{"id":2172,"date":"2010-04-29T09:00:09","date_gmt":"2010-04-29T12:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2172"},"modified":"2026-08-16T00:20:05","modified_gmt":"2026-08-16T03:20:05","slug":"japanese-transitive-and-intransitive-verb-list","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/lista-verbos-transitivos-e-intransitivos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Transitive and intransitive verbs in Japanese: list and examples"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Transitive and intransitive verbs in Japanese describe the same situation from different perspectives.<\/strong> The transitive verb shows someone acting on an object, usually in the pattern <strong>person \u304c + object \u3092 + verb<\/strong>. The intransitive presents something that happens or changes state, generally as <strong>element \u304c + verb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Compare: <strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> means \u201cthe door opened,\u201d while <strong>\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> means \u201cTanaka opened the door.\u201d In the first case, the focus is on the event; in the second, on a person's action on the door.<\/p>\n\n<p>The difference is not equivalent to the passive voice. There is also no foolproof ending that reveals all pairs. The safest method is to learn each verb with its particle, its meaning, and a short sentence. If you are still organizing your foundation, review the <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/japanese-verb-groups\/\">Verb groups in Japanese<\/a> and the guide to the <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/basic-particle-in-japanese\/\">particles \u306f, \u304c, \u3092, \u306b, and \u3067<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>What are transitive and intransitive verbs in Japanese?<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u305f\u3069\u3046\u3057, tad\u014dshi\uff09<\/strong> is the transitive verb. It expresses an action directed at an object: someone opens something, turns on something, or decides something. This direct object is usually marked by <strong>\u3092<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u3058\u3069\u3046\u3057, jid\u014dshi\uff09<\/strong> is the intransitive verb. It describes an event, a change, or a state without a direct object: something opens, turns on, falls, or becomes decided. The element that undergoes this situation is usually marked by <strong>\u304c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Type<\/th><th>Basic pattern<\/th><th>Example<\/th><th>Translation<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Intransitive<\/td><td>N \u304c + verb<\/td><td>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/td><td>The door opens.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Transitive<\/td><td>Person \u304c + N \u3092 + verb<\/td><td>\u5e97\u54e1\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/td><td>The clerk opens the door.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>The material <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori, by the Japan Foundation<\/a>, resume this opposition as <strong>N \u304c V<\/strong> for intransitives and <strong>(pessoa \u304c) N \u3092 V<\/strong> for transitives. This formula is an excellent starting point, but it should not be applied mechanically.<\/p>\n\n<h2>How to recognize each type without memorizing a passive translation<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ask two questions. First: is there someone or something acting on an object? If so, the verb tends to be transitive. Second: does the sentence simply present something happening or changing state? In that case, the verb tends to be intransitive.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7a93\u304c\u9589\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u307e\u3069 \u304c \u3057\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Mado ga shimari mashita.<\/em><br \/>The window closed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5c71\u7530\u3055\u3093\u304c\u7a93\u3092\u9589\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3084\u307e\u3060\u3055\u3093 \u304c \u307e\u3069 \u3092 \u3057\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Yamada-san ga mado o shime mashita.<\/em><br \/>Yamada closed the window.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Do not automatically translate the intransitive with \u201cbe + past participle.\u201d. <strong>\u7a93\u304c\u9589\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> is not a passive construction: the sentence simply informs that the window closed. The Japanese passive would require another verb form and would change the structure.<\/p>\n\n<p>It is also important to remember that not every <strong>\u3092<\/strong> marks a direct object. In <strong>\u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u3092\u51fa\u307e\u3059<\/strong> (\u201cleave the hotel\u201d) and <strong>\u9053\u3092\u6b69\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/strong> (\u201cwalk along the street\u201d), \u3092 indicates point of departure or route. The verb remains intransitive. This caution appears in the <a href=\"https:\/\/md.jpf.go.jp\/userfiles\/file\/2018\/Lengua%20Japonesa\/Gramatica\/A2-B1-JP_rev.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A2\u2013B1 grammar material from Japan Foundation Madrid<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>List of transitive and intransitive verbs in Japanese<\/h2>\n\n<p>The table brings together frequent and useful pairs. It does not intend to list all the verbs of the language. Memorize each line as two possible sentences, noting <strong>\u304c<\/strong> with the intransitive and <strong>\u3092<\/strong> with the transitive.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Intransitive<\/th><th>Meaning<\/th><th>Transitive<\/th><th>Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u958b\u304f\uff08\u3042\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>to open; to be open<\/td><td>\u958b\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to open something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u9589\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3057\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to close; to be closed<\/td><td>\u9589\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3057\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to close something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3064\u304f<\/td><td>to turn on; to be on<\/td><td>\u3064\u3051\u308b<\/td><td>to turn on or switch on something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6d88\u3048\u308b\uff08\u304d\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to go out; to disappear<\/td><td>\u6d88\u3059\uff08\u3051\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>to turn off or switch off something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5165\u308b\uff08\u306f\u3044\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to