{"id":2099,"date":"2009-11-03T06:27:29","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T08:27:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2099"},"modified":"2026-08-19T20:03:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T23:03:38","slug":"imperative-phrases-in-japanese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/frases-imperativas-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Imperative in Japanese: formation, uses, and alternatives"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>O <strong>imperative in Japanese<\/strong> is used to give orders, instructions, or warnings in a direct manner. The form called <span lang=\"ja\">\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62<\/span> (<em>meireikei<\/em>) can be useful in emergencies, sports, commands, and dramatic speech, but it often sounds strong in ordinary conversation. To ask for something more carefully, constructions like <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span> or <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p>In this guide, you will learn how to form imperative sentences in Japanese, distinguish the three verb groups, and choose between <span lang=\"ja\">\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u304f\u308c<\/span> and other alternatives. The main point is this: <strong>the conjugation depends on the verb group, and the choice of expression depends on the situation and the relationship between people<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Japanese imperative: quick summary<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Form<\/th><th>Example<\/th><th>Strength and general use<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u3051<\/span><\/td><td>Direct and strong order<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Dictionary form + <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304f\u306a<\/span><\/td><td>Direct prohibition: \u201cdon't go\u201d<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Stem of <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span> + <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>Instruction or reprimand with authority<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Form <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span> + <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u3063\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>Polite request or instruction<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Form <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3044\u3067<\/span> + <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>Polished request not to do something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Form <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span> + <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308c<\/span><\/td><td>Direct and informal request<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Do not treat these forms as perfect synonyms. They can all guide the listener's action, but they change the level of imposition, politeness, and closeness. If you do not yet master verb classification, review the <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/japanese-verb-groups\/\">Verb groups in Japanese<\/a> before memorizing the conjugation table.<\/p>\n\n<h2>How to form the imperative of group 1 verbs<\/h2>\n\n<p>In group 1 verbs, also called <strong>godan<\/strong>, the last mora of the dictionary form moves from the <em>u<\/em> line to the <em>and<\/em>. line. In practical terms, swap the ending according to the table:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Ending<\/th><th>Imperative<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3046<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3048<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3046 \u2192 \u8cb7\u3048<\/span> (<em>kau \u2192 kae<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u304f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3051<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304f \u2192 \u66f8\u3051<\/span> (<em>kaku \u2192 kake<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3050<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3052<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6cf3\u3050 \u2192 \u6cf3\u3052<\/span> (<em>oyogu \u2192 oyoge<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u305b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u3059 \u2192 \u8a71\u305b<\/span> (<em>hanasu \u2192 hanase<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3064<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f85\u3064 \u2192 \u5f85\u3066<\/span> (<em>matsu \u2192 mate<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306c<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306d<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b7b\u306c \u2192 \u6b7b\u306d<\/span> (<em>shinu \u2192 shine<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3076<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3079<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u904a\u3076 \u2192 \u904a\u3079<\/span> (<em>asobu \u2192 asobe<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3080<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3081<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3080 \u2192 \u8aad\u3081<\/span> (<em>yomu \u2192 yome<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u308c<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b \u2192 \u5e30\u308c<\/span> (<em>kaeru \u2192 kaere<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>The last line avoids a common mistake: <strong>not every verb ending in <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span> belongs to group 2<\/strong>. <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> (to return), <span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u308b<\/span> (to enter), and <span lang=\"ja\">\u8d70\u308b<\/span> (to run) are group 1 verbs; therefore, they become <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u308c<\/span> and <span lang=\"ja\">\u8d70\u308c<\/span>. The explanation about the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp\/modules\/ja\/gmod\/contents_m\/explanation\/039.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">three verb types from the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies<\/a> also warns that there are verbs in <em>-iru<\/em> and <em>-eru<\/em> in group 1.<\/p>\n\n<h2>How to form the imperative of group 2 verbs<\/h2>\n\n<p>In group 2 verbs, or <strong>ichidan<\/strong>, remove the <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span> final and add <span lang=\"ja\">\u308d<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u308d<\/span> (<em>taberu \u2192 tabero<\/em>) \u2014 eat;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308b \u2192 \u898b\u308d<\/span> (<em>miru \u2192 miro<\/em>) \u2014 look;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b \u2192 \u8d77\u304d\u308d<\/span> (<em>okiru \u2192 okiro<\/em>) \u2014 wake up;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6559\u3048\u308b \u2192 \u6559\u3048\u308d<\/span> (<em>oshieru \u2192 oshiero<\/em>) \u2014 teach or tell.