{"id":1756,"date":"2009-11-03T05:41:50","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1756"},"modified":"2026-08-15T13:40:26","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T16:40:26","slug":"form-masu-of-verbs-in-japanese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/forma-masu-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0397 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae masu \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac: \u307e\u3059, \u307e\u305b\u3093, \u307e\u3057\u305f \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A <strong>\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae masu<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u039f\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2: <strong>\u307e\u3059<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7-\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, <strong>\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7-\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, <strong>\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b5\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac. \u201c\u039c\u03b7-\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u201d \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd \u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae masu;<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae masu \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7-\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a4\u03bf <a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/reference\/001.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 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\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u03a0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03cd\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03cd\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Irodori \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb \u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/a> \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u3067\u3059 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u307e\u3059 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae masu \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%b5%cf%80%ce%af%cf%83%ce%b7%ce%bc%ce%b1-%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%80%cf%89%ce%bd%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ac-%cf%81%ce%ae%ce%bc%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%b1\/\">\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/a> \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u00b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u307e\u3059 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 <em>keigo<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u307e\u3059 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u03a0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 godan, ichidan \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf. \u0391\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/%ce%bf%ce%bc%ce%ac%ce%b4%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%81%ce%b7%ce%bc%ce%ac%cf%84%cf%89%ce%bd-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%b1-%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%80%cf%89%ce%bd%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ac\/\">\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/a>. \u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03be\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u308b, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u03a1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 godan: \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae U \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae I<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 godan, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf kana \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 I \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u307e\u3059. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>\u03a4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2<\/th><th>\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae<\/th><th>\u03a1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1<\/th><th>\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u307e\u3059<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u3046<\/td><td>\u3046 \u2192 \u3044<\/td><td>\u8cb7\u3046 (kau)<\/td><td>\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059 (kaimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u304f<\/td><td>\u304f \u2192 \u304d<\/td><td>\u66f8\u304f (kaku)<\/td><td>\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059 (kakimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3050<\/td><td>\u3050 \u2192 \u304e<\/td><td>\u6cf3\u3050 (oyogu)<\/td><td>\u6cf3\u304e\u307e\u3059 (oyogimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3059<\/td><td>\u3059 \u2192 \u3057<\/td><td>\u8a71\u3059 (hanasu)<\/td><td>\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3059 (hanashimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3064<\/td><td>\u3064 \u2192 \u3061<\/td><td>\u5f85\u3064 (matsu)<\/td><td>\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3059 (machimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u306c<\/td><td>\u306c \u2192 \u306b<\/td><td>\u6b7b\u306c (shinu)<\/td><td>\u6b7b\u306b\u307e\u3059 (shinimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3076<\/td><td>\u3076 \u2192 \u3073<\/td><td>\u904a\u3076 (asobu)<\/td><td>\u904a\u3073\u307e\u3059 (asobimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3080<\/td><td>\u3080 \u2192 \u307f<\/td><td>\u98f2\u3080 (nomu)<\/td><td>\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059 (nomimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u308b<\/td><td>\u308b \u2192 \u308a<\/td><td>\u5e30\u308b (kaeru)<\/td><td>\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059 (kaerimasu)<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h3>Verbos ichidan: retire \u308b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Nos verbos ichidan, retire o \u308b final e acrescente \u307e\u3059: \u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059, \u898b\u308b \u2192 \u898b\u307e\u3059 e \u8d77\u304d\u308b \u2192 \u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059. N\u00e3o aplique essa regra automaticamente a todo verbo terminado em <em>-iru<\/em> \u03ae <em>-eru<\/em>: \u5e30\u308b, \u5165\u308b e \u8d70\u308b, por exemplo, s\u00e3o godan.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u0391\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/h3>\n\n<p>Os dois padr\u00f5es centrais do grupo irregular s\u00e3o est\u00e1veis: \u3059\u308b torna-se \u3057\u307e\u3059, e \u6765\u308b (\u304f\u308b, <em>kuru<\/em>) torna-se \u6765\u307e\u3059 (\u304d\u307e\u3059, <em>kimasu<\/em>). Em verbos compostos com \u3059\u308b, a mesma transforma\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 mantida: \u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<p>O <a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/reference\/002.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b6\u03b5\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Marugoto<\/a> permite comparar a forma \u307e\u3059, a base sem \u307e\u3059 e as formas de dicion\u00e1rio, \u3066, \u305f e \u306a\u3044 nos tr\u00eas grupos.