{"id":2447,"date":"2010-10-11T09:00:37","date_gmt":"2010-10-11T12:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2447"},"modified":"2026-08-09T02:19:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T05:19:16","slug":"jak-tvorit-vety-v-japonstine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/como-formar-frases-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak tvo\u0159it v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b: metoda krok za krokem"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Chcete-li tvo\u0159it v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b, za\u010dn\u011bte t\u00edm, co chcete sd\u011blit, zvolte p\u0159\u00edsudek a p\u0159idejte pouze nezbytn\u00e9 informace. M\u00edsto p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho slova z portugal\u0161tiny ve stejn\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1dejte sd\u011blen\u00ed do skupin ozna\u010den\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1sticemi a ponechte p\u0159\u00edsudek na konci.<\/p>\n<p>Tento proces v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 v\u011bty od za\u010d\u00e1tku. M\u016f\u017eete za\u010d\u00edt pouze se slovesem, p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem nebo podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem n\u00e1sledovan\u00fdm <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> a pot\u00e9 zahrnout \u010das, m\u00edsto, p\u0159edm\u011bt a t\u00e9ma podle pot\u0159eby situace.<\/p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-2450\" src=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/10\/formar-frases-em-japones.gif\" alt=\"Jak tvo\u0159it v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b\" width=\"175\" height=\"135\" \/>\n<h2>Hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenka: stavte v\u011btu od p\u0159\u00edsudku<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edsudek sd\u011bluje, co se d\u011bje nebo co se tvrd\u00ed. V japonsk\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b se obvykle objevuje na konci a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tvo\u0159en slovesem, p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem nebo jmenn\u00fdm v\u00fdrazem. Toto je prakti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pravidlo ne\u017e sna\u017eit se zapamatovat si dlouh\u00fd a strnul\u00fd vzorec.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161imn\u011bte si, jak m\u016f\u017ee v\u011bta r\u016fst, ani\u017e by ztratila sv\u00e9 j\u00e1dro:<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Tabemasu.<\/em><br \/>(J\u00e1) j\u00edm nebo budu j\u00edst.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Pan o tabemasu.<\/em><br \/>(J\u00e1) j\u00edm chl\u00e9b.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u671d\u3001\u5bb6\u3067\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Asa, ie de pan o tabemasu.<\/em><br \/>R\u00e1no j\u00edm chl\u00e9b doma.<\/p>\n<p>Sloveso <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/span> z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 na konci. <span lang=\"ja\">\u30d1\u30f3\u3092<\/span> identifikuje p\u0159edm\u011bt d\u011bje, <span lang=\"ja\">\u5bb6\u3067<\/span> ozna\u010duje, kde se d\u011bj odehr\u00e1v\u00e1, a <span lang=\"ja\">\u671d<\/span> p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dasov\u00fd odkaz. Z\u00e1jmeno se neobjevuje, proto\u017ee kontext m\u016f\u017ee objasnit, kdo j\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Jak vytvo\u0159it v\u011btu v japon\u0161tin\u011b v p\u011bti kroc\u00edch<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Definujte minim\u00e1ln\u00ed sd\u011blen\u00ed.<\/strong> Zeptejte se, co skute\u010dn\u011b pot\u0159ebujete sd\u011blit: akci, stav, identifikaci nebo ot\u00e1zku.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zvolte p\u0159\u00edsudek.<\/strong> Pou\u017eijte sloveso, p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no nebo jmennou fr\u00e1zi, kter\u00e1 vyjad\u0159uje my\u0161lenku.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dopl\u0148te pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 skupiny.<\/strong> Zahr\u0148te p\u0159edm\u011bt, c\u00edl, m\u00edsto, spole\u010dnost nebo t\u00e9ma a ozna\u010dte vztah vhodnou \u010d\u00e1stic\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Um\u00edst\u011bte modifik\u00e1tory p\u0159ed modifikovan\u00fd v\u00fdraz.<\/strong> P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na a dal\u0161\u00ed popisy p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159ed podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, ke kter\u00e9mu se vztahuj\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zkontrolujte kontext a registr.