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Some materials also record an ending in <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088<\/span>, like <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3088<\/span>, especially in written or literary styles. For modern communication, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308d<\/span> is the most useful form to recognize first. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gavo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp\/ojad\/search\/index\/textbook%3A13\/section%3A50\/order%3Aname\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">OJAD, from the University of Tokyo<\/a>, allows you to look up the imperative form of verbs by group.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Imperative of \u3059\u308b and \u6765\u308b<\/h2>\n\n<p>The two main irregular verbs have their own forms:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u308d<\/span> (<em>suru \u2192 shiro<\/em>) \u2014 do;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3044<\/span> (<em>kuru \u2192 koi<\/em>) \u2014 come.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u305b\u3088<\/span> is another form of <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> that appears in written language, formal instructions, exam questions, and fixed expressions. In everyday speech, you will probably encounter <span lang=\"ja\">\u3057\u308d<\/span> more often.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Examples of the direct imperative form<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u5371\u306a\u3044\uff01\u9003\u3052\u308d\uff01<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Abunai! Nigero!<\/em><br \/>\nDanger! Run!<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u30dc\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u898b\u308d\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>B\u014dru o miro.<\/em><br \/>\nLook at the ball.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b\u306b\u3057\u308d\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Shizuka ni shiro.<\/em><br \/>\nBe quiet.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3063\u3061\u3078\u6765\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kocchi e koi.<\/em><br \/>\nCome here.<\/p>\n\n<p>The Portuguese translations may seem normal out of context, but the Japanese sentences above are direct. Intonation, urgency, social role, and situation alter the interpretation.<\/p>\n\n<h2>How to form the negative imperative with \u306a<\/h2>\n\n<p>The direct prohibition is formed with <strong>the verb in dictionary form followed by <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span><\/strong>. The <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> comes after the verb:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b\u306a\u3002<\/span> (<em>Taberu na.<\/em>) \u2014 Don't eat.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304f\u306a\u3002<\/span> (<em>Iku na.<\/em>) \u2014 Don't go.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u306b\u5165\u308b\u306a\u3002<\/span> (<em>Koko ni hairu na.<\/em>) \u2014 Don't come in here.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">Don't worry.<\/span> (<em>Shinpai suru na.<\/em>) \u2014 Don't worry.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">Don't come.<\/span> (<em>Kuru na.<\/em>) \u2014 Don't come.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Don't confuse this construction with other uses of <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> at the end of a sentence. Here, the sequence <span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u306a<\/span> functions as a strong prohibition. To speak directly with someone more carefully, use <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>. To explain rules and things that are not allowed, refer to the guide on <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/how-to-allow-and-forbid-in-japanese\/\">how to ask for permission and prohibit in Japanese<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>When the imperative form is used<\/h2>\n\n<p>The direct imperative form is not simply \u201cwrong\u201d or \u201cforbidden\u201d in conversation. It is appropriate when the force of the command matches the situation. It can appear in:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>urgent warnings: <span lang=\"ja\">\u9003\u3052\u308d\uff01<\/span> \u2014 \u201cRun!\u201d;<\/li>\n<li>quick instructions in sports and team activities;<\/li>\n<li>institutional, military, or orders from someone with explicit authority;<\/li>\n<li>encouraging phrases, slogans, and rhetorical language;<\/li>\n<li>fictional dialogue and quotes of an order: <span lang=\"ja\">\u300c\u6765\u3044\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u305f<\/span> \u2014 \u201csaid \u2018come\u2019\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Among strangers, colleagues without intimacy, or in customer service, the same form can sound aggressive. Anime, manga, movies, and games are useful for recognizing the pattern, but dramatic dialogue should not be automatically copied into real conversation.<\/p>\n\n<p>There is also no safe division like \u201cthis form is for men\u201d or \u201cthat one is for women.\u201d Speech tendencies vary by era, region, character, group, and identity. To learn how to use the imperative, mainly observe <strong>register, hierarchy, intimacy, urgency, and intention<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Alternatives to the direct imperative<\/h2>\n\n<h3>V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044: polite request or instruction<\/h3>\n\n<p>Use <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/form-you-verbs-in-japanese\/\">\u3066-form<\/a> followed by <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span> to formulate a polite request or instruction:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">Please write your name here.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Koko ni namae o kaite kudasai.<\/em><br \/>\nPlease write your name here.<\/p>\n\n<p>THE <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00149\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation's explanation of V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/a> presents the construction as a polite way to give instructions or commands. \u201cPolite\u201d does not necessarily mean \u201coptional\u201d: in classrooms, forms, and procedures, it can be an instruction that the person is expected to follow.