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como formar \u307e\u305b\u3093, \u307e\u3057\u305f e \u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Depois de encontrar a base, escolha a termina\u00e7\u00e3o que combina tempo e polaridade. N\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio memorizar uma regra diferente para cada grupo: a diferen\u00e7a entre os grupos est\u00e1 na forma\u00e7\u00e3o da base; as quatro termina\u00e7\u00f5es polidas s\u00e3o regulares.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>\u03a1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1<\/th><th>\u307e\u3059<\/th><th>\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/th><th>\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/th><th>\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u66f8\u304f<\/td><td>\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/td><td>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03c9<\/td><td>\u0388\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b1<\/td><td>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/td><td>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/td><td>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c9<\/td><td>\u0388\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03b1<\/td><td>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03b1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3059\u308b<\/td><td>\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/td><td>\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9<\/td><td>\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1<\/td><td>\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6765\u308b<\/td><td>\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/td><td>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/td><td>\u0389\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5<\/td><td>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03ae\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>A base sem \u307e\u3059 tamb\u00e9m participa de outras estruturas. O <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori mostra a base de \u307e\u3059 antes de \u65b9<\/a>, como em \u66f8\u304d\u65b9, \u201cmodo de escrever\u201d. Isso ajuda a perceber que \u66f8\u304d \u00e9 uma base \u00fatil, e n\u00e3o uma palavra completa independente.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads10-->\n\n<h2>O n\u00e3o-passado pode indicar presente ou futuro<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059 n\u00e3o corresponde apenas a \u201ccomo\u201d. Dependendo de uma express\u00e3o de tempo ou da situa\u00e7\u00e3o, tamb\u00e9m pode significar \u201cvou comer\u201d. O japon\u00eas n\u00e3o cria uma termina\u00e7\u00e3o futura separada nesse paradigma.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u6bce\u671d\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u307e\u3044\u3042\u3055\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u3092\u306e\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Maiasa, k\u014dh\u012b o nomimasu.<\/em><br \/>\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03c9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03af.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u660e\u65e5\u3001\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3042\u3057\u305f\u3001\u3068\u3057\u3087\u304b\u3093\u3078\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Ashita, toshokan e ikimasu.<\/em><br \/>Amanh\u00e3, vou \u00e0 biblioteca.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u8089\u3092\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304d\u3087\u3046\u306f\u306b\u304f\u3092\u305f\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<br \/><em>Ky\u014d wa niku o tabemasen.<\/em><br \/>Hoje, n\u00e3o vou comer carne.<\/p>\n\n<p>As express\u00f5es \u6bce\u671d, \u660e\u65e5 e \u4eca\u65e5 orientam a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o. Sem contexto, a forma n\u00e3o-passada continua compat\u00edvel tanto com h\u00e1bitos e fatos gerais quanto com a\u00e7\u00f5es futuras.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como usar a forma masu em frases<\/h2>\n\n<p>Em uma ora\u00e7\u00e3o independente, o verbo geralmente aparece no final. Part\u00edculas continuam marcando as rela\u00e7\u00f5es entre os elementos; o guia sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/%cf%80%cf%8e%cf%82-%ce%bd%ce%b1-%cf%83%cf%87%ce%b7%ce%bc%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%af%cf%83%ce%b5%cf%84%ce%b5-%cf%80%cf%81%ce%bf%cf%84%ce%ac%cf%83%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%82-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%b1-%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%80%cf%89\/\">\u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/a> aprofunda essa organiza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u6628\u65e5\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304d\u306e\u3046\u3001\u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054\u3092\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Kin\u014d, nihongo o benky\u014d shimashita.<\/em><br \/>Ontem, estudei japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u5148\u9031\u306e\u65e5\u66dc\u65e5\u306f\u50cd\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u305b\u3093\u3057\u3085\u3046\u306e\u306b\u3061\u3088\u3046\u3073\u306f\u306f\u305f\u3089\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Sensh\u016b no nichiy\u014dbi wa hatarakimasen deshita.<\/em><br \/>No domingo passado, n\u00e3o trabalhei.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u039c\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>A: \u6bce\u65e5\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u307e\u3044\u306b\u3061\u3001\u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054\u3092\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<br \/><em>Mainichi, nihongo o benky\u014d shimasu ka?<\/em><br \/>Voc\u00ea estuda japon\u00eas todos os dias?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B: \u306f\u3044\u3001\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u6628\u65e5\u306f\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u306f\u3044\u3001\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u304d\u306e\u3046\u306f\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Hai, benky\u014d shimasu. Demo, kin\u014d wa benky\u014d shimasen deshita.<\/em><br \/>Sim, estudo. Mas ontem n\u00e3o estudei.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Forma masu e forma simples n\u00e3o ocupam sempre o mesmo lugar<\/h2>\n\n<p>A forma masu \u00e9 apropriada para encerrar o predicado de uma ora\u00e7\u00e3o em estilo polido. Antes de um substantivo, por\u00e9m, usa-se a forma simples: \u65e5\u672c\u3067\u50cd\u304f\u4eba\u3067\u3059 significa \u201c\u00e9 uma pessoa que trabalha no Jap\u00e3o\u201d. A sequ\u00eancia <strong>\u50cd\u304d\u307e\u3059\u4eba<\/strong> n\u00e3o funciona nessa posi\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<p>Por isso, uma frase polida pode conter uma forma simples dentro dela e terminar em \u3067\u3059 ou \u307e\u3059. Essa diferen\u00e7a evita a ideia equivocada de que todas as formas verbais de uma frase precisam receber \u307e\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns ao conjugar a forma masu<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Chamar \u307e\u3059 apenas de presente:<\/strong> ela pertence ao n\u00e3o-passado e tamb\u00e9m pode indicar futuro.