{"id":284,"date":"2015-03-28T20:26:22","date_gmt":"2015-03-28T23:26:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=284"},"modified":"2018-03-15T01:08:41","modified_gmt":"2018-03-15T04:08:41","slug":"zakladni-castice-cast-1-%e3%81%af-a-%e3%81%8c-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/particulas-basicas-parte-1-%e3%81%af-e-%e3%81%8c\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice - \u010d\u00e1st 1 (\u306f a \u304c)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"c0799bc3a0e94be098a47dd4bca28a45\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-289 size-full\" title=\"Japonsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/what-are-the-particles-in-japanese-and-how-to-use-the-particles-21647566.jpg?resize=400%2C233&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Japonsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice\" width=\"400\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/what-are-the-particles-in-japanese-and-how-to-use-the-particles-21647566.jpg?w=400&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/what-are-the-particles-in-japanese-and-how-to-use-the-particles-21647566.jpg?resize=300%2C175&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ipravte se. Tady za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 drobnosti t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se tohoto \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9ho jazyka.<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00e1stice jsou z\u00e1padn\u00edmi lidmi velmi nen\u00e1vid\u011bn\u00e9, proto\u017ee obecn\u011b nem\u00e1me ekvivalent v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m z\u00e1padn\u00edm jazyce, tak\u017ee se mus\u00edme dr\u017eet jejich funk\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Nen\u00ed to nemo\u017en\u00e9, ale \u010dasto se m\u016f\u017eeme zm\u00fdlit v tom, kdy m\u016f\u017eeme um\u00edstit tu \u010di onu \u010d\u00e1stici, proto\u017ee maj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 funkce.<\/p>\n<p>Ne\u017e si tedy za\u010dnete rv\u00e1t vlasy, v\u011bzte, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 si je osvojit d\u00edky intenzivn\u00edmu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, tj. \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce budete tyto \u010d\u00e1stice \u010d\u00edst a sly\u0161et vlo\u017een\u00e9 do n\u011bjak\u00e9ho kontextu, t\u00edm v\u00edce si tento pojem automaticky postupn\u011b osvoj\u00edte.<\/p>\n<p>V\u017edy trv\u00e1me na tom, \u017ee byste se nem\u011bli sna\u017eit pochopit d\u016fvod v\u011bc\u00ed, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e je p\u0159ijmout. Tak\u017ee tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek, stejn\u011b jako ostatn\u00ed, bude z\u00e1kladem, abyste, jakmile pochop\u00edte, co jsou \u010d\u00e1stice, je mohli postupn\u011b skute\u010dn\u011b uchov\u00e1vat v sob\u011b, ani\u017e byste se nutn\u011b museli starat o jejich gramatickou funk\u010dnost.<\/p>\n<h2>Tak co kdybychom za\u010dali?<\/h2>\n<p>\u010c\u00e1stice ur\u010duj\u00ed vztah mezi jedn\u00edm slovem a druh\u00fdm, mezi slovesy a slovy ve v\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, jsou to \"odkazy\", kter\u00e9 existuj\u00ed v japonsk\u00e9m jazyce. To z nich nutn\u011b ne\u010din\u00ed p\u0159edlo\u017eky v portugal\u0161tin\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Ve skute\u010dnosti je k tomu daleko.<\/p>\n<p>Mohou ud\u00e1vat sm\u011br, o kom mluv\u00edte, kde mluv\u00edte, co komu pat\u0159\u00ed atd...<\/p>\n<p>Jak vid\u00edte, velmi se li\u0161\u00ed od p\u0159edlo\u017eek.<\/p>\n<p>Ale to, \u017ee je to obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je to nemo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>P\u016fjdeme pomalu?<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0\u010c\u00e1stice \u306f(wa)<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-288 size-full\" title=\"Japonsk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stice \u306f ha\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/ha.png?resize=204%2C262&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Japonsk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stice \u306f ha\" width=\"204\" height=\"262\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pokud zn\u00e1te japonskou abecedu hiragana, v\u00edte, \u017ee tato slabika (\u306f) se ve skute\u010dnosti \u010dte jako: ha (rr\u00e1).<\/p>\n<p>Tak pro\u010d jsem dal wa do z\u00e1vorek?