{"id":1751,"date":"2009-11-03T05:37:49","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:37:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1751"},"modified":"2026-08-11T16:49:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T19:49:38","slug":"japanese-informal-verbs-mode","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/modo-informal-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Simple form of Japanese verbs: present, past, and negative"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>THE <strong>simple form of Japanese verbs<\/strong> is not a single conjugation. It brings together four combinations: affirmative and negative in the non-past, as well as affirmative and negative in the past. The dictionary form is just the affirmative version of the non-past, such as <strong>\u66f8\u304f<\/strong> (to write) and <strong>\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/strong> (to eat).<\/p>\n\n<p>These forms appear at the end of casual speech, but also within grammatical constructions used in polite sentences. Therefore, \u201csimple form\u201d is a more accurate name than treating them all just as \u201cinformal mode.\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2>The four simple forms in a table<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Form<\/th><th>Group 1<\/th><th>Group 2<\/th><th>\u3059\u308b<\/th><th>\u6765\u308b<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Non-past affirmative<\/td><td>\u66f8\u304f<\/td><td>\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/td><td>\u3059\u308b<\/td><td>\u6765\u308b\uff08\u304f\u308b\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Non-past negative<\/td><td>\u66f8\u304b\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u3057\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u6765\u306a\u3044\uff08\u3053\u306a\u3044\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Affirmative past<\/td><td>\u66f8\u3044\u305f<\/td><td>\u98df\u3079\u305f<\/td><td>\u3057\u305f<\/td><td>\u6765\u305f\uff08\u304d\u305f\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>negative past<\/td><td>\u66f8\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u98df\u3079\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u6765\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u3053\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>O <a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/reference\/001.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto's chart of polite and simple forms<\/a>, from the Japan Foundation, organizes exactly these four combinations. It also records important special forms, such as <strong>\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u306a\u3044<\/strong> and <strong>\u884c\u304f \u2192 \u884c\u3063\u305f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Dictionary form is not infinitive<\/h2>\n\n<p>The dictionary form gets its name because it is the entry used to look up a verb. It is not a \u201cprimitive\u201d form nor does it correspond perfectly to the Portuguese infinitive. In Japanese, this same form already functions as a predicate and expresses an event in the <strong>non-past<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>The non-past can indicate habit, general truth, current state, or future, depending on the verb and context:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6bce\u65e5\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u307e\u3044\u306b\u3061\u3001\u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054\u3092\u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/><em>Mainichi, Nihongo o benky\u014d suru.<\/em><br \/>I study Japanese every day.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tomorrow, I will meet a friend.<\/strong><br \/>Ashita, tomodachi ni au.<br \/><em>Ashita, tomodachi ni au.<\/em><br \/>I will meet a friend tomorrow.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Thus, calling <strong>\u66f8\u304f<\/strong> it just \u201cpresent\u201d erases an important difference. Japanese opposes past and non-past; expressions like <strong>every day<\/strong> and <strong>\u660e\u65e5<\/strong> help define the temporal reading.<\/p>\n\n<h2>First, identify the verb group<\/h2>\n\n<p>The transformation depends on the group. If this classification still causes doubt, review the <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/japanese-verb-groups\/\">godan, ichidan, and irregular verbs<\/a> before applying the rules below.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Group 1, or godan:<\/strong> the last mora changes, as in \u66f8\u304f, \u8aad\u3080, and \u5e30\u308b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Group 2, or ichidan:<\/strong> the final \u308b is removed before various endings, as in \u898b\u308b and \u98df\u3079\u308b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Group 3:<\/strong> brings together the patterns of \u3059\u308b and \u6765\u308b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Not every verb ending in <em>-iru<\/em> or <em>-eru<\/em> belongs to Group 2. <strong>\u5e30\u308b<\/strong>, <strong>\u8d70\u308b<\/strong>, <strong>\u5207\u308b<\/strong> and <strong>\u8981\u308b<\/strong>, for example, are Group 1.<\/p>\n\n<h2>How to form the non-past negative<\/h2>\n\n<h3>Group 1: change the last mora to the a-line<\/h3>\n\n<p>In godan verbs, the final mora changes to the corresponding one with an a sound <em>a<\/em> and receives <strong>\u306a\u3044<\/strong>. The ending <strong>\u3046<\/strong> is the special case: it changes to <strong>\u308f<\/strong>, not \u3042.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Ending<\/th><th>Change<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u3046<\/td><td>\u308f\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u8cb7\u3046 \u2192 \u8cb7\u308f\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u304f<\/td><td>\u304b\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u66f8\u304f \u2192 \u66f8\u304b\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3050<\/td><td>\u304c\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u6cf3\u3050 \u2192 \u6cf3\u304c\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3059<\/td><td>\u3055\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u8a71\u3059 \u2192 \u8a71\u3055\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3064<\/td><td>\u305f\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u5f85\u3064 \u2192 \u5f85\u305f\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u306c\u30fb\u3076\u30fb\u3080<\/td><td>\u306a\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u3070\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u307e\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u6b7b\u306c \u2192 \u6b7b\u306a\u306a\u3044; \u8aad\u3080 \u2192 \u8aad\u307e\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u308b<\/td><td>\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u5e30\u308b \u2192 \u5e30\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><strong>\u3042\u308b<\/strong> is special: its simple negative is <strong>\u306a\u3044<\/strong>, and not <span aria-label=\"incorrect form\">\u3042\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Groups 2 and 3<\/h3>\n\n<p>In Group 2, remove <strong>\u308b<\/strong> and add <strong>\u306a\u3044<\/strong>: <strong>\u898b\u308b \u2192 \u898b\u306a\u3044<\/strong> and <strong>\u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044<\/strong>. In Group 3, memorize the two central patterns: <strong>\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u306a\u3044<\/strong> and <strong>\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u306a\u3044\uff08\u3053\u306a\u3044\uff09<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>How to form the affirmative past<\/h2>\n\n<p>The simple past of Group 1 follows the same sound groupings as the \u3066 form. The <a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/reference\/002.