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Retirar \u308b de todo verbo:<\/strong> \u5e30\u308b \u00e9 godan, ent\u00e3o forma \u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059, n\u00e3o uma forma baseada em \u5e30.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Esquecer a mudan\u00e7a \u3046 \u2192 \u3044:<\/strong> \u8cb7\u3046 torna-se \u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059, e n\u00e3o uma sequ\u00eancia com \u308f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Usar \u307e\u3059 antes de substantivos:<\/strong> ora\u00e7\u00f5es que qualificam nomes normalmente exigem a forma simples.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Formar o passado negativo como \u307e\u305b\u3093\u3060\u3063\u305f:<\/strong> o padr\u00e3o polido ensinado aqui \u00e9 \u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confundir polidez com honor\u00edfico:<\/strong> \u307e\u3059 marca estilo polido, mas n\u00e3o substitui escolhas pr\u00f3prias de <em>keigo<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcio de conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Transforme \u66f8\u304f no n\u00e3o-passado afirmativo polido.<\/li>\n<li>Transforme \u98df\u3079\u308b no n\u00e3o-passado negativo polido.<\/li>\n<li>Transforme \u3059\u308b no passado afirmativo polido.<\/li>\n<li>Transforme \u6765\u308b no passado negativo polido.<\/li>\n<li>Transforme \u5e30\u308b no n\u00e3o-passado negativo polido.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details>\n<summary>Ver respostas comentadas<\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059:<\/strong> \u66f8\u304f \u00e9 godan; \u304f muda para \u304d antes de \u307e\u3059.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093:<\/strong> retire \u308b de \u98df\u3079\u308b e acrescente \u307e\u305b\u3093.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f:<\/strong> a base irregular de \u3059\u308b \u00e9 \u3057, seguida de \u307e\u3057\u305f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f:<\/strong> \u6765\u308b usa a leitura \u304d na forma polida e recebe \u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093:<\/strong> \u5e30\u308b \u00e9 godan; \u308b muda para \u308a antes de \u307e\u305b\u3093.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<h2>Resumo e pr\u00f3ximos passos<\/h2>\n\n<p>Para usar a forma masu, fa\u00e7a tr\u00eas escolhas: identifique o grupo verbal, encontre a base e selecione uma das quatro termina\u00e7\u00f5es. Use \u307e\u3059 e \u307e\u305b\u3093 no n\u00e3o-passado; use \u307e\u3057\u305f e \u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f no passado. Depois, confirme se a situa\u00e7\u00e3o pede estilo polido e observe onde a forma simples continua necess\u00e1ria. Para situar essas escolhas no sistema maior do idioma, revise tamb\u00e9m os <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/%ce%b8%ce%b5%ce%bc%ce%b5%ce%bb%ce%b9%cf%8e%ce%b4%ce%b7%cf%82-%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%80%cf%89%ce%bd%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae-%ce%b3%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%bc%ce%bc%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae\/\">\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Com essa base dominada, avance para a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/%ce%b4%ce%b9%ce%b1%ce%bc%ce%bf%cf%81%cf%86%cf%8e%cf%83%cf%84%ce%b5-%cf%84%ce%b1-%ce%bc%ce%ac%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%b1-%cf%83%ce%b1%cf%82-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%b7%ce%bd-%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%80%cf%89%ce%bd%ce%af%ce%b1\/\">forma \u3066 dos verbos<\/a>, usada em muitas constru\u00e7\u00f5es, e para a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/form-mashou-of-verbs-in-japanese\/\">forma \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/a>, que aproveita a mesma base para fazer propostas como \u201cvamos fazer\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-63756a173979c\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0397 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u307e\u3059 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd \u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd;<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u307e\u3059 \u00e9 uma forma afirmativa do n\u00e3o-passado. Ela pode descrever h\u00e1bitos e fatos atuais ou uma a\u00e7\u00e3o futura. Express\u00f5es como \u6bce\u65e5 (todos os dias), \u4eca\u65e5 (hoje) e \u660e\u65e5 (amanh\u00e3), al\u00e9m do contexto, orientam a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-ca4cee4b68b13\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 masu \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd;<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7-\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u98df\u3079\u308b. \u0397 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae masu \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cd\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-7a4e10f04554c\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 -iru \u03ae -eru \u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u308b \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u307e\u3059;<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u038c\u03c7\u03b9. \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 -iru \u03ae -eru \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 ichidan \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u308b, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 godan \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u5e30\u308b, \u5165\u308b \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u8d70\u308b. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac, \u03c4\u03bf \u308b \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u308a: \u03c4\u03bf \u5e30\u308b \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-33ef3ba7f4624\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 masu;<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u307e\u305b\u3093 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b7-\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf, \u03c4\u03bf \u307e\u3057\u305f \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1: \u66f8\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093, \u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u66f8\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-02a3ff2be913a\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u03a0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce \u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u307e\u3059;<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b5\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7. \u039c\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u039c\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u307e\u3059, \u307e\u305b\u3093, \u307e\u3057\u305f \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1758,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1756"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1756\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4424,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1756\/revisions\/4424"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}