<\/strong> Odstra\u0148te zjevn\u00e9 informace, potvr\u010fte \u010d\u00e1stice a nem\u00edchejte zdvo\u0159il\u00e9 a neform\u00e1ln\u00ed formy bez d\u016fvodu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Pokud se logika v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho predik\u00e1tu st\u00e1le zd\u00e1 nov\u00e1, pod\u00edvejte se do pr\u016fvodce o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/japonske-poradi-slov\/\">slovosledu v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>. \u010cl\u00e1nek se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 SOV, modifik\u00e1tory a flexibilitou, ani\u017e by z\u00e1kladn\u00ed po\u0159ad\u00ed prom\u011bnil v absolutn\u00ed pravidlo.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u0159i j\u00e1dra pro za\u010d\u00e1tek tvorby v\u011bt<\/h2>\n<p>Nemus\u00edte ovl\u00e1dat v\u0161echny \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed, abyste vytvo\u0159ili prvn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy. Za\u010dn\u011bte se t\u0159emi \u010dast\u00fdmi j\u00e1dry.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Typ predik\u00e1tu<\/th><th>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/th><th>V\u00fdznam<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Jmenn\u00e1 fr\u00e1ze<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">Jsem student.<\/span><br \/><em>Jsem student.<\/em><\/td><td>Jsem student.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u306f\u9762\u767d\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono hon wa omoshiroi desu.<\/em><\/td><td>Tato kniha je zaj\u00edmav\u00e1.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Sloveso<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd den se u\u010d\u00edm japon\u0161tinu.<\/span><br \/><em>Ka\u017ed\u00fd den se u\u010d\u00edm japon\u0161tinu.<\/em><\/td><td>Studuji japon\u0161tinu ka\u017ed\u00fd den.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Na adrese <span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3059<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> pom\u00e1h\u00e1 vytvo\u0159it zdvo\u0159il\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed s podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem. To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ho lze um\u00edstit za jak\u00fdkoli slovesn\u00fd tvar. Pro vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed \u201cjak\u201d ve zdvo\u0159il\u00e9m registru pou\u017eijte <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/span>, a ne <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3067\u3059<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Chcete-li tyto vzorce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it, projd\u011bte si <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/podstatna-jmena-v-japonstine\/\">podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/druhy-pridavnych-jmen-v-japonstine\/\">typy japonsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Pou\u017e\u00edvejte \u010d\u00e1stice jako funk\u010dn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtky<\/h2>\n<p>\u010c\u00e1stice se objevuj\u00ed za slovem nebo skupinou a ozna\u010duj\u00ed, jak se tato skupina pod\u00edl\u00ed na sd\u011blen\u00ed. Ne v\u017edy odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed jedin\u00e9 portugalsk\u00e9 p\u0159edlo\u017ece; volba z\u00e1vis\u00ed na funkci ve v\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> (<em>wa<\/em>):<\/strong> uv\u00e1d\u00ed t\u00e9ma, o kter\u00e9m bude koment\u00e1\u0159.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> (<em>ga<\/em>):<\/strong> ozna\u010duje gramatick\u00fd podm\u011bt v r\u016fzn\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch a m\u016f\u017ee zd\u016fraznit, kdo nebo co je do d\u011bje zapojeno.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> (<em>o<\/em>):<\/strong> ozna\u010duje mimo jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt d\u011bje.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> (<em>ni<\/em>):<\/strong> m\u016f\u017ee ozna\u010dovat c\u00edl, \u010dasov\u00fd bod, existenci nebo c\u00edl, podle p\u0159\u00edsudku.