{"id":2447,"date":"2010-10-11T09:00:37","date_gmt":"2010-10-11T12:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2447"},"modified":"2026-08-09T02:19:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T05:19:16","slug":"jak-tvorit-vety-v-japonstine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/como-formar-frases-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak tvo\u0159it v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b: metoda krok za krokem"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Chcete-li tvo\u0159it v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b, za\u010dn\u011bte t\u00edm, co chcete sd\u011blit, zvolte p\u0159\u00edsudek a p\u0159idejte pouze nezbytn\u00e9 informace. M\u00edsto p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho slova z portugal\u0161tiny ve stejn\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1dejte sd\u011blen\u00ed do skupin ozna\u010den\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1sticemi a ponechte p\u0159\u00edsudek na konci.<\/p>\n<p>Tento proces v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 v\u011bty od za\u010d\u00e1tku. M\u016f\u017eete za\u010d\u00edt pouze se slovesem, p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem nebo podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem n\u00e1sledovan\u00fdm <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> a pot\u00e9 zahrnout \u010das, m\u00edsto, p\u0159edm\u011bt a t\u00e9ma podle pot\u0159eby situace.<\/p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-2450\" src=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/10\/formar-frases-em-japones.gif\" alt=\"Jak tvo\u0159it v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b\" width=\"175\" height=\"135\" \/>\n<h2>Hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenka: stavte v\u011btu od p\u0159\u00edsudku<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edsudek sd\u011bluje, co se d\u011bje nebo co se tvrd\u00ed. V japonsk\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b se obvykle objevuje na konci a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tvo\u0159en slovesem, p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem nebo jmenn\u00fdm v\u00fdrazem. Toto je prakti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pravidlo ne\u017e sna\u017eit se zapamatovat si dlouh\u00fd a strnul\u00fd vzorec.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161imn\u011bte si, jak m\u016f\u017ee v\u011bta r\u016fst, ani\u017e by ztratila sv\u00e9 j\u00e1dro:<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Tabemasu.<\/em><br \/>(J\u00e1) j\u00edm nebo budu j\u00edst.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Pan o tabemasu.<\/em><br \/>(J\u00e1) j\u00edm chl\u00e9b.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u671d\u3001\u5bb6\u3067\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Asa, ie de pan o tabemasu.<\/em><br \/>R\u00e1no j\u00edm chl\u00e9b doma.<\/p>\n<p>Sloveso <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/span> z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 na konci. <span lang=\"ja\">\u30d1\u30f3\u3092<\/span> identifikuje p\u0159edm\u011bt d\u011bje, <span lang=\"ja\">\u5bb6\u3067<\/span> ozna\u010duje, kde se d\u011bj odehr\u00e1v\u00e1, a <span lang=\"ja\">\u671d<\/span> p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dasov\u00fd odkaz. Z\u00e1jmeno se neobjevuje, proto\u017ee kontext m\u016f\u017ee objasnit, kdo j\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Jak vytvo\u0159it v\u011btu v japon\u0161tin\u011b v p\u011bti kroc\u00edch<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Definujte minim\u00e1ln\u00ed sd\u011blen\u00ed.<\/strong> Zeptejte se, co skute\u010dn\u011b pot\u0159ebujete sd\u011blit: akci, stav, identifikaci nebo ot\u00e1zku.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zvolte p\u0159\u00edsudek.<\/strong> Pou\u017eijte sloveso, p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no nebo jmennou fr\u00e1zi, kter\u00e1 vyjad\u0159uje my\u0161lenku.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dopl\u0148te pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 skupiny.<\/strong> Zahr\u0148te p\u0159edm\u011bt, c\u00edl, m\u00edsto, spole\u010dnost nebo t\u00e9ma a ozna\u010dte vztah vhodnou \u010d\u00e1stic\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Um\u00edst\u011bte modifik\u00e1tory p\u0159ed modifikovan\u00fd v\u00fdraz.<\/strong> P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na a dal\u0161\u00ed popisy p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159ed podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, ke kter\u00e9mu se vztahuj\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zkontrolujte kontext a registr.<\/strong> Odstra\u0148te zjevn\u00e9 informace, potvr\u010fte \u010d\u00e1stice a nem\u00edchejte zdvo\u0159il\u00e9 a neform\u00e1ln\u00ed formy bez d\u016fvodu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Pokud se logika v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho predik\u00e1tu st\u00e1le zd\u00e1 nov\u00e1, pod\u00edvejte se do pr\u016fvodce o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/japonske-poradi-slov\/\">slovosledu v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>. \u010cl\u00e1nek se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 SOV, modifik\u00e1tory a flexibilitou, ani\u017e by z\u00e1kladn\u00ed po\u0159ad\u00ed prom\u011bnil v absolutn\u00ed pravidlo.