{"id":2768,"date":"2009-07-01T11:20:00","date_gmt":"2009-07-01T14:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2768"},"modified":"2020-06-08T00:29:45","modified_gmt":"2020-06-08T03:29:45","slug":"romadzi-a-jeho-uskali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/o-romaji-e-suas-armadilhas\/","title":{"rendered":"Romaji a jeho pasti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jak mnoz\u00ed z n\u00e1s ji\u017e v\u011bd\u00ed,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/nihongo-romaji-paper\/\">\u00faloha romad\u017ei v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/a>\u00a0(japonsky) je pom\u00e1hat p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed a v\u00fdslovnosti japonsk\u00fdch znak\u016f, nikoli nahrazovat japonsk\u00e9 p\u00edsmo na\u0161imi romanizovan\u00fdmi znaky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-medium\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/romaji-armadilhas-japoneses-lendo-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Romad\u017ei a jeho \u00faskal\u00ed \u2013 Japonci p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed\" class=\"wp-image-2772\" srcset=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/romaji-armadilhas-japoneses-lendo-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/romaji-armadilhas-japoneses-lendo-320x214.jpg 320w, https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/romaji-armadilhas-japoneses-lendo-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/romaji-armadilhas-japoneses-lendo.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tato skute\u010dnost zp\u016fsobuje \u0159adu probl\u00e9m\u016f a m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b br\u00e1nit rozvoji na\u0161\u00ed schopnosti \u010d\u00edst a ps\u00e1t v prav\u00e9m japon\u0161tin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pro\u010d se to d\u011bje?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u010dkoli si jsou v\u011bdomi t\u011bchto nev\u00fdhod, mnoho student\u016f japon\u0161tiny i nad\u00e1le trv\u00e1 na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed romaji v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, \u010d\u00edm\u017e tak\u0159ka nahrazuj\u00ed japonsk\u00fd zp\u016fsob psan\u00ed pomoc\u00ed kanji p\u00edsmeny na\u0161eho p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho abecedn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K tomu doch\u00e1z\u00ed z n\u011bkolika d\u016fvod\u016f, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad nedostatek\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/napsat-japonska-okna\/\">podpora japon\u0161tiny v modern\u00edch opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech<\/a>, jeliko\u017e tento dopln\u011bk nen\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f nainstalov\u00e1n ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed; neznalost dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f IME pro psan\u00ed v japon\u0161tin\u011b, jako jsou\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wakan-nastroj-pro-vyuku-japonstiny-zdarma\/\">wakan<\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/ajax-ime-psat-v-japonstine-na-pocitaci\/\">ajax ime<\/a>; nebo dokonce lenost spustit tyto programy a pou\u017e\u00edvat japon\u0161tinu tak, jak by se m\u011bla pou\u017e\u00edvat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nyn\u00ed se objevuje nov\u00fd probl\u00e9m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ned\u00e1vno jsem si uv\u011bdomil nov\u00fd probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee romad\u017ei zp\u016fsobit. Pokud se romad\u017ei pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jinak, ne\u017e jak bylo p\u016fvodn\u011b zam\u00fd\u0161leno, m\u016f\u017ee to v\u00e9st k nejasnostem p\u0159i p\u0159ekladu jednotliv\u00fdch v\u011bt a \u00faryvk\u016f text\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jde o to, \u017ee jedno kanji m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt n\u011bkolik r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00fdslovnost\u00ed, a proto se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t, \u017ee n\u011bkolik r\u016fzn\u00fdch kanji m\u00e1 stejnou v\u00fdslovnost, v z\u00e1vislosti na v\u011bt\u011b a kontextu slov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Co takhle vz\u00edt si sv\u016fj obl\u00edben\u00fd slovn\u00edk japon\u0161tiny a vyhledat v n\u011bm slovo \u304d? Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b tam najdeme celou \u0159adu kanji, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad \u6728, \u6c17, \u8a18\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K tomuto probl\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt i ve jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edch v\u011bt\u00e1ch, kde nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m kontext. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zkusili jste u\u017e n\u011bkdy p\u0159ev\u00e9st v\u011btu z romaji do kanji? V\u00fdsledek m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt naprost\u00fd zmatek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pro p\u0159edstavu: s vyu\u017eit\u00edm podpory japon\u0161tiny ve Windows je mo\u017en\u00e9 napsat slovo \u6771\u4eac podle v\u00fdslovnosti&nbsp;<strong>Higashi Myiako<\/strong>, co\u017e je nejen zcela nelogick\u00e9, ale ani se to nevyskytuje v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch japonsk\u00fdch v\u00fdkladech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na tom je, \u017ee tento probl\u00e9m se t\u00fdk\u00e1 jak za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, tak i pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edch student\u016f\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/marugoto\/\">Japonsk\u00fd