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067<\/span> (<em>z<\/em>):<\/strong> m\u016f\u017ee ozna\u010dovat m\u00edsto, kde se d\u011bj odehr\u00e1v\u00e1, nebo prost\u0159edek, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u00edsto v\u00fdb\u011bru \u010d\u00e1stice podle izolovan\u00e9ho p\u0159ekladu ur\u010dete vztah mezi skupinou a p\u0159\u00edsudkem. Pr\u016fvodce <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/zakladni-castice-v-japonstine\/\">\u010d\u00e1stice v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a> p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed s dal\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edklady.<\/p>\n<h2>Z portugal\u0161tiny do p\u0159irozen\u00e9 japonsk\u00e9 v\u011bty<\/h2>\n<p>Zva\u017ete sd\u011blen\u00ed \u201cStuduji japon\u0161tinu v knihovn\u011b ka\u017edou sobotu\u201d. Nejprve rozd\u011blte informace do skupin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u010das: ka\u017edou sobotu;<\/li>\n<li>m\u00edsto d\u011bje: v knihovn\u011b;<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159edm\u011bt studia: japon\u0161tinu;<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159\u00edsudek: studovat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u011bta je:<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6bce\u9031\u571f\u66dc\u65e5\u3001\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3067\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Maish\u016b doy\u014dbi, toshokan de nihongo o benky\u014d shimasu.<\/em><br \/>Studuji japon\u0161tinu v knihovn\u011b ka\u017edou sobotu.<\/p>\n<p>Nebylo nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ekl\u00e1dat \u201cj\u00e1\u201d. Pokud je mluv\u010d\u00ed ji\u017e zn\u00e1m, vynech\u00e1n\u00ed <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> \u010din\u00ed v\u011btu \u00fasporn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 neexistuje povinn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stice za ka\u017ed\u00fdm \u010dasov\u00fdm v\u00fdrazem: <span lang=\"ja\">Ka\u017edou sobotu<\/span> funguje p\u0159\u00edmo jako \u010dasov\u00fd odkaz v tomto p\u0159\u00edkladu.<\/p>\n<p>NINJAL popisuje japon\u0161tinu jako jazyk se z\u00e1kladn\u00edm slovosledem SOV a ukazuje, \u017ee modifikuj\u00edc\u00ed prvky maj\u00ed tendenci p\u0159edch\u00e1zet hlavn\u00edmu term\u00ednu. Tato klasifikace je z\u00e1kladem anal\u00fdzy, ne \u0161ablonou, kter\u00e1 by nutila ka\u017edou v\u011btu obsahovat explicitn\u00ed podm\u011bt a p\u0159edm\u011bt. Viz <a href=\"https:\/\/kotoba.ninjal.ac.jp\/qa\/yokuaru\/qa-224\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edho slovosledu japon\u0161tiny<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Jak vytv\u00e1\u0159et ot\u00e1zky a z\u00e1porn\u00e9 v\u011bty<\/h2>\n<p>V po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm zdvo\u0159il\u00e9m stylu lze mnoho ot\u00e1zek vytvo\u0159it p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b<\/span> na konec:<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6f2b\u753b\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Manga o yomimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>\u010cte\u0161 mangu?<\/p>\n<p>Mluv\u010d\u00ed se obvykle vynech\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e je jasn\u00fd. Proto nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 mechanicky za\u010d\u00ednat slovem odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm \u201cty\u201d. \u010cl\u00e1nek o <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/jak-klast-otazky-v-japonstine\/\">jak kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a> ukazuje dal\u0161\u00ed t\u00e1zac\u00ed formy.<\/p>\n<p>Pro vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1poru ve stejn\u00e9m stylu zm\u011b\u0148te tvar slovesa:<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Ky\u014d wa k\u014dh\u012b o nomimasen.<\/em><br \/>Dnes nepiju k\u00e1vu.<\/p>\n<p>U podstatn\u00fdch jmen je \u010dastou zdvo\u0159ilou mo\u017enost\u00ed <span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span>:<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Gakusei ja nai desu.<\/em><br \/>Nejsem student.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010cast\u00e9 chyby p\u0159i sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bt<\/h2>\n<h3>P\u0159ekl\u00e1dat slovo od slova<\/h3>\n<p>Po\u0159ad\u00ed a funkce se neshoduj\u00ed s portugal\u0161tinou. Nejprve p\u0159elo\u017ete z\u00e1m\u011br a pot\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vu znovu sestavte podle japonsk\u00fdch vzor\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Opakovat z\u00e1jmena ve v\u0161ech v\u011bt\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> a dal\u0161\u00ed odkazy lze vynechat, kdy\u017e kontext ji\u017e identifikuje osobu. Jejich zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee \u0159e\u010d zat\u00ed\u017eit.