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u0159i j\u00e1dra pro za\u010d\u00e1tek tvorby v\u011bt<\/h2>\n<p>Nemus\u00edte ovl\u00e1dat v\u0161echny \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed, abyste vytvo\u0159ili prvn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy. Za\u010dn\u011bte se t\u0159emi \u010dast\u00fdmi j\u00e1dry.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Typ predik\u00e1tu<\/th><th>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/th><th>V\u00fdznam<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Jmenn\u00e1 fr\u00e1ze<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">Jsem student.<\/span><br \/><em>Jsem student.<\/em><\/td><td>Jsem student.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u306f\u9762\u767d\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono hon wa omoshiroi desu.<\/em><\/td><td>Tato kniha je zaj\u00edmav\u00e1.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Sloveso<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd den se u\u010d\u00edm japon\u0161tinu.<\/span><br \/><em>Ka\u017ed\u00fd den se u\u010d\u00edm japon\u0161tinu.<\/em><\/td><td>Studuji japon\u0161tinu ka\u017ed\u00fd den.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Na adrese <span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3059<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> pom\u00e1h\u00e1 vytvo\u0159it zdvo\u0159il\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed s podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem. To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ho lze um\u00edstit za jak\u00fdkoli slovesn\u00fd tvar. Pro vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed \u201cjak\u201d ve zdvo\u0159il\u00e9m registru pou\u017eijte <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/span>, a ne <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3067\u3059<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Para ampliar esses padr\u00f5es, revise os <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/podstatna-jmena-v-japonstine\/\">podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a> e os <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/druhy-pridavnych-jmen-v-japonstine\/\">tipos de adjetivos japoneses<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Use as part\u00edculas como etiquetas de fun\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n<p>As part\u00edculas aparecem depois de uma palavra ou grupo e indicam como esse grupo participa da mensagem. Elas n\u00e3o correspondem sempre a uma \u00fanica preposi\u00e7\u00e3o do portugu\u00eas; a escolha depende da fun\u00e7\u00e3o na frase.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> (<em>wa<\/em>):<\/strong> apresenta o t\u00f3pico sobre o qual ser\u00e1 feito um coment\u00e1rio.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> (<em>ga<\/em>):<\/strong> marca o sujeito gramatical em diferentes estruturas e pode destacar quem ou o que est\u00e1 envolvido.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> (<em>o<\/em>):<\/strong> marca, entre outras fun\u00e7\u00f5es, o objeto direto de uma a\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> (<em>ni<\/em>):<\/strong> pode marcar destino, ponto no tempo, exist\u00eancia ou alvo, conforme o predicado.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067<\/span> (<em>z<\/em>):<\/strong> pode indicar o local onde uma a\u00e7\u00e3o ocorre ou o meio usado.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Em vez de escolher a part\u00edcula pela tradu\u00e7\u00e3o isolada, identifique a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre o grupo e o predicado. O guia de <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/zakladni-castice-v-japonstine\/\">\u010d\u00e1stice v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a> apresenta os usos fundamentais com mais exemplos.<\/p>\n<h2>Do portugu\u00eas para uma frase japonesa natural<\/h2>\n<p>Considere a mensagem \u201cEu estudo japon\u00eas na biblioteca todos os s\u00e1bados\u201d. Primeiro, separe a informa\u00e7\u00e3o em grupos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>tempo: todos os s\u00e1bados;<\/li>\n<li>lugar da a\u00e7\u00e3o: na biblioteca;<\/li>\n<li>objeto de estudo: japon\u00eas;<\/li>\n<li>predicado: estudar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Uma frase poss\u00edvel \u00e9:<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6bce\u9031\u571f\u66dc\u65e5\u3001\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3067\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Maish\u016b doy\u014dbi, toshokan de nihongo o benky\u014d shimasu.<\/em><br \/>Estudo japon\u00eas na biblioteca todos os s\u00e1bados.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e3o foi necess\u00e1rio traduzir \u201ceu\u201d. Se a pessoa que fala j\u00e1 \u00e9 conhecida, omitir <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> torna a frase mais econ\u00f4mica e natural. Tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o existe uma part\u00edcula obrigat\u00f3ria depois de toda express\u00e3o de tempo: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6bce\u9031\u571f\u66dc\u65e5<\/span> funciona diretamente como refer\u00eancia temporal neste exemplo.