<\/p>\n\n<h3>V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044: ask not to do<\/h3>\n\n<p>To ask someone not to perform an action, use the negative form in <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3044<\/span>, add <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span> and get <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u3067\u5199\u771f\u3092\u64ae\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Koko de shashin o toranaide kudasai.<\/em><br \/>\nPlease do not take photos here.<\/p>\n\n<p>THE <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00136\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation explains V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/a> as an instruction not to do something and highlights the importance of the relationship between speaker and listener.<\/p>\n\n<h3>V\u306a\u3055\u3044: instruction, correction, or reprimand<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span> attaches to the stem of the <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/masu-form-of-japanese-verbs\/\">\u307e\u3059 form<\/a>. Remove <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span> and add <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u66f8\u304d\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span> \u2014 write;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span> \u2014 eat;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3057\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span> \u2014 do;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u6765\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span> \u2014 come.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>This form is common in instructions from parents or guardians to children, from teachers to students, and in other relationships where the speaker assumes authority or responsibility. It may sound less abrupt than <span lang=\"ja\">\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62<\/span>, but it is still a command and does not simply equate to \u201cplease.\u201d Its use is not determined by the speaker's gender.<\/p>\n\n<h3>V\u3066 and V\u3066\u304f\u308c: informal requests<\/h3>\n\n<p>Among close people, the form <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span> alone can work as a casual request:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u5f85\u3063\u3066\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Chotto matte.<\/em><br \/>\nWait a moment.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u308c<\/span> presents the action as something the listener will do for the speaker. It is informal, direct, and can sound harsh:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u624b\u7d19\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u304f\u308c\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kono tegami o yonde kure.<\/em><br \/>\nRead this letter for me.<\/p>\n\n<p>With someone of higher status or in a delicate request, prefer more careful interrogative constructions, such as <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3051\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/span>, rather than <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u308c<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>V\u305f\u307e\u3048: a marked form worth recognizing<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">V\u305f\u307e\u3048<\/span> is formed with the stem of <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u5ea7\u308a\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u5ea7\u308a\u305f\u307e\u3048<\/span>. Today, this form tends to sound marked, old-fashioned, authoritarian, or associated with certain characters and styles. It is useful for understanding fiction and texts, but should not be treated as a neutral alternative for everyday requests.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Compare the same action at different levels<\/h2>\n\n<p>See how \u201cread this book\u201d changes depending on the chosen form:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Sentence<\/th><th>Reading<\/th><th>Interpretation<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3081\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><em>Kono hon o yome.<\/em><\/td><td>Read this book. Direct order.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><em>Kono hon o yominasai.<\/em><\/td><td>Read this book. Instruction with authority.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><em>Kono hon o yonde kudasai.<\/em><\/td><td>Please read this book. Polite request or instruction.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><em>Kono hon o yonde.<\/em><\/td><td>Read this book. Casual request, dependent on intonation.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u304f\u308c\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><em>Kono hon o yonde kure.<\/em><\/td><td>Read this book for me. Direct and informal request.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>The best option doesn't come from grammar alone. Ask: who is speaking to whom, in what setting, with what urgency, and with what right to direct the action? This context analysis is part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/fundamental-japanese-grammar\/\">Basics of Japanese Grammar<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Common mistakes when forming imperative sentences<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Switching everything <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span> per <span lang=\"ja\">\u308d<\/span>:<\/strong> this works for group 2, but <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> is from group 1 and becomes <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Put <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> before the verb:<\/strong> the direct prohibition is <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b\u306a<\/span>, with <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> after the dictionary form.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Always translate <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span> as \u201cplease\u201d:<\/strong> the form expresses instruction or order and presupposes some authority.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Copying character lines without observing the context:<\/strong> a natural sentence in a conflict scene can be rude in everyday life.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confusing prohibition with negative request:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u308b\u306a<\/span> is strong; <span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span> formulates a polite request or instruction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Quick exercise<\/h2>\n\n<p>Transform or complete the sentences:<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Passe <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> to the direct imperative.<\/li>\n<li>Passe <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/span> to the direct imperative.