<\/p>\n<h3>Vyb\u00edrat \u010d\u00e1stice podle pevn\u00e9 ekvivalence<\/h3>\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> neznamen\u00e1 v\u017edy \u201cv\u201d, stejn\u011b jako <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067<\/span> nem\u00e1 jedin\u00fd p\u0159eklad. V\u0161imn\u011bte si p\u0159\u00edsudku a funkce skupiny.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed registr\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Formy jako <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/span> pat\u0159\u00ed do zdvo\u0159il\u00e9ho registru; <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/span> je jednoduch\u00e1 forma. Pro prvn\u00ed souvislou v\u011btu zvolte jeden registr a dr\u017ete se ho.<\/p>\n<h3>Sna\u017eit se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 brzy sestavovat dlouh\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy<\/h3>\n<p>Za\u010dn\u011bte spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm j\u00e1drem a p\u0159id\u00e1vejte jednu skupinu po druh\u00e9. Je snaz\u0161\u00ed zkontrolovat <span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/span> p\u0159ed zahrnut\u00edm kdy, kde, s k\u00fdm a pro\u010d.<\/p>\n<h2>Cvi\u010den\u00ed: sestavte v\u011btu po skupin\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n<p>Uspo\u0159\u00e1dejte ka\u017edou zpr\u00e1vu a pot\u00e9 porovnejte s mo\u017enou odpov\u011bd\u00ed.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Z\u00edtra budu studovat doma.<\/li>\n<li>Yuki j\u00ed sushi v restauraci.<\/li>\n<li>\u010cte\u0161 mangu?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Odpov\u011bdi<\/h3>\n<p><strong>1. <span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5\u3001\u5bb6\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Ashita, ie de benky\u014d shimasu.<\/em><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5<\/span> ozna\u010duje \u010das, <span lang=\"ja\">\u5bb6\u3067<\/span> ozna\u010duje m\u00edsto d\u011bje a <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span> ukon\u010duje v\u011btu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3086\u304d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u3067\u5bff\u53f8\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Yuki-san wa resutoran de sushi o tabemasu.<\/em><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3086\u304d\u3055\u3093\u306f<\/span> p\u0159edstavuje t\u00e9ma, <span lang=\"ja\">\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u3067<\/span> ozna\u010duje m\u00edsto d\u011bje a <span lang=\"ja\">\u5bff\u53f8\u3092<\/span> ozna\u010duje p\u0159edm\u011bt.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. <span lang=\"ja\">\u6f2b\u753b\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Manga o yomimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>Mluv\u010d\u00ed je z kontextu z\u0159ejm\u00fd a <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b<\/span> zm\u011bn\u00ed zdvo\u0159ilou v\u011btu na ot\u00e1zku.<\/p>\n<h2>Jak cvi\u010dit bez spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se na doslovn\u00fd p\u0159eklad<\/h2>\n<p>Vyberte si kr\u00e1tk\u00fd vzor a vym\u011b\u0148te v\u017edy jen jeden prvek: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6c34\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u304a\u8336\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/span>. Pot\u00e9 p\u0159idejte \u010das nebo m\u00edsto. Tento tr\u00e9nink pom\u00e1h\u00e1 spojovat cel\u00e9 skupiny s komunika\u010dn\u00ed funkc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Ty <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/Grammar_all.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gramatick\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky Irodori od Japan Foundation<\/a>, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed vzory v komunika\u010dn\u00edch situac\u00edch a potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1stice ozna\u010duj\u00ed vztahy mezi prvky v\u011bty. Projekt tak\u00e9 poskytuje <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/en\/resources.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed seznam v\u011btn\u00fdch vzor\u016f a cvi\u010den\u00ed<\/a> pro dal\u0161\u00ed studium.