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto's verb conjugation appendix<\/a> allows you to compare dictionary, \u3066, \u305f, and \u306a\u3044 forms side by side.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Group 1 endings<\/th><th>Past<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u3046\u30fb\u3064\u30fb\u308b<\/td><td>\u3063\u305f<\/td><td>\u8cb7\u3046 \u2192 \u8cb7\u3063\u305f; \u5f85\u3064 \u2192 \u5f85\u3063\u305f; \u5e30\u308b \u2192 \u5e30\u3063\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3080\u30fb\u3076\u30fb\u306c<\/td><td>\u3093\u3060<\/td><td>\u8aad\u3080 \u2192 \u8aad\u3093\u3060; \u904a\u3076 \u2192 \u904a\u3093\u3060; \u6b7b\u306c \u2192 \u6b7b\u3093\u3060<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u304f<\/td><td>\u3044\u305f<\/td><td>\u66f8\u304f \u2192 \u66f8\u3044\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3050<\/td><td>\u3044\u3060<\/td><td>\u6cf3\u3050 \u2192 \u6cf3\u3044\u3060<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3059<\/td><td>\u3057\u305f<\/td><td>\u8a71\u3059 \u2192 \u8a71\u3057\u305f<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>The most frequent exception is <strong>\u884c\u304f \u2192 \u884c\u3063\u305f<\/strong>. In Group 2, remove \u308b and add \u305f: <strong>\u898b\u308b \u2192 \u898b\u305f<\/strong> and <strong>\u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u305f<\/strong>. In Group 3, use <strong>\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u305f<\/strong> and <strong>\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u305f\uff08\u304d\u305f\uff09<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads10-->\n\n<h2>How to form the negative past<\/h2>\n\n<p>After producing the form in <strong>\u306a\u3044<\/strong>, remove the <strong>\u3044<\/strong> final and add <strong>\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>. The procedure applies to the three groups:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u66f8\u304b\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u66f8\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong> (did not write);<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong> (did not eat);<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3057\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong> (did not do);<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6765\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u6765\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>\uff08\u3053\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f, did not come\uff09;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong> (there was not; there did not exist, for \u3042\u308b).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>This regularity is useful: instead of memorizing another whole table, you start from the negative non-past form you already know.<\/p>\n\n<h2>When to use the plain form<\/h2>\n\n<p>At the end of the main clause, the plain style is common in casual conversations. The choice depends on the relationship between people and the situation, not just a fixed list of \u201cfriends and family.\u201d The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/pre-intermediate\/pdf\/ZZ_L09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori<\/a> material on polite and plain styles emphasizes precisely this appropriateness to the interlocutor and context.<\/p>\n\n<p>In a conversation between close people:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A: \u660e\u65e5\u3001\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u306b\u884c\u304f\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u3042\u3057\u305f\u3001\u3068\u3057\u3087\u304b\u3093\u306b\u3044\u304f\uff1f<br \/><em>Ashita, toshokan ni iku?<\/em><br \/>Are you going to the library tomorrow?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B: \u3046\u3093\u3001\u884c\u304f\u3002<\/strong><br \/><em>Un, iku.<\/em><br \/>Yeah, I'll go.<\/p>\n\n<p>But the simple form also appears inside polite sentences, before elements that require that connection:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u306b\u307b\u3093\u3078\u3044\u304f\u3068\u304a\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Nihon e iku to omoimasu.<\/em><br \/>I think I'll go to Japan.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u884c\u304f<\/strong> is in the simple form before <strong>\u3068<\/strong>, while <strong>\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/strong> keeps the polite ending. This shows why \u201csimple form\u201d and \u201cinformal speech\u201d are not exactly the same thing.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Simple form before nouns and other structures<\/h2>\n\n<p>The four simple forms can directly modify a noun. The <a href=\"https:\/\/a2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/description\/016.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto notes on verb + noun<\/a> show the full contrast between <strong>\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/strong>, <strong>\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044<\/strong>, <strong>\u98df\u3079\u305f<\/strong> and <strong>\u98df\u3079\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u671d\u3054\u306f\u3093\u3092\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3042\u3055\u3054\u306f\u3093\u3092\u305f\u3079\u306a\u3044\u3072\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Asa-gohan o tabenai hito desu.<\/em><br \/>He is a person who doesn't eat breakfast.<\/p>\n\n<p>Other common constructions include:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>verb + \u3053\u3068:<\/strong> \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068 (studying Japanese);<\/li>\n<li><strong>clause + \u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059:<\/strong> \u6765\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059 (I think he'll come);<\/li>\n<li><strong>clause + \u3093\u3067\u3059:<\/strong> \u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u805e\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059 (it's that I'd like to ask something);<\/li>\n<li><strong>verb + noun:<\/strong> \u6628\u65e5\u8cb7\u3063\u305f\u672c (the book I bought yesterday).