<\/li>\n<li>Passe <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> to the direct imperative.<\/li>\n<li>Say \u201cDon't speak\u201d as a direct prohibition, using <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u3059<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Say \u201cPlease don't enter\u201d with <span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Which option would normally be more appropriate to ask a friend to wait: <span lang=\"ja\">\u5f85\u3066<\/span> or <span lang=\"ja\">\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u5f85\u3063\u3066<\/span>?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>Answers:<\/strong> 1. <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c<\/span>; 2. <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308d<\/span>; 3. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3057\u308d<\/span>; 4. <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u3059\u306a<\/span>; 5. <span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>; 6. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u5f85\u3063\u3066<\/span>, unless the situation justifies a strong order.<\/p>\n\n<h2>What to remember<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Group 1: change the ending of the line <em>u<\/em> line to the <em>and<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Group 2: remove <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span> and add <span lang=\"ja\">\u308d<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Irregular: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u308d<\/span> and <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3044<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Direct prohibition: dictionary form + <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span> expresses an instruction or reprimand with authority; it is not a form linked to a specific gender.<\/li>\n<li>For common requests, <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span> and, among close people, <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066<\/span> are usually more appropriate options.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Practice first with verbs whose classification you know. Then, compare the imperative form with the <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/japanese-informal-verbs-mode\/\">simple form of Japanese verbs<\/a> to recognize when the sentence is an order, a prohibition, or just a statement.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-808fcc2bc41b0\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">How to form the imperative in Japanese?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>It depends on the verb group. In group 1, the ending changes from the u row to the e row. In group 2, remove \u308b and add \u308d. The main irregulars are \u3059\u308b\u2192\u3057\u308d and \u6765\u308b\u2192\u6765\u3044.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-151382ecd572b\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">How does the imperative of group 1 verbs work?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Change the final ending for the e-line: \u66f8\u304f\u2192\u66f8\u3051, \u8aad\u3080\u2192\u8aad\u3081, \u5f85\u3064\u2192\u5f85\u3066 and \u5e30\u308b\u2192\u5e30\u308c. Group 1 verbs ending in \u308b do not follow the group 2 rule.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-a50ef6698531b\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">How does the imperative of group 2 verbs work?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Remove the final \u308b and add \u308d. For example, \u98df\u3079\u308b becomes \u98df\u3079\u308d, \u898b\u308b becomes \u898b\u308d, and \u8d77\u304d\u308b becomes \u8d77\u304d\u308d.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-c41560dba5688\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">What is the imperative of \u3059\u308b and \u6765\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3059\u308b becomes \u3057\u308d and \u6765\u308b becomes \u6765\u3044. The form \u305b\u3088 also exists for \u3059\u308b and appears mainly in written language, instructions, and formal expressions.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-16fc53faa3bf3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">How to say don't do it in Japanese?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>The direct prohibition uses the dictionary form followed by \u306a: \u98df\u3079\u308b\u306a is \u2018don't eat\u2019 and \u884c\u304f\u306a is \u2018don't go\u2019. For a polite request, use V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-8a89d6fbe1bcf\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">What is the difference between \u547d\u4ee4\u5f62 and V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62 produces a direct and strong order, like \u884c\u3051. V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044 formulates a polite request or instruction, like \u884c\u3063\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044, although it may still presuppose that the instruction will be followed.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-aa6ae30bba946\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Is the \u306a\u3055\u3044 form used only by women?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>No. The use of \u306a\u3055\u3044 depends on authority, responsibility, and context, not on the speaker's gender. It is common in instructions from guardians to children, teachers to students, and in reprimands.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-445a66c393fbe\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Can I use imperative phrases I hear in anime?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Use anime and fiction to recognize grammar, but don't automatically copy the speech. Appropriate commands in dramatic scenes can sound aggressive among strangers, colleagues, or in customer service.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn how to form and use the imperative in Japanese, including orders, prohibitions, \u306a\u3055\u3044, \u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044, and more appropriate alternatives for each context.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2100,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,73,60],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2099","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2099","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2099"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2099\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4445,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2099\/revisions\/4445"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2099"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2099"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2099"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}