<\/p>\n<h2>Dal\u0161\u00ed krok: vytv\u00e1\u0159ejte kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 a ov\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 v\u011bty<\/h2>\n<p>Za\u010dn\u011bte s predik\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 u\u017e zn\u00e1te, p\u0159idejte jednu nebo dv\u011b skupiny a porovnejte svou v\u011btu se spolehliv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edklady. Pro organizaci studia pou\u017eijte <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/kurz-japones-gratis-studium-pruvodce\/\">pr\u016fvodce kurzem japon\u0161tiny zdarma<\/a> a vra\u0165te se k <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/zakladni-japonska-gramatika\/\">z\u00e1klady japonsk\u00e9 gramatiky<\/a> kdykoli pot\u0159ebujete zopakovat funkci ka\u017ed\u00e9ho prvku.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010cast\u00e9 dotazy o tvorb\u011b v\u011bt v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-435109c75c9d9\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak\u00e9 je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slovosled ve v\u011bt\u011b v japon\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Japon\u0161tina je klasifikov\u00e1na jako jazyk se z\u00e1kladn\u00edm slovosledem SOV, ale nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pravidlem je ponechat p\u0159\u00edsudek na konci. P\u0159edchoz\u00ed skupiny se mohou li\u0161it podle kontextu a zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, proto\u017ee \u010d\u00e1stice pom\u00e1haj\u00ed nazna\u010dit jejich funkce.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-7e0bf4f3df141\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Pot\u0159ebuje ka\u017ed\u00e1 japonsk\u00e1 v\u011bta podm\u011bt?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ne. Podm\u011bt, t\u00e9ma a dal\u0161\u00ed prvky mohou b\u00fdt vynech\u00e1ny, pokud jsou ji\u017e jasn\u00e9 ze situace nebo z konverzace. V\u011bta tvo\u0159en\u00e1 pouze p\u0159\u00edsudkem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9m kontextu \u00fapln\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-24f6d0360195d\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Kdy m\u00e1m pou\u017e\u00edt desu ve v\u011bt\u011b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Na po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed \u00farovni se \u3067\u3059 objevuje ve zdvo\u0159il\u00fdch tvrzen\u00edch s podstatn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny a tak\u00e9 v konstrukc\u00edch s p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny. Nem\u011bl by se mechanicky p\u0159id\u00e1vat za sloveso v prost\u00e9m tvaru: pou\u017eijte \u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059 nebo \u98df\u3079\u308b, ne \u98df\u3079\u308b\u3067\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-10002cca838fd\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak poznat, kterou \u010d\u00e1stici pou\u017e\u00edt?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Identifikujte vztah mezi skupinou a p\u0159\u00edsudkem: t\u00e9ma, podm\u011bt, p\u0159edm\u011bt, c\u00edl, \u010das nebo m\u00edsto d\u011bje, nap\u0159\u00edklad. Vyhn\u011bte se volb\u011b \u010d\u00e1stice pouze podle pevn\u00e9ho p\u0159ekladu do portugal\u0161tiny.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-8988059df32be\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak procvi\u010dovat tvo\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bt, ani\u017e byste p\u0159ekl\u00e1dali slovo od slova?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Zapamatujte si kr\u00e1tk\u00fd vzor a v\u017edy nahra\u010fte jeden prvek. Pot\u00e9 p\u0159idejte \u010das, m\u00edsto nebo p\u0159edm\u011bt, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u017edy zachovejte p\u0159\u00edsudek a zkontrolujte funkci ozna\u010denou ka\u017edou \u010d\u00e1stic\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010dte se tvo\u0159it v\u011bty v japon\u0161tin\u011b od p\u0159\u00edsudku, organizujte ka\u017edou skupinu s \u010d\u00e1sticemi a vyhn\u011bte se doslovn\u00fdm p\u0159eklad\u016fm.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":85,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60,1],"tags":[71,2,3],"class_list":["post-2447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vocabulario-japones","category-japones","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2447","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2447"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2447\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4399,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2447\/revisions\/4399"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/85"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2447"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2447"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2447"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}