{"id":2364,"date":"2009-11-27T06:46:12","date_gmt":"2009-11-27T08:46:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2364"},"modified":"2018-07-01T13:52:17","modified_gmt":"2018-07-01T16:52:17","slug":"ga-castice-a-jeji-funkce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/particula-ga-e-suas-funcoes\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010c\u00e1stice GA a jej\u00ed funkce"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Dnes se dozv\u00edme v\u00edce o\u00a0<strong>\u010d\u00e1stice GA a jej\u00ed funkce<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-2367\" src=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/a-particula-ga-e-suas-funcoes.gif\" alt=\"\u010d\u00e1stice GA a jej\u00ed funkce\" width=\"130\" height=\"130\" \/>Kdy\u017e za\u010dneme studovat japon\u0161tinu, \u010dasto si zvykneme spojovat s ka\u017edou \u010d\u00e1stic\u00ed v japonsk\u00e9 gramatice jednu funkci.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010c\u00e1stice GA a jej\u00ed funkce<\/h2>\n<p>V m\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jsem se dlouho domn\u00edval, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1stice GA m\u00e1 v japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch pouze funkci ozna\u010dovat pozici subjektu. Po del\u0161\u00edm studiu jsem si uv\u011bdomil, \u017ee jsem se naprosto m\u00fdlil...<\/p>\n<p>V p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/kdy-pouzit-castici-ga\/\">\u010c\u00e1stice GA<\/a>V p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku jsem psal o n\u011bkter\u00fdch tipech pro pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1stice. V dne\u0161n\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku se tedy sezn\u00e1m\u00edme s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi hlavn\u00edmi funkcemi \u010d\u00e1stice GA.<\/p>\n<h2>Pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice GA mezi dv\u011bma v\u011btami<\/h2>\n<p>V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee \u010d\u00e1stice GA plnit funkci spojky, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se v japon\u0161tin\u011b realizuje protiklad (nebo rozpor) mezi dv\u011bma v\u011btami. V t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech lze \u010d\u00e1stici GA p\u0159elo\u017eit jako ale, nicm\u00e9n\u011b, nicm\u00e9n\u011b, nicm\u00e9n\u011b nebo v\u0161ak.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Sakura no hana wa kirei da ga, kaori ga nai.\">\u685c\u306e\u82b1\u306f\u304d\u308c\u3044\u3060\u304c\u3001\u9999\u308a\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><em>T\u0159e\u0161\u0148ov\u00e9 kv\u011bty jsou kr\u00e1sn\u00e9, ale nevon\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kono eiga wa omoshiroi ga, nagasugimasu ne.\">\u3053\u306e\u6620\u753b\u306f\u9762\u767d\u3044\u304c\u3001\u9577\u3059\u304e\u307e\u3059\u306d\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><em>Tento film je p\u011bkn\u00fd, ale p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00fd. Nebo ne?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>V ostatn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech\u00a0<a title=\"Kdy pou\u017e\u00edt \u010d\u00e1stici GA\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/kdy-pouzit-castici-ga\/\">\u010c\u00e1stice GA<\/a>\u00a0uprost\u0159ed japonsk\u00fdch v\u011bt m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit pouze k jejich spojen\u00ed. Pln\u00ed tedy stejnou funkci jako na\u0161e e v portugal\u0161tin\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kinou fuji-san o hajimete mimashita ga, kirei deshita.\">\u6628\u65e5\u5bcc\u58eb\u5c71\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u3066\u898b\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u304d\u308c\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><em>V\u010dera jsem poprv\u00e9 vid\u011bl horu Fud\u017ei a bylo to velmi kr\u00e1sn\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Yamada-san wa akai kuruma o kaimashita ga, anata mo kaimashita ne.\">\u5c71\u7530\u3055\u3093\u306f\u8d64\u3044\u8eca\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u3082\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Yamada-san wa akai kuruma o kaimashita ga, anata mo kaimashita ne.\"><\/acronym><em>Pan Yamada si koupil \u010derven\u00e9 auto... a vy tak\u00e9. Nekoupil.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>V\u0161imn\u011bte si, \u017ee rozd\u00edl mezi ob\u011bma v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpady spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee v prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u00e1 druh\u00e1 v\u011bta opa\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam ne\u017e v\u011bta prvn\u00ed. Ve druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b druh\u00e1 v\u011bta pouze dopl\u0148uje v\u011btu prvn\u00ed.<br \/>\n<!--Ads6--><\/p>\n<h2>P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch informac\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Na za\u010d\u00e1tku n\u011bkter\u00fdch konverzac\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u010d\u00e1stice GA pou\u017eita k uveden\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch informac\u00ed nebo jen k upozorn\u011bn\u00ed na konverzaci.<\/p>\n<p>Takov\u00e9 fr\u00e1ze se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed n\u011b\u010deho nebo k poskytnut\u00ed informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro pochopen\u00ed kontextu rozhovoru.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Watashi, Tanaka-san to moushimasu ga, Yamada-san wa irasshaimasu ka?\">\u79c1\u3001\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u3068\u7533\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5c71\u7530\u3055\u3093\u306f\u3044\u3089\u3063\u3057\u3083\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Jmenuji se Tanaka. Je pan Yamada doma?<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Shitsurei desu ga... anata wa honda-san desu ka?\">\u5931\u793c\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306f\u672c\u7530\u3055\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Promi\u0148te, ale... Jste pan Honda?<\/p>\n<h2>\u010c\u00e1stice GA a ne\u00fapln\u00e9 v\u011bty<\/h2>\n<p>A\u010dkoli se jedn\u00e1 o podobn\u00fd koncept jako u p\u0159edchoz\u00edho bodu, rozd\u00edl mezi ne\u00fapln\u00fdmi v\u011btami a v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdmi v\u011btami spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee ne\u00fapln\u00e9 v\u011bty vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed implicitn\u00ed my\u0161lenku; my\u0161lenku, kter\u00e1 nebyla ve v\u011bt\u011b pops\u00e1na. Nav\u00edc tato \"implicitn\u00ed my\u0161lenka\" obvykle vyjad\u0159uje n\u00e1zor, kter\u00fd je v rozporu s pronesenou v\u011btou.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Watashi wa fuji-san o mi ni ikimashita ga...\">\u79c1\u306f\u5bcc\u58eb\u5c71\u3092\u898b\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3002\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0160el jsem se pod\u00edvat na horu Fud\u017ei, ale... (nic jsem nevid\u011bl).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kare wa takai ie ni sunde imashita ga...\">\u5f7c\u306f\u9ad8\u3044\u5bb6\u306b\u4f4f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3002\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><em><acronym title=\"Kare wa takai ie ni sunde imashita ga...\"><\/acronym>D\u0159\u00edv bydlel ve velk\u00e9m dom\u011b, ale... (te\u010f bydl\u00ed v mal\u00e9m dom\u011b)<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dnes se dozv\u00edme v\u00edce o \u010d\u00e1stic\u00edch GA a jejich funkc\u00edch! Kdy\u017e za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me studovat japon\u0161tinu, \u010dasto si zvykneme spojovat s ka\u017edou \u010d\u00e1stic\u00ed v japonsk\u00e9 gramatice jednu funkci. \u010c\u00e1stice GA<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":2361,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70,74],"tags":[71,3,15],"class_list":["post-2364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-particulas-em-japones","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-nihongo","tag-particulas-basicas","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2364","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2364"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2364\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2364"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2364"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}