{"id":1729,"date":"2009-11-15T09:19:47","date_gmt":"2009-11-15T11:19:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1729"},"modified":"2026-08-02T15:03:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T18:03:38","slug":"%ce%b2%ce%b1%cf%83%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ac-%cf%83%cf%89%ce%bc%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%af%ce%b4%ce%b9%ce%b1-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%b1-%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%80%cf%89%ce%bd%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/particulas-basicas-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03a3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac: \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u306f, \u304c, \u3092, \u306b \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u3067"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u039f\u03b9 <strong>\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/strong> \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ac.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u039c\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u03a4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"caj-learning-box\">\n<p><strong>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1;<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u306f, \u304c, \u3092, \u306b, \u3067, \u306e, \u3068, \u3078 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u3082\u00b7;<\/li>\n<li>\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u306f \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u304c, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u306b \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u3067\u00b7;<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2\u00b7;<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>\u03a4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b7 \u00ab\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u00bb \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac;<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 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\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1 + \u306f + \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u0395\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2.<\/span><br \/>\n\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: <em>\u0395\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2<\/em><br \/>\n\u03a1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9: <em>\u0395\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2.<\/em><br \/>\n\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7: \u0395\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u306f \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u79c1, \u201c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ce\u201d, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u306f \u03c9\u03c2 \u201c\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u201d \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0391\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c1\u03af\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/%ce%b8%ce%b5%ce%bc%ce%b5%ce%bb%ce%b9%cf%8e%ce%b4%ce%b7%cf%82-%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%80%cf%89%ce%bd%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae-%ce%b3%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%bc%ce%bc%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae\/\">\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2<\/a>. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u306f, \u3092 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u3078 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03cc,\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u306f<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 <em>\u03c7\u03b1<\/em>, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 <em>wa<\/em>;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3092<\/strong> \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 <em>o<\/em> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u00b7;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3078<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 <em>\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2<\/em>, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 <em>e<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u03a3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf<\/th>\n<th>\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/th>\n<th>\u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u306f (<em>wa<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"ja\">\u0395\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u03b3\u03b1 (<em>ga<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"ja\">\u0398\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba. \u03a4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u3092 (<em>o<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"ja\">\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03c9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u306b (<em>ni<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf, \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"ja\">\u03a0\u03ac\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u3067 (<em>\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"ja\">\u0398\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u306e (<em>\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u672c<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u3068 (<em>\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>Indica \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ac, \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u9054\u3068\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u3078 (<em>e<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u3082 (<em>mo<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u201c\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u201d \u03ae \u201c\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u201d \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u3082\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<!--Ads10-->\n\n<h2>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/h2>\n\n<h3>\u306f (wa): \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u306f \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u6691\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: <em>\u304d\u3087\u3046 \u306f \u3042\u3064\u3044 \u3067\u3059<\/em><br \/>\n\u03a1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9: <em>Ky\u014d wa atsui desu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7: \u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b6\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u4eca\u65e5, \u201c\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u201d. \u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9, \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1, \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/a-particula-wa\/\">\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf WA<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u304c (ga): \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u304c \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2. \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae, \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7, \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3060\u308c\u304c\u6765\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u6765\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: <em>\u3060\u308c \u304c \u304d\u307e\u3059 \u304b\u3002\u305f\u306a\u304b\u3055\u3093 \u304c \u304d\u307e\u3059<\/em><br \/>\n\u03a1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9: <em>Dare ga kimasu ka? Tanaka-san ga kimasu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7: \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9; \u0388\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf \u304c \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5. \u0397 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/%cf%83%cf%89%ce%bc%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%af%ce%b4%ce%b9%ce%bf-ga-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b9-%ce%bf%ce%b9-%ce%bb%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85%cf%81%ce%b3%ce%af%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85\/\">\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf GA \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u3092 (o): \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u3092 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd: \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9, \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9, \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03ae \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u6bce\u671d\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: <em>\u307e\u3044\u3042\u3055\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc \u3092 \u306e\u307f\u307e\u3059<\/em><br \/>\n\u03a1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9: <em>Maiasa, k\u014dh\u012b o nomimasu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7: \u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03af, \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03c9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059, \u201c\u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u306b (ni): \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2, \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u306b \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 \u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b1:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e03\u6642\u306b\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 \u039e\u03c5\u03c0\u03bd\u03ac\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u673a\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u672c\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 \u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bf;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u9054\u306b\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u9001\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 \u03a3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bd\u03c9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 email \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03c6\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b9' \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/ni-particle-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%b1-%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%80%cf%89%ce%bd%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ac\/\">\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf NI<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u3067 (de): \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u3067 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3067\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: <em>\u3068\u3057\u3087\u304b\u3093 \u3067 \u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054 \u3092 \u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/em><br \/>\n\u03a1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9: <em>Toshokan de nihongo o benky\u014d shimasu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7: \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf.<\/span><br \/>\n\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: <em>\u3067\u3093\u3057\u3083 \u3067 \u304b\u3044\u3057\u3083 \u306b \u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/em><br \/>\n\u03a1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9: <em>Densha de kaisha ni ikimasu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7: \u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u3067 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2. \u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/particle-of-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%b1-%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%80%cf%89%ce%bd%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ac\/\">\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf DE<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u306e (no): \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u306e \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u039c\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ae \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u6bcd\u306e\u8eca\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: <em>\u3053\u308c \u306f \u306f\u306f \u306e \u304f\u308b\u307e \u3067\u3059<\/em><br \/>\n\u03a1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9: <em>Kore wa haha no kuruma desu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7: \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u672c<\/span>, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u201c\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bf \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u201d. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u00b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u306e \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u3068 (to): \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u3068 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u9054\u3068\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: <em>\u3068\u3082\u3060\u3061 \u3068 \u3048\u3044\u304c \u3092 \u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/em><br \/>\n\u03a1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9: <em>Tomodachi to eiga o mimashita.<\/em><br \/>\n\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7: \u0395\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u30d1\u30f3\u3068\u725b\u4e73\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: <em>\u30d1\u30f3 \u3068 \u304e\u3085\u3046\u306b\u3085\u3046 \u3092 \u304b\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/em><br \/>\n\u03a1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9: <em>Pan to gy\u016bny\u016b o kaimashita.<\/em><br \/>\n\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7: \u0391\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c8\u03c9\u03bc\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/%cf%84%ce%bf-%ce%bc%cf%8c%cf%81%ce%b9%ce%bf-to-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%b1-%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%80%cf%89%ce%bd%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ac\/\">\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf TO<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u3078 (e): \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u3078 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u884c\u304f, \u201c\u03c0\u03ac\u03c9\u201d, \u6765\u308b, \u201c\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u201d, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u5e30\u308b, \u201c\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u5e74\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: <em>\u3089\u3044\u306d\u3093\u3001\u306b\u307b\u3093 \u3078 \u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/em><br \/>\n\u03a1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9: <em>Rainen, Nihon e ikimasu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7: \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf \u306b \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. \u03a4\u03bf \u3078 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/%cf%84%ce%bf-%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%80%cf%89%ce%bd%ce%b9%ce%ba%cf%8c-%cf%83%cf%89%ce%bc%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%af%ce%b4%ce%b9%ce%bf-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b9\/\">\u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf E<\/a> \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u3082 (mo): \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u3082 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03ae \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u201c\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u3055\u3093\u306f\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u3082\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: <em>\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u3055\u3093 \u306f \u304c\u304f\u305b\u3044 \u3067\u3059\u3002\u308f\u305f\u3057 \u3082 \u304c\u304f\u305b\u3044 \u3067\u3059<\/em><br \/>\n\u03a1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9: <em>Maria-san wa gakusei desu. Watashi mo gakusei desu.<\/em><br \/>\n\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7: \u0397 \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1. \u0395\u03b3\u03ce \u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u306f \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u304c<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u306f \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u304c \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u201c\u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u201d \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u306f<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf: \u201c\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf X\u2026\u201d;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u304c<\/strong> \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf X \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u038c\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3060\u308c\u304c\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002\u79c1\u304c\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2; \u0395\u03b3\u03ce \u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf \u79c1\u304c \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u3060\u308c, \u201c\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2\u201d. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u306b \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u3067<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf, \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u306b<\/strong> costuma marcar onde algu\u00e9m ou algo est\u00e1, existe ou chega;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3067<\/strong> costuma marcar onde uma a\u00e7\u00e3o acontece.