enter; to be contained<\/td><td>\u5165\u308c\u308b\uff08\u3044\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to put in; to insert<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u51fa\u308b\uff08\u3067\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to leave; to appear<\/td><td>\u51fa\u3059\uff08\u3060\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>p\u00f4r para fora; enviar<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u59cb\u307e\u308b\uff08\u306f\u3058\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to start<\/td><td>\u59cb\u3081\u308b\uff08\u306f\u3058\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>come\u00e7ar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u7d42\u308f\u308b\uff08\u304a\u308f\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>terminar<\/td><td>\u7d42\u3048\u308b\uff08\u304a\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>concluir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6b62\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3068\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to stop<\/td><td>\u6b62\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3068\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>parar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u52d5\u304f\uff08\u3046\u3054\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>mover-se; funcionar<\/td><td>\u52d5\u304b\u3059\uff08\u3046\u3054\u304b\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>mover ou operar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5909\u308f\u308b\uff08\u304b\u308f\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>mudar<\/td><td>\u5909\u3048\u308b\uff08\u304b\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>mudar ou alterar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6c7a\u307e\u308b\uff08\u304d\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>ficar decidido<\/td><td>\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\uff08\u304d\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>decidir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u7d9a\u304f\uff08\u3064\u3065\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>Continue<\/td><td>\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3064\u3065\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>continue something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u96c6\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3064\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>gather; come together<\/td><td>\u96c6\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3064\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>collect; gather something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u898b\u3064\u304b\u308b\uff08\u307f\u3064\u304b\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>be found; appear<\/td><td>\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\uff08\u307f\u3064\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>find something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u58ca\u308c\u308b\uff08\u3053\u308f\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>break; stop working<\/td><td>\u58ca\u3059\uff08\u3053\u308f\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>break something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5272\u308c\u308b\uff08\u308f\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>break; crack<\/td><td>\u5272\u308b\uff08\u308f\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>break or divide something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6298\u308c\u308b\uff08\u304a\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>break; bend<\/td><td>\u6298\u308b\uff08\u304a\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>break or bend something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u843d\u3061\u308b\uff08\u304a\u3061\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>fall<\/td><td>\u843d\u3068\u3059\uff08\u304a\u3068\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>to knock down; to drop<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5c4a\u304f\uff08\u3068\u3069\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>to arrive at the destination<\/td><td>\u5c4a\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3068\u3069\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to deliver something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u76f4\u308b\uff08\u306a\u304a\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to be fixed; to return to normal<\/td><td>\u76f4\u3059\uff08\u306a\u304a\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>to fix or correct something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5897\u3048\u308b\uff08\u3075\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to increase in quantity<\/td><td>\u5897\u3084\u3059\uff08\u3075\u3084\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>to increase something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6e1b\u308b\uff08\u3078\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to decrease in quantity<\/td><td>\u6e1b\u3089\u3059\uff08\u3078\u3089\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>to reduce something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u4e0a\u304c\u308b\uff08\u3042\u304c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to rise; to increase<\/td><td>\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3052\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to raise; to increase something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u4e0b\u304c\u308b\uff08\u3055\u304c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to go down; to decrease<\/td><td>\u4e0b\u3052\u308b\uff08\u3055\u3052\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to lower; to decrease something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u51b7\u3048\u308b\uff08\u3072\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to get cold; to become cold<\/td><td>\u51b7\u3084\u3059\uff08\u3072\u3084\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>to cool something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6e29\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3042\u305f\u305f\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to warm up; to become warm<\/td><td>\u6e29\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3042\u305f\u305f\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to warm something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6c5a\u308c\u308b\uff08\u3088\u3054\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to get dirty; to become dirty<\/td><td>\u6c5a\u3059\uff08\u3088\u3054\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>to dirty something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u8d77\u304d\u308b\uff08\u304a\u304d\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to wake up; to get up<\/td><td>\u8d77\u3053\u3059\uff08\u304a\u3053\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>to wake someone up; to cause something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u80b2\u3064\uff08\u305d\u3060\u3064\uff09<\/td><td>to grow; to develop<\/td><td>\u80b2\u3066\u308b\uff08\u305d\u3060\u3066\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to raise; to cultivate; to develop something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u713c\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3084\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>to be baked; to be grilled until done<\/td><td>\u713c\u304f\uff08\u3084\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>to bake or grill something<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u716e\u3048\u308b\uff08\u306b\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>cook until done<\/td><td>\u716e\u308b\uff08\u306b\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>cook something in liquid<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>THE <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpf.go.jp\/j\/project\/japanese\/teach\/tsushin\/language\/202412.