<\/p>\n<p>Pro\u010d se slabika \u306f, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako \u010d\u00e1stice, \u010dte jako wa (u\u00e1)?<\/p>\n<p>Pro\u010d?<\/p>\n<p>Hmmm, nem\u00e1m tu\u0161en\u00ed, mus\u00edm se p\u0159iznat. Mo\u017en\u00e1 to m\u00e1 n\u011bco spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s ko\u0159eny jazyka, ale o tom je lep\u0161\u00ed nespekulovat, ne?<\/p>\n<p>Tato \u010d\u00e1stice se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k ozna\u010den\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011btu v\u011bty, tedy toho, o \u010dem se mluv\u00ed. Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, t\u00e9ma v\u011bty.<\/p>\n<p>\u308f\u305f\u3057<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u306f<\/span><\/strong>\u30d9\u30a2\u30c8\u30ea\u30b9\u3067\u3059\u3002 J\u00e1<strong> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">J\u00e1 jsem<\/span><\/strong> Beatriz.<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u306f<\/strong><\/span>\u3048\u3093\u3074\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002 Toto <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00e9<\/span><\/strong> tu\u017eku.<\/p>\n<p>Vid\u00edte? Nen\u00ed to p\u0159edlo\u017eka, tak\u017ee neexistuje spr\u00e1vn\u00fd p\u0159eklad.<\/p>\n<p>Pouze ozna\u010duje, o kom nebo o \u010dem se mluv\u00ed, a \"odkazuje\" na to. P\u0159i p\u0159ekladu byste tedy m\u011bli pou\u017e\u00edt ten, kter\u00fd nejl\u00e9pe odpov\u00edd\u00e1 va\u0161emu jazyku.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>J\u00e1 jsem<\/strong><\/span> e <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u00e9<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0\u010c\u00e1stice \u304c (ga)<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-287 size-full\" title=\"\u010c\u00e1stice \u304c (ga)\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/ga.png?resize=203%2C259&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u010c\u00e1stice \u304c (ga)\" width=\"203\" height=\"259\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>No, o tomhle nemus\u00edm moc mluvit.<\/p>\n<p>Tato \u010d\u00e1stice ozna\u010duje podm\u011bt v\u011bty, osobu, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1na n\u011bjak\u00e1 vlastnost nebo kter\u00e1 vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bjakou \u010dinnost.<\/p>\n<p>\u010casto se zam\u011b\u0148uje s \u010d\u00e1stic\u00ed \u306f, proto\u017ee m\u00e1 podobnou funkci.<\/p>\n<p>Proto\u017ee ozna\u010den\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011btu v\u011bty a t\u00e9matu v\u011bty se v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u010d\u00e1stice \u306f \u010dasto jev\u00ed jako tot\u00e9\u017e.<\/p>\n<p>\u3064\u304d<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u304c<\/strong><\/span>\u3067\u308b M\u011bs\u00edc vy\u0161el (narodil se)<\/p>\n<p>\u3042\u305f\u307e<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u304c<\/strong><\/span>\u3044\u305f\u3044\u3002 Hlava bol\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b neexistuje slovo, kter\u00e9 by se uk\u00e1zalo jako p\u0159eklad pro \u010d\u00e1stici \u304c, je tam prost\u011b, ukazuje, co je p\u0159edm\u011btem v\u011bty, a pokud tomu rozum\u00edme, je to dost dobr\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Uvid\u00edme se p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b. \u0160\u0165astn\u00e9 studium!<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159ipravte se. Tady za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed otravn\u00e9 drobnosti v tomto n\u00e1dhern\u00e9m jazyce. \u010c\u00e1stice jsou pro z\u00e1padn\u00ed lidi velmi nen\u00e1vid\u011bn\u00e9, proto\u017ee obecn\u011b nem\u00e1me ekvivalent v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m z\u00e1padn\u00edm jazyce, tak\u017ee mus\u00edme z\u016fstat u<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":289,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2,15],"class_list":["post-284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-japones","tag-idioma-japones","tag-particulas-basicas"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/what-are-the-particles-in-japanese-and-how-to-use-the-particles-21647566.jpg?fit=400%2C233&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=284"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/284\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/289"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=284"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=284"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}