<\/p>\n<p>O NINJAL descreve o japon\u00eas como uma l\u00edngua de ordem b\u00e1sica SOV e mostra que elementos modificadores tendem a preceder o termo principal. Essa classifica\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma base de an\u00e1lise, n\u00e3o um molde que obrigue toda frase a conter sujeito e objeto expl\u00edcitos. Veja a <a href=\"https:\/\/kotoba.ninjal.ac.jp\/qa\/yokuaru\/qa-224\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">explica\u00e7\u00e3o institucional sobre a ordem b\u00e1sica do japon\u00eas<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Como criar perguntas e frases negativas<\/h2>\n<p>No registro polido inicial, muitas perguntas podem ser formadas acrescentando <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b<\/span> na konec:<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6f2b\u753b\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Manga o yomimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>Voc\u00ea l\u00ea mang\u00e1?<\/p>\n<p>O interlocutor costuma ser omitido quando est\u00e1 claro. Por isso, n\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio come\u00e7ar mecanicamente com uma palavra equivalente a \u201cvoc\u00ea\u201d. O artigo sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-klast-otazky-v-japonstine\/\">jak kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a> mostra outras formas interrogativas.<\/p>\n<p>Para negar uma a\u00e7\u00e3o no mesmo registro, altere a forma do verbo:<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Ky\u014d wa k\u014dh\u012b o nomimasen.<\/em><br \/>Hoje n\u00e3o vou tomar caf\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Com substantivos, uma op\u00e7\u00e3o polida frequente \u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span>:<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Gakusei ja nai desu.<\/em><br \/>N\u00e3o sou estudante.<\/p>\n<h2>Erros comuns ao montar frases<\/h2>\n<h3>Traduzir palavra por palavra<\/h3>\n<p>A ordem e as fun\u00e7\u00f5es n\u00e3o coincidem termo a termo com o portugu\u00eas. Traduza primeiro a inten\u00e7\u00e3o e depois reconstrua a mensagem com padr\u00f5es japoneses.<\/p>\n<h3>Repetir pronomes em todas as frases<\/h3>\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> e outras refer\u00eancias podem ser omitidas quando o contexto j\u00e1 identifica a pessoa. Repeti-las sem necessidade pode deixar a fala pesada.<\/p>\n<h3>Escolher part\u00edculas por uma equival\u00eancia fixa<\/h3>\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> n\u00e3o significa sempre \u201cem\u201d, assim como <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067<\/span> n\u00e3o possui uma \u00fanica tradu\u00e7\u00e3o. Observe o predicado e a fun\u00e7\u00e3o do grupo.<\/p>\n<h3>Misturar registros<\/h3>\n<p>Formas como <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/span> pertencem ao registro polido; <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/span> \u00e9 a forma simples. Para uma primeira frase coerente, escolha um registro e mantenha-o.<\/p>\n<h3>Tentar construir mensagens longas cedo demais<\/h3>\n<p>Comece com um n\u00facleo correto e acrescente um grupo por vez. \u00c9 mais f\u00e1cil revisar <span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/span> antes de incluir quando, onde, com quem e por qu\u00ea.<\/p>\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcio: monte a frase por grupos<\/h2>\n<p>Organize cada mensagem e depois compare com uma resposta poss\u00edvel.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Amanh\u00e3 vou estudar em casa.<\/li>\n<li>Yuki come sushi no restaurante.<\/li>\n<li>Voc\u00ea l\u00ea mang\u00e1?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Respostas<\/h3>\n<p><strong>1. <span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5\u3001\u5bb6\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Ashita, ie de benky\u014d shimasu.<\/em><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5<\/span> indica tempo, <span lang=\"ja\">\u5bb6\u3067<\/span> marca o lugar da a\u00e7\u00e3o e <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span> ukon\u010duje v\u011btu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3086\u304d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u3067\u5bff\u53f8\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Yuki-san wa resutoran de sushi o tabemasu.<\/em><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3086\u304d\u3055\u3093\u306f<\/span> apresenta o t\u00f3pico, <span lang=\"ja\">\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u3067<\/span> indica o local da a\u00e7\u00e3o e <span lang=\"ja\">\u5bff\u53f8\u3092<\/span> marca o objeto.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. <span lang=\"ja\">\u6f2b\u753b\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Manga o yomimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>O interlocutor \u00e9 recuperado pelo contexto, e <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b<\/span> transforma a frase polida em pergunta.<\/p>\n<h2>Como praticar sem depender da tradu\u00e7\u00e3o literal<\/h2>\n<p>Escolha um padr\u00e3o curto e substitua apenas um elemento por vez: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6c34\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u304a\u8336\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/span>. Depois, acrescente tempo ou lugar. Esse treino ajuda a associar grupos inteiros a uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o comunicativa.