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">linguistic analysis by the Japan Foundation on \u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e and \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e<\/a> shows that there are various formation patterns and also exceptions. Instead of looking for a single rule, learn the verb within a complete structure.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Examples showing the change in perspective<\/h2>\n\n<h3>The door opened or someone opened the door<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u30c9\u30a2 \u304c \u3042\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Doa ga aki mashita.<\/em><br \/>The door opened.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u305f\u306a\u304b\u3055\u3093 \u304c \u30c9\u30a2 \u3092 \u3042\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Tanaka-san ga doa o ake mashita.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka opened the door.<\/p>\n\n<h3>The meeting started or someone started the meeting<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u5341\u6642\u306b\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304b\u3044\u304e \u304c \u3058\u3085\u3046\u3058 \u306b \u306f\u3058\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Kaigi ga j\u016bji ni hajimari masu.<\/em><br \/>The meeting starts at ten o'clock.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u90e8\u9577\u304c\u4f1a\u8b70\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3076\u3061\u3087\u3046 \u304c \u304b\u3044\u304e \u3092 \u306f\u3058\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Buch\u014d ga kaigi o hajime masu.<\/em><br \/>The manager starts the meeting.<\/p>\n\n<h3>The amount increased or someone increased the amount<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u5897\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304c\u304f\u305b\u3044 \u304c \u3075\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Gakusei ga fue mashita.<\/em><br \/>The number of students increased.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u5b66\u6821\u304c\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u6570\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304c\u3063\u3053\u3046 \u304c \u30af\u30e9\u30b9 \u306e \u304b\u305a \u3092 \u3075\u3084\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Gakk\u014d ga kurasu no kazu o fuyashi mashita.<\/em><br \/>The school increased the number of classes.<\/p>\n\n<p>Note that Portuguese sometimes uses the same verb in both sentences. In Japanese, the choice of the pair makes explicit whether the speaker presents the event or someone's action on something. This distinction helps to <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/how-to-form-sentence-in-japanese\/\">form sentences in Japanese<\/a> more precisely.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Intransitive verbs with \u3066\u3044\u308b and transitive verbs with \u3066\u3042\u308b<\/h2>\n\n<p>The pairs also appear when describing states. With an intransitive in the <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/form-you-verbs-in-japanese\/\">\u3066-form<\/a> followed by <strong>\u3044\u308b<\/strong>, the sentence presents the observed state. With a transitive followed by <strong>\u3042\u308b<\/strong>, it can highlight that the state results from an intentional action.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>The door is open. The state is presented without indicating who opened it.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3051\u3066\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>The door has been left open. There is the idea that someone opened it for a purpose.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>The contrast between <strong>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3044\u308b<\/strong> and <strong>\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3042\u308b<\/strong> is explained in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary02\/pdf\/Z_L13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori Elementary 2, lesson 13<\/a>. Do not confuse this use of \u3066\u3042\u308b with an automatic passive translation.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Not every similar pair is a transitive\u2013intransitive pair<\/h2>\n\n<p>Some common associations generate errors. <strong>\u5206\u304b\u308b<\/strong> (\u201cto understand\u201d) and <strong>\u5206\u304b\u308c\u308b<\/strong> (\u201cto divide; to separate\u201d) do not form a pair with the same meaning. <strong>\u898b\u308b<\/strong> (\u201cto see; to look\u201d) and <strong>\u898b\u3048\u308b<\/strong> (\u201cto be visible; to see naturally\u201d) should also not be treated merely as \u201cto see\u201d and \u201cto be seen.\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p>The same caution applies to <strong>\u805e\u304f<\/strong> and <strong>\u805e\u3053\u3048\u308b<\/strong>. The first can mean to listen deliberately or to ask; the second indicates that something is audible. Meanwhile, <strong>\u58f2\u308c\u308b<\/strong> can mean \u201cto sell well\u201d or \u201cto be sellable,\u201d and does not simply correspond to the passive of <strong>\u58f2\u308b<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>There are also verbs without a regular partner. <strong>\u8d70\u308b<\/strong> (\u201cto run\u201d) is intransitive; <strong>\u8d70\u3089\u305b\u308b<\/strong> is its causative form, \u201cto make run,\u201d not a transitive verb paired by the same process as the pairs in the table. If you need to review this difference, also consult the <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/potential-form-of-japanese-verbs\/\">potential form of verbs<\/a>, which should not be confused with intransitivity.<\/p>\n\n<h2>How to memorize the pairs more reliably<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Learn the particle along with it.<\/strong> Record \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304f and \u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u308b, not just \u958b\u304f and \u958b\u3051\u308b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use a scene for both verbs.