{"id":2120,"date":"2009-11-04T06:24:41","date_gmt":"2009-11-04T08:24:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2120"},"modified":"2026-08-15T19:25:47","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T22:25:47","slug":"plans-and-intentions-with-tsumori","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/planos-e-intencoes-com-tsumori\/","title":{"rendered":"Tsumori (\u3064\u3082\u308a) in Japanese: plans, intention, and uses"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> (<em>tsumori<\/em>)<\/strong> is used to talk about an intention or a plan that the person already has in mind. The most common structure is <strong>verb in simple form + <span lang=\"ja\">tsumori desu<\/span><\/strong>: <span lang=\"ja\">I intend to work in Japan<\/span> means \u201cI intend to work in Japan.\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p>The form placed before <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> completely changes the interpretation. <span lang=\"ja\">I intend to go<\/span> expresses intention to go; <span lang=\"ja\">I intend not to go<\/span>, intention not to go; <span lang=\"ja\">I intended to go<\/span>, an intention that existed in the past. On the other hand, <span lang=\"ja\">I intended to go (but didn't)<\/span> does not mean \u201cI planned to go\u201d: it usually indicates that the person believes they went or considers the action as done.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Quick answer: how to use tsumori in Japanese?<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Structure<\/th><th>Main usage<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b + tsumori desu<\/span><\/td><td>I intend to do<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">I intend to study<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044 + tsumori desu<\/span><\/td><td>I intend not to do<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">I intend not to go<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b + tsumori deshita<\/span><\/td><td>I intended to do<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">I intended to buy<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u305f + \u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td>I believe I did \/ I act as if I did<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9001\u3063\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>The verb comes in the <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/japanese-informal-verbs-mode\/\">simple form, affirmative or negative<\/a>. The form is not placed <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span> directly before <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span>. Say <span lang=\"ja\">I intend to go<\/span>, and not <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>What does tsumori mean?<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> It is a formal noun that can represent intention, purpose, conviction, or the way a person understands a situation. In basic use with a non-past verb, it presents an intention that already existed before the moment of speaking.<\/p>\n\n<p>Therefore, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> it is not usually the best choice for a decision made at that exact moment. If someone asks \u201cAre you going too?\u201d and you decide on the spot, a response like <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u3082\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span> (\u201cI'm going too\u201d) is more natural. <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u3082\u884c\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span> suggests that you already had that intention.<\/p>\n\n<p>In grammar texts, the hiragana spelling <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> is the clearest and most common form. Avoid automatically replacing it with <span lang=\"ja\">\u7a4d\u3082\u308a<\/span>, especially in examples for beginners.<\/p>\n\n<h2>V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059: intention to do something<\/h2>\n\n<p>Use the dictionary form of the verb before <span lang=\"ja\">tsumori desu<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u5e74\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Rainen, Nihon e iku tsumori desu.<\/em><br \/>I intend to go to Japan next year.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5352\u696d\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u50cd\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Sotsugyou shitara, Nihon de hataraku tsumori desu.<\/em><br \/>When I graduate, I intend to work in Japan.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u9031\u672b\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30d1\u30bd\u30b3\u30f3\u3092\u8cb7\u3046\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Konshuumatsu, atarashii pasokon o kau tsumori desu.<\/em><br \/>I intend to buy a new computer this weekend.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> makes the sentence polite. In casual conversation, one uses <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3060<\/span> or, when the context is already clear, just <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span>. To review the difference between these endings, see <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/desu-the-verb-to-be-in-japanese\/\"><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> In japanese<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>V\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059: intention not to do<\/h2>\n\n<p>The basic negation goes on the verb:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u304a\u9152\u3092\u98f2\u307e\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kyou wa osake o nomanai tsumori desu.<\/em><br \/>I intend not to drink alcohol today.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3057\u3070\u3089\u304f\u56fd\u306b\u5e30\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Shibaraku kuni ni kaeranai tsumori desu.<\/em><br \/>I don't intend to go back to my country for a while.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>There is also <span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span>, literally \u201cI have no intention of doing\u201d. This construction tends to deny the intention more strongly:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u8f9e\u3081\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Sono shigoto o yameru tsumori wa arimasen.<\/em><br \/>I have no intention of quitting that job.<\/p>\n\n<p>Compare the nuance: <span lang=\"ja\">I intend not to go<\/span> presents the plan of not going; <span lang=\"ja\">I do not intend to go<\/span> clearly rejects the possibility or intention of going.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>How to put tsumori in the past?<\/h2>\n\n<p>To say that the intention existed in the past, keep the verb in the non-past form and put <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> in the past:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b + tsumori deshita<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">Yesterday I intended to go to bed early.<\/span><br \/><em>Kinou wa hayaku neru tsumori deshita.<\/em><br \/>Yesterday I intended to go to bed early.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">I intended to buy that book, but it was sold out.<\/span><br \/><em>Sono hon o kau tsumori deshita ga, urikirete imashita.<\/em><br \/>I intended to buy that book, but it was sold out.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>The structure speaks of the prior intention; it does not state that the action happened. In the first sentence, the person may have gone to bed late. In the second, we know from the context that the purchase did not occur.