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u306b\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\nH\u00e1 estudantes na biblioteca.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\nOs estudantes estudam na biblioteca.<\/p>\n\n<p>A biblioteca \u00e9 o lugar de exist\u00eancia no primeiro exemplo e o cen\u00e1rio da a\u00e7\u00e3o de estudar no segundo.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns de brasileiros<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Procurar uma tradu\u00e7\u00e3o fixa:<\/strong> part\u00edculas organizam rela\u00e7\u00f5es gramaticais; uma equival\u00eancia em portugu\u00eas pode mudar conforme a frase.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tratar \u306f como sujeito em todos os casos:<\/strong> \u306f apresenta o t\u00f3pico e tamb\u00e9m cria contraste.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trocar \u306b por \u3067:<\/strong> observe se o verbo expressa exist\u00eancia, destino ou uma a\u00e7\u00e3o realizada no local.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pronunciar \u306f, \u3092 e \u3078 como kana isolado:<\/strong> como part\u00edculas, elas s\u00e3o lidas <em>wa<\/em>, <em>o<\/em> e <em>e<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Decorar listas sem frases:<\/strong> pratique cada part\u00edcula junto com verbos e situa\u00e7\u00f5es recorrentes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Repetir pronomes desnecessariamente:<\/strong> o japon\u00eas costuma omitir informa\u00e7\u00f5es recuper\u00e1veis pelo contexto.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Exemplo em uma situa\u00e7\u00e3o real<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>\u0391:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3069\u3053\u3067\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Doko de nihongo o benky\u014d shimasu ka?<\/em><br \/>\nOnde voc\u00ea estuda japon\u00eas?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u0392:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u5bb6\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u571f\u66dc\u65e5\u306b\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Ie de benky\u014d shimasu. Doy\u014dbi ni toshokan e ikimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nEstudo em casa. Aos s\u00e1bados, vou \u00e0 biblioteca.<\/p>\n\n<p>No di\u00e1logo, \u3067 marca o local da a\u00e7\u00e3o de estudar, \u3092 marca o objeto \u201cjapon\u00eas\u201d, \u306b marca o tempo e \u3078 aponta a dire\u00e7\u00e3o do deslocamento.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcios sobre part\u00edculas japonesas<\/h2>\n\n<p>Complete com \u306f, \u304c, \u3092, \u306b, \u3067, \u306e, \u3068, \u3078 ou \u3082. Mais de uma resposta pode ser poss\u00edvel em outro contexto, mas escolha a op\u00e7\u00e3o mais natural para a leitura proposta.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6bce\u671d\u3001\u516d\u6642\uff08\u3000\uff09\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Acordo \u00e0s seis todas as manh\u00e3s.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u30ab\u30d5\u30a7\uff08\u3000\uff09\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\uff08\u3000\uff09\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Bebo caf\u00e9 na cafeteria.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\uff08\u3000\uff09\u8f9e\u66f8\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Este \u00e9 um dicion\u00e1rio de japon\u00eas.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3060\u308c\uff08\u3000\uff09\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Quem veio?<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u9054\uff08\u3000\uff09\u4eac\u90fd\uff08\u3000\uff09\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Fui a Kyoto com um amigo.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Ver respostas<\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li>\u306b: marca o hor\u00e1rio espec\u00edfico.<\/li>\n<li>\u3067 \/ \u3092: \u3067 marca o local da a\u00e7\u00e3o; \u3092 marca aquilo que \u00e9 bebido.<\/li>\n<li>\u306e: liga \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e e \u8f9e\u66f8.<\/li>\n<li>\u304c: identifica a pessoa procurada pela pergunta.<\/li>\n<li>\u3068 \/ \u306b ou \u3078: \u3068 marca companhia; \u306b marca o destino, e \u3078 tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 poss\u00edvel quando a dire\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 enfatizada.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<h2>\u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-168ebbc6cc42b\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u03a0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac;<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u039e\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03b2\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-c789efc05db6f\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7;<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-0556588d03dd1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u306f \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u304c;<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c4\u03bf \u306f \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf \u304c \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf. \u0397 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-e60e9d9c5037a\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u03a0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u00ab\u306b\u00bb \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf \u00ab\u3067\u00bb \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf;<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u00ab\u306b\u00bb \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u00b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u00ab\u3067\u00bb \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1. \u0397 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-efc82ef95734a\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1;<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7, \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\u0395\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1<\/h2>\n\n<p>Agora escolha uma dupla que costuma causar d\u00favida e estude-a em contexto. Comece por \u306f e \u304c ou por \u306b e \u3067, releia os exemplos e crie tr\u00eas frases pr\u00f3prias para cada fun\u00e7\u00e3o. Depois, aplique as part\u00edculas ao guia de <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/%cf%80%cf%8e%cf%82-%ce%bd%ce%b1-%cf%83%cf%87%ce%b7%ce%bc%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%af%cf%83%ce%b5%cf%84%ce%b5-%cf%80%cf%81%ce%bf%cf%84%ce%ac%cf%83%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%82-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%b1-%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%80%cf%89\/\">\u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p>As part\u00edculas no fim da senten\u00e7a, como \u306d e \u3088, cumprem outro papel: expressam a atitude do falante e administram a intera\u00e7\u00e3o. Elas s\u00e3o explicadas separadamente no artigo sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/end-of-sentence-particles-in-japanese\/\">part\u00edculas para o final de frases<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Fonte e crit\u00e9rio de revis\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n<p>As fun\u00e7\u00f5es e os contrastes deste guia foram conferidos na <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/Grammar_all.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">compila\u00e7\u00e3o oficial de notas gramaticais do Irodori<\/a>, material da Japan Foundation que apresenta part\u00edculas em situa\u00e7\u00f5es comunicativas e mostra, entre outros pontos, a diferen\u00e7a entre \u306b e \u3067 conforme o significado do verbo. A fonte foi verificada em 1\u00ba de agosto de 2026.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u039c\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u306f \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u304c \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u306b \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u3067, \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":4376,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,74],"tags":[69,27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-particulas-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1729","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1729"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1729\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4375,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1729\/revisions\/4375"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4376"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1729"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1729"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1729"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}