<\/p>\n<p>Ty <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/Grammar_all.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">notas gramaticais do Irodori, da Japan Foundation<\/a>, apresentam padr\u00f5es dentro de situa\u00e7\u00f5es de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o e confirmam que part\u00edculas indicam rela\u00e7\u00f5es entre os elementos da frase. O projeto tamb\u00e9m disponibiliza uma <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/en\/resources.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lista institucional de padr\u00f5es de frases e exerc\u00edcios<\/a> para estudo adicional.<\/p>\n<h2>Pr\u00f3ximo passo: produza frases curtas e verific\u00e1veis<\/h2>\n<p>Comece com predicados que voc\u00ea j\u00e1 conhece, acrescente um ou dois grupos e compare sua frase com exemplos confi\u00e1veis. Para organizar o estudo, use o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/kurz-japones-gratis-studium-pruvodce\/\">guia do curso de japon\u00eas gr\u00e1tis<\/a> e retome os <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/zakladni-japonska-gramatika\/\">z\u00e1klady japonsk\u00e9 gramatiky<\/a> sempre que precisar revisar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o de cada elemento.<\/p>\n<h2>Perguntas frequentes sobre como formar frases em japon\u00eas<\/h2>\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-435109c75c9d9\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak\u00e9 je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slovosled ve v\u011bt\u011b v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Japon\u0161tina je klasifikov\u00e1na jako jazyk se z\u00e1kladn\u00edm slovosledem SOV, ale nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pravidlem je ponechat p\u0159\u00edsudek na konci. P\u0159edchoz\u00ed skupiny se mohou li\u0161it podle kontextu a zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, proto\u017ee \u010d\u00e1stice pom\u00e1haj\u00ed nazna\u010dit jejich funkce.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-7e0bf4f3df141\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Pot\u0159ebuje ka\u017ed\u00e1 japonsk\u00e1 v\u011bta podm\u011bt?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ne. Podm\u011bt, t\u00e9ma a dal\u0161\u00ed prvky mohou b\u00fdt vynech\u00e1ny, pokud jsou ji\u017e jasn\u00e9 ze situace nebo z konverzace. V\u011bta tvo\u0159en\u00e1 pouze p\u0159\u00edsudkem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9m kontextu \u00fapln\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-24f6d0360195d\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Kdy m\u00e1m pou\u017e\u00edt desu ve v\u011bt\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Na po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed \u00farovni se \u3067\u3059 objevuje ve zdvo\u0159il\u00fdch tvrzen\u00edch s podstatn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny a tak\u00e9 v konstrukc\u00edch s p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny. Nem\u011bl by se mechanicky p\u0159id\u00e1vat za sloveso v prost\u00e9m tvaru: pou\u017eijte \u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059 nebo \u98df\u3079\u308b, ne \u98df\u3079\u308b\u3067\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-10002cca838fd\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak poznat, kterou \u010d\u00e1stici pou\u017e\u00edt?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Identifikujte vztah mezi skupinou a p\u0159\u00edsudkem: t\u00e9ma, podm\u011bt, p\u0159edm\u011bt, c\u00edl, \u010das nebo m\u00edsto d\u011bje, nap\u0159\u00edklad. Vyhn\u011bte se volb\u011b \u010d\u00e1stice pouze podle pevn\u00e9ho p\u0159ekladu do portugal\u0161tiny.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-8988059df32be\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak procvi\u010dovat tvo\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bt, ani\u017e byste p\u0159ekl\u00e1dali slovo od slova?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Zapamatujte si kr\u00e1tk\u00fd vzor a v\u017edy nahra\u010fte jeden prvek. Pot\u00e9 p\u0159idejte \u010das, m\u00edsto nebo p\u0159edm\u011bt, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u017edy zachovejte p\u0159\u00edsudek a zkontrolujte funkci ozna\u010denou ka\u017edou \u010d\u00e1stic\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dte se tvo\u0159it v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b od p\u0159\u00edsudku, organizujte ka\u017edou skupinu s \u010d\u00e1sticemi a vyhn\u011bte se doslovn\u00fdm p\u0159eklad\u016fm.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":85,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60,1],"tags":[71,2,3],"class_list":["post-2447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vocabulario-japones","category-japones","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2447","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2447"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2447\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4399,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2447\/revisions\/4399"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/85"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2447"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2447"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2447"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}