<\/p>\n\n<h2>V\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a is not the past of an intention<\/h2>\n\n<p>This is the point that causes the most confusion. When the verb is in the <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f<\/span> before <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span>, form, the meaning is usually \u201cbelieve you did\u201d, \u201cconsider that you did\u201d or \u201cact as if you had done\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">I thought I had sent the email, but it remained in the drafts.<\/span><br \/><em>Meeru o okutta tsumori deshita ga, shitagaki ni nokotte imashita.<\/em><br \/>I thought I had sent the email, but it remained in the drafts.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">I believed I had explained, but it seems the message was not understood.<\/span><br \/><em>Setsumei shita tsumori desu ga, tsutawatte inakatta you desu.<\/em><br \/>I believed I had explained, but it seems the message was not understood.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>In both examples, there is a difference between the speaker's perception and the observed result. Therefore:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>: I intended to explain.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>: I believed I had explained.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">V\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067<\/span> can also mean \u201cas if I had done\u201d:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u65c5\u884c\u3057\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u304a\u91d1\u3092\u8caf\u91d1\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Ryokou shita tsumori de, sono okane o chokin shimasu.<\/em><br \/>I'll save that money as if I had taken the trip.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Tsumori, tai e yotei: what's the difference?<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Expression<\/th><th>Central idea<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>desire to do<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span><\/td><td>intention or personal plan already considered<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u4e88\u5b9a<\/span><\/td><td>more objective schedule or forecast<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u4e88\u5b9a\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>THE <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/verbs-in-japanese-in-tai-form\/\">form <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/a> says what you want to do, even when there isn't a concrete plan yet. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> communicates intention. <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e88\u5b9a<\/span> presents something as a schedule or commitment, which may even have been set by someone else.<\/p>\n\n<p>Compare:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 I want to study in Japan.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u5e74\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 I intend to study in Japan next year.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6388\u696d\u306f\u56db\u6708\u306b\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u4e88\u5b9a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Classes are scheduled to start in April.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Is it possible to use tsumori to talk about another person?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Yes, when their intention is known. For example:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u6765\u5e74\u4f1a\u793e\u3092\u8f9e\u3081\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Tanaka-san wa rainen kaisha o yameru tsumori desu.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka intends to leave the company next year.<\/p>\n\n<p>Since we don't have direct access to another person's thoughts, many situations call for a source or a marker of uncertainty:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u4f1a\u793e\u3092\u8f9e\u3081\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3060\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>Tanaka says he intends to leave the company.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u4f1a\u793e\u3092\u8f9e\u3081\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u306e\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>It seems Tanaka intends to leave the company.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>The choice depends on how you obtained the information. This care also helps <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/how-to-form-sentence-in-japanese\/\">form more natural sentences in Japanese<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Other uses: N\u306e\u3064\u3082\u308a and \u306a-adjective + \u3064\u3082\u308a<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> doesn't only appear after verbs. With nouns, use <span lang=\"ja\">N\u306e\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span>; with \u306a-adjectives, <span lang=\"ja\">A\u306a\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span>. In these cases, the idea is often \u201cas\u201d, \u201cwith the conviction of\u201d, or \u201cthinking that\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u65c5\u884c\u306e\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u6e96\u5099\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Ryokou no tsumori de junbi shite imashita.<\/em><br \/>I was preparing thinking it would be a trip.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u610f\u5916\u306b\u96e3\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kantan na tsumori deshita ga, igai ni muzukashikatta desu.<\/em><br \/>I thought it would be simple, but it was surprisingly difficult.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>For beginners, it's better to master first <span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> and <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span>. The other uses become clearer after the basic structure is already automatic.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Common mistakes with tsumori<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Put <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span> before <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span>.<\/strong> Use <span lang=\"ja\">I intend to go<\/span>, not <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span>. Politeness appears at the end; see also <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/masu-form-of-japanese-verbs\/\">form <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>To use <span lang=\"ja\">V\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> as a simple past of intention.<\/strong> \u201cIntended to do\u201d is <span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confusing intention not to do with action not taken.<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">I intend not to go<\/span> is a plan; <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span> reports that the person didn't go.<\/li>\n<li><strong>To use <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> for a desire without a plan.<\/strong> When there is only desire, <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span> is usually more appropriate.<\/li>\n<li><strong>To use <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> for an instant decision.<\/strong> The expression usually indicates an already formed intention.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Assuming the thoughts of others.<\/strong> When necessary, add <span lang=\"ja\">\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059<\/span> or another indication of the source.