\u011bli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Piln\u011b se u\u010dte a p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b na shledanou!<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dte se nyn\u00ed 3 pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 japonsk\u00e9 psac\u00ed syst\u00e9my! No, pokud jste tady, tak proto, \u017ee se chcete nau\u010dit japonsky, a tak n\u011bjak si \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te: \"Kam m\u00e1m j\u00edt d\u00e1l?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":239,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2,3],"class_list":["post-223","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-japones","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Sistemas_escritas_japonesas.jpg?fit=400%2C267&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":337,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/download-gratis-livro-desvendando-lingua-japonesa\/","url_meta":{"origin":223,"position":0},"title":"Zdarma ke sta\u017een\u00ed kniha Unravelling the Japanese language","author":"Rafael Avelino","date":"18 de \u010cervenec de 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Se voc\u00ea est\u00e1 come\u00e7ando agora a conhecer a l\u00edngua japonesa e suas peculiaridades pode ser que fique perdido e n\u00e3o saiba por onde come\u00e7ar pode de forma gratuita aprender do zero com o livro\u00a0digital desvendando a l\u00edngua japonesa\u00a0que atualmente se encontra em sua segunda edi\u00e7\u00e3o .Diferente da maioria dos idiomas\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eJapon\u00eas\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Japon\u00eas","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/japones\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Baixar gr\u00e1tis 2\u00ba Edi\u00e7\u00e3o do livro digital desvendando a l\u00edngua japonesa","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/2_Edicao_Desvendando_Lingua_Japonesa.jpg?fit=847%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/2_Edicao_Desvendando_Lingua_Japonesa.jpg?fit=847%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/2_Edicao_Desvendando_Lingua_Japonesa.jpg?fit=847%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/2_Edicao_Desvendando_Lingua_Japonesa.jpg?fit=847%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1083,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/alfabeto-japones-origem\/","url_meta":{"origin":223,"position":1},"title":"P\u016fvod japonsk\u00e9 abecedy","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"6 de Listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Antes da introdu\u00e7\u00e3o dos s\u00edmbolos chineses no Jap\u00e3o, n\u00e3o existiam vest\u00edgios concretos de que a popula\u00e7\u00e3o do sol nascente j\u00e1 possu\u00eda uma forma de escrita. Apesar dos falat\u00f3rios sobre a origem da escrita Japonesa, todos concordam que ela se originou com os s\u00edmbolos chineses. Origem do alfabeto japon\u00eas Muitos historiadores\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eAlfabeto japones\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Alfabeto japones","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/alfabeto-japones\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"kanbun-\u6f22\u6587","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/kanbun-%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%87.jpg?fit=786%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/kanbun-%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%87.jpg?fit=786%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/kanbun-%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%87.jpg?fit=786%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/kanbun-%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%87.jpg?fit=786%2C600&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1091,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/alfabeto-japones-introducao\/","url_meta":{"origin":223,"position":2},"title":"\u00davod do japonsk\u00e9 abecedy","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"1 de Listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"O alfabeto japon\u00eas pode ser dividido em tr\u00eas partes hiragana,\u00a0katakana\u00a0e\u00a0kanjis. O hiragana e katakana s\u00e3o dois alfabetos japoneses fon\u00e9ticos, baseados em sons. Enquanto os kanjis s\u00e3o os ideogramas; os s\u00edmbolos japoneses que representam id\u00e9ias e s\u00e3o muito usados em tatuagens, adesivos e etc. O objetivo deste artigo \u00e9 dar uma\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eAlfabeto japones\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Alfabeto japones","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/alfabeto-japones\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Sistemas escritas japonesas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Sistemas_escritas_japonesas.jpg?fit=400%2C267&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1110,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/os-simbolos-japoneses-do-jouyou-kanji\/","url_meta":{"origin":223,"position":3},"title":"Japonsk\u00e9 symboly kand\u017ei Jouyou","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"18 de Listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Como muitos leitores j\u00e1 devem saber, os s\u00edmbolos japoneses s\u00e3o ideogramas que representam id\u00e9ias e n\u00e3o palavras. Por causa disso, um mesmo s\u00edmbolo japon\u00eas pode ser traduzido com palavras e significados diferentes. Por representarem pensamentos em v\u00eaz de palavras, os s\u00edmbolos japoneses se tornaram muito numerosos durante a hist\u00f3ria do\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eJapon\u00eas\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Japon\u00eas","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/japones\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"aprender s\u00edmbolos japoneses jouyou kanji","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/aprender-simbolos-japoneses-jouyou-kanji.gif?fit=419%2C358&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2768,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/o-romaji-e-suas-armadilhas\/","url_meta":{"origin":223,"position":4},"title":"Romaji a jeho pasti","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"1 de \u010cervenec de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Como muitos de n\u00f3s j\u00e1 sabemos,\u00a0o papel do romaji no nihongo\u00a0(\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e) \u00e9 ajudar na leitura e pron\u00fancia dos s\u00edmbolos japoneses, e n\u00e3o substituir a escrita japonesa pelos nossos caracteres romanizados. Esse fato provoca v\u00e1rios problemas e podem prejudicar significativamente o desenvolvimento de nossa capacidade de ler e escrever em japon\u00eas\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eJapon\u00eas\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Japon\u00eas","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/japones\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"O romaji e suas armadilhas - japoneses lendo","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/romaji-armadilhas-japoneses-lendo.jpg?fit=400%2C267&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1133,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/como-escrever-as-letras-japonesas-kanjis\/","url_meta":{"origin":223,"position":5},"title":"Jak ps\u00e1t japonsk\u00e1 p\u00edsmena (kand\u017ei)","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"2 de Listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Neste artigo, vamos introduzir algumas regras sobre como cada letra japonesa (s\u00edmbolo japon\u00eas ideogr\u00e1fico) deve ser escrito. Estas regras servir\u00e3o como guia para escrever palavras em japon\u00eas nas pr\u00f3ximas li\u00e7\u00f5es. Escrever uma letra japonesa, ou kanji, exige muita pr\u00e1tica. As crian\u00e7as no Jap\u00e3o, passam boa parte de sua vida escolar\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eCurso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Quatro dicas para aprender a escrever em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/aprender-a-escrever-em-japones-dicas.jpg?fit=651%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/aprender-a-escrever-em-japones-dicas.jpg?fit=651%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/aprender-a-escrever-em-japones-dicas.jpg?fit=651%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/223","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=223"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/223\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/239"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=223"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=223"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=223"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}