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>To build complete sentences with these elements, also check the guide on <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/how-to-form-sentence-in-japanese\/\">how to form sentences in japanese<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Common mistakes with the plain form<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Calling the dictionary form the infinitive:<\/strong> the comparison can help at first, but it doesn't describe all Japanese functions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confusing the plain form with a single ending:<\/strong> it includes \u308b, \u306a\u3044, \u305f, and \u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f, depending on tense and polarity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Always translating the non-past as present:<\/strong> <strong>\u660e\u65e5\u884c\u304f<\/strong> usually indicates future.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Classifying every verb ending in -iru or -eru as Group 2:<\/strong> confirm exceptions like \u5e30\u308b and \u8d70\u308b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Using the plain form at the end of any conversation:<\/strong> evaluate the relationship, situation, and expected level of politeness.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inserting spaces within the conjugation:<\/strong> write <strong>\u8cb7\u308f\u306a\u3044<\/strong>, not <span aria-label=\"incorrect form\">\u8cb7\u308f \u306a\u3044<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Commented exercise<\/h2>\n\n<p>Transform each verb into the four forms: non-past affirmative, non-past negative, past affirmative, and past negative.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u66f8\u304f:<\/strong> \u66f8\u304f\u30fb\u66f8\u304b\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u30fb\u66f8\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u98df\u3079\u308b:<\/strong> \u98df\u3079\u308b\u30fb\u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u98df\u3079\u305f\u30fb\u98df\u3079\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u884c\u304f:<\/strong> \u884c\u304f\u30fb\u884c\u304b\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u884c\u3063\u305f\u30fb\u884c\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f. The past affirmative is special.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3059\u308b:<\/strong> \u3059\u308b\u30fb\u3057\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u3057\u305f\u30fb\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6765\u308b:<\/strong> \u6765\u308b\uff08\u304f\u308b\uff09\u30fb\u6765\u306a\u3044\uff08\u3053\u306a\u3044\uff09\u30fb\u6765\u305f\uff08\u304d\u305f\uff09\u30fb\u6765\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u3053\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff09.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>As a quick reference rule: identify the group, form the negative with \u306a\u3044, form the past with \u305f, and derive the past negative by swapping the \u3044 of \u306a\u3044 for \u304b\u3063\u305f.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Next Steps<\/h2>\n\n<p>After mastering the four simple forms, compare them with the <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/masu-form-of-japanese-verbs\/\">masu form of verbs<\/a>. Then, practice the <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/form-you-verbs-in-japanese\/\">\u3066-form<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/potential-form-of-japanese-verbs\/\">potential form<\/a>. To review the place of these forms in the language system, return to the <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/fundamental-japanese-grammar\/\">Basics of Japanese Grammar<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-9d22e4e2ee8ce\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">What is the difference between simple form and dictionary form?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>The dictionary form is only the simple affirmative non-past form, such as \u66f8\u304f and \u98df\u3079\u308b. The set of simple forms also includes the \u306a\u3044, \u305f, and \u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f versions.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-e13f8d7309ae3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Is the simple form always informal?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>No. At the end of the main clause, it is characteristic of the plain style and often appears in casual interactions. However, it is also required within structures such as verb + noun, \uff5e\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059, and \uff5e\u3093\u3067\u3059, even when the sentence ends politely.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-a5d845164eeba\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Does the dictionary form indicate present or future?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>It is a non-past form. It can express habit, current state, or future depending on the verb type and context. \u6bce\u65e5\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b describes a habit; \u660e\u65e5\u884c\u304f usually points to the future.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6e747724149b3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">How is the simple past negative formed?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Start from the negative in \u306a\u3044, remove the final \u3044 and add \u304b\u3063\u305f: \u66f8\u304b\u306a\u3044 becomes \u66f8\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f, \u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044 becomes \u98df\u3079\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f, \u3057\u306a\u3044 becomes \u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f and \u6765\u306a\u3044 becomes \u6765\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-3e06913bb8830\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Is every verb ending in iru or eru in Group 2?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>No. That ending is just a clue. Verbs like \u5e30\u308b, \u8d70\u308b, \u5207\u308b, and \u8981\u308b belong to Group 1 and form the negative with \u3089\u306a\u3044.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn the four simple forms of Japanese verbs, conjugate godan, ichidan, and irregular verbs, and understand when to use the simple style.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1752,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1751","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1751","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1751"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1751\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4420,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1751\/revisions\/4420"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1752"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1751"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1751"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1751"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}