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<h2>Mini dialogue<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u590f\u4f11\u307f\u306f\u4f55\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Natsuyasumi wa nani o suru tsumori desu ka.<\/em><br \/>What do you intend to do during summer vacation?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">I intend to go to Hokkaido. But I haven't booked a hotel yet.<\/span><br \/><em>Hokkaidou e iku tsumori desu. Demo, mada hoteru o yoyaku shite imasen.<\/em><br \/>I intend to go to Hokkaido. But I haven't booked the hotel yet.<\/p>\n\n<p>The answer communicates an already formed intention, but the second statement shows that the planning is not yet complete. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> does not guarantee that the action will happen.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Quick exercise<\/h2>\n\n<p>Complete with the appropriate form:<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>I intend to study Japanese every day.<\/li>\n<li>I don't intend to buy a car this year.<\/li>\n<li>I intended to call yesterday, but I forgot.<\/li>\n<li>I thought I had closed the door.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>Answers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6bce\u65e5\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u5e74\u306f\u8eca\u3092\u8cb7\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6628\u65e5\u3001\u96fb\u8a71\u3059\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5fd8\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u9589\u3081\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>Keep this distinction in mind: <strong><span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> = intention to do<\/strong>, <strong><span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> = intention not to do<\/strong>, <strong><span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span> = past intention<\/strong> and <strong><span lang=\"ja\">V\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> = conviction of having done or \u201cas if one had done\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Common questions<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-bda89b31f1ad2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">What does tsumori mean in Japanese?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3064\u3082\u308a indicates an intention, a plan already considered or, in other patterns, the person's conviction about an action. V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059 usually means \u2018I intend to do\u2019.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d4d1d6e33eb91\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Which form of the verb comes before tsumori?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>The verb comes in the simple form. Use the dictionary form for affirmative intention, like \u884c\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059, and the \u306a\u3044 form for negative intention, like \u884c\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d4fbbb1c372f1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Can I use the masu form before tsumori?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>No. Say \u884c\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059, not \u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059. The plain form comes before \u3064\u3082\u308a, while \u3067\u3059 makes the end of the sentence polite.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-c2ccda15d119d\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">How to say you don't intend to do something?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Use V\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059 to express the intention of not doing something. V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093 is also possible and usually denies the intention more strongly.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-bacf266d80c5c\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">How to put tsumori in the past?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>For an intention that existed in the past, use V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f or V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3060\u3063\u305f. For example, \u8cb7\u3046\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f means \u2018I intended to buy\u2019.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-2b41c7b2587fb\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">What does V\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a mean?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>V\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a generally indicates that the person believes they have done something or acts as if they had done it. \u9001\u3063\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f means \u2018I thought I had sent it\u2019, not \u2018I intended to send it\u2019.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-ec97697ef8218\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">What is the difference between tsumori, tai, and yotei?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>V\u305f\u3044 expresses desire; V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a presents a personal intention or plan; V\u308b\u4e88\u5b9a presents a more objective schedule or forecast.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-eca870e953690\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Can Tsumori talk about someone else's plan?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Yes, when the intention is known. If the information is not direct, indicate the source or uncertainty with forms like \u3064\u3082\u308a\u3060\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 or \u3064\u3082\u308a\u306e\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Sources for further study<\/h2>\n\n<p>The distinction between intention, conviction, past, and negation was confirmed in the Japan Foundation articles on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpf.go.jp\/j\/project\/japanese\/teach\/tsushin\/grammar\/201212.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span>, part 1<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpf.go.jp\/j\/project\/japanese\/teach\/tsushin\/grammar\/201303.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span>, part 2<\/a>. The contrast between <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> and <span lang=\"ja\">\uff08\u3088\uff09\u3046\u3068\u601d\u3046<\/span> was reviewed in the material <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary02\/pdf\/Z_L18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori \u2014 plans and hopes for the future<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn how to use tsumori (\u3064\u3082\u308a) in Japanese to express intention, negate a plan, and differentiate V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f from V\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2121,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2120","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2120","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2120"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2120\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4436,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2120\/revisions\/4436"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2121"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2120"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2120"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2120"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}