jazyk<\/a>. Dokonce i Japonci maj\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee s v\u00fdslovnost\u00ed kanji, kter\u00e1 nejsou v <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/japonske-symboly-jouyou-kanji\/\">Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed kanji<\/a>\u00a0(1 945 ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch japonsk\u00fdch kanji, kter\u00e1 nejsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zn\u00e1m\u00e1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak tento probl\u00e9m s romaji minimalizovat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed s japon\u0161tinou jsem zjistil, \u017ee existuj\u00ed dva zp\u016fsoby, jak minimalizovat nejasnosti p\u0159i p\u0159ekladu japonsk\u00fdch text\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prvn\u00edm z nich je v\u017edy pou\u017e\u00edvat texty psan\u00e9 v kanji a co nejv\u00edce se obklopovat japonsk\u00fdm jazykem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Pokud se budete u\u010dit japon\u0161tinu, d\u00e1vejte p\u0159ednost text\u016fm psan\u00fdm v kanji.<\/strong><br \/>P\u0159i psan\u00ed pomoc\u00ed kanji je p\u0159eklad snaz\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nenaru\u0161uje \u010dtivost, proto\u017ee kanji zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1vaj\u00ed jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o v\u00fdznamu v\u011bty. A pokud je k textu p\u0159ilo\u017een zvukov\u00fd z\u00e1znam, je to je\u0161t\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Krom\u011b toho v\u011bty psan\u00e9 v prav\u00e9m japon\u0161tin\u011b usnad\u0148uj\u00ed osvojov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch kanji prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u010dten\u00ed text\u016f, co\u017e romad\u017ei m\u016f\u017ee naopak zkomplikovat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed naj\u00edt v\u00fdznam kanji ve slovn\u00edku podle samotn\u00e9ho znaku ne\u017e podle jeho v\u00fdslovnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pokud \u010dasto \u010dtete webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky v japon\u0161tin\u011b s kanji a m\u00e1te pot\u00ed\u017ee s v\u00fdslovnost\u00ed japonsk\u00fdch znak\u016f, doporu\u010duji v\u00e1m pou\u017e\u00edt plugin pro prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d Mozilla Firefox, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/furigana-injector-pridejte-furiganu-na-web\/\">Furigana Injector<\/a>\u00a0nebo weby jako nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/pridat-furiganu-s-hiraganou-megane\/\">hiragana megane<\/a>, kter\u00e9 automaticky vkl\u00e1daj\u00ed furiganu do webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a text\u016f psan\u00fdch kanji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. \u017dijte a st\u00fdkejte se s japonsk\u00fdm jazykem co nejv\u00edce to jde<\/strong><br \/>Mnoh\u00e9 z t\u011bchto nejasnost\u00ed se da\u0159\u00ed minimalizovat d\u00edky ka\u017edodenn\u00edmu styku s jazykem nebo d\u00edky znalosti kontextu v\u011bt, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b usnad\u0148uje porozum\u011bn\u00ed psan\u00e9mu textu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podle t\u00e9to logiky se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t, \u017ee nezn\u00e1me n\u011bjak\u00e9 kanji nebo slovo v romaji, ale d\u00edky pochopen\u00ed kontextu m\u016f\u017eeme porozum\u011bt sd\u011blen\u00ed textu, i kdy\u017e obsahuje nezn\u00e1m\u00e1 slova.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Op\u011bt si uv\u011bdomuji nedostatky ve v\u00fduce japon\u0161tiny zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nadm\u011brn\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm romaji. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kdykoli se budete u\u010dit japon\u0161tinu pomoc\u00ed text\u016f, sna\u017ete se \u010d\u00edst texty, webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky a knihy, kter\u00e9 jsou ps\u00e1ny v kanji. U\u0161et\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1m to pr\u00e1ci a \u010das, kter\u00fd byste jinak ztratili pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm romaji. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Krom\u011b toho se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm kanji budete st\u00e1le v\u00edce p\u0159ibli\u017eovat skute\u010dn\u00e9 japon\u0161tin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305f\u306d\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\"><small>Obr\u00e1zky pat\u0159\u00ed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/cafedumonde\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Caf\u00e9 du Monde<\/a>.<\/small><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jak ji\u017e mnoz\u00ed z n\u00e1s v\u011bd\u00ed, \u00falohou romad\u017ei v jazyce nihongo (\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e) je pom\u00e1hat p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed a v\u00fdslovnosti japonsk\u00fdch symbol\u016f, nikoliv nahrazovat japonsk\u00e9 p\u00edsmo na\u0161imi romanizovan\u00fdmi znaky. To zp\u016fsobuje n\u011bkolik probl\u00e9m\u016f<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":2772,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[92,99],"class_list":["post-2768","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-japones","tag-lingua-japonesa","tag-romaji","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2768","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2768"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2768\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2768"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2768"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2768"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}