<\/strong> Imagine the light turning on and then someone turning on the light: \u96fb\u6c17\u304c\u3064\u304f \/ \u96fb\u6c17\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Compare short sentences.<\/strong> The opposition becomes clearer when subject, object, and particle appear.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Avoid absolute ending rules.<\/strong> They work as clues, but they have exceptions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Check the dictionary.<\/strong> Look for the indications \u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e and \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e and check the structure of the example.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>This method fits into the study of <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/fundamental-japanese-grammar\/\">Japanese grammar for beginners<\/a>: first recognize the relationship between words and then expand your vocabulary.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Exercises<\/h2>\n\n<p>Choose the verb that completes each sentence.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\uff08\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u958b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u79c1\u304c\u7a93\u3092\uff08\u9589\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u9589\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u96fb\u6c17\u304c\uff08\u3064\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u3064\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u59b9\u304c\u90e8\u5c4b\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u3092\uff08\u6d88\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u6d88\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u5341\u6642\u306b\uff08\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059 \/ \u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5148\u751f\u304c\u6388\u696d\u3092\uff08\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059 \/ \u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>See explained answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: \u30c9\u30a2 is the element that opened and receives \u304c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9589\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: \u79c1 acts on \u7a93, marked by \u3092.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3064\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: the light turned on; there is no direct object.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6d88\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: the sister turned off the light, which receives \u3092.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/strong>: the meeting is presented as the event that begins.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059<\/strong>: the teacher starts the class, marked by \u3092.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<h2>Summary<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e<\/strong> describes something happening or changing state, usually in N \u304c V.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e<\/strong> describes someone acting on an object, usually in person \u304c + N \u3092 V.<\/li>\n<li>Intransitive is not synonymous with passive.<\/li>\n<li>The use of \u3092 alone is not enough to classify the verb.<\/li>\n<li>The pairs should be learned with particle, meaning, and example.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>After mastering this opposition, you will more easily perceive why Japanese chooses different verbs for \u201csomething changed\u201d and \u201csomeone changed something.\u201d Keep practicing with the <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/japanese-informal-verbs-mode\/\">verbs in the simple form<\/a> and turn each pair in the table into two sentences of your own.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-0592b58decb6c\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">What is an intransitive verb in Japanese?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>It is a verb that presents an event, state, or change without a direct object. In basic sentences, the element undergoing the situation is usually marked by \u304c, as in \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3059, \u201cthe door opens.\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-7f9c8b70d615c\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">What is a transitive verb in Japanese?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>It is a verb that expresses the action of someone or something on an object. The direct object usually takes \u3092, as in \u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3059, \u201cTanaka opens the door\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6c50d8a0f4fd8\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Is an intransitive verb the same as passive voice?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>No. An intransitive describes something happening or changing state without a direct object. The passive voice is its own conjugation and establishes a different relationship between the participants of the sentence.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-5a45d8d03e1f0\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Is every verb followed by \u3092 transitive?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>No. \u3092 can also mark a route or point of departure, as in \u9053\u3092\u6b69\u304d\u307e\u3059, \u201cwalk along the street\u201d, and \u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u3092\u51fa\u307e\u3059, \u201cleave the hotel\u201d. In these cases, the verbs are intransitive.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d34238cea2e12\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">How to memorize transitive and intransitive pairs?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Learn each verb within a short sentence, along with its particle: \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304f for \u201cthe door opens\u201d and \u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u308b for \u201copen the door.\u201d Comparing the two perspectives is safer than memorizing only translations.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-36418fc0e63a4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">What is the difference between \u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3044\u308b and \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3042\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3044\u308b usually presents an observed state, like \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059. \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3042\u308b can indicate that the state results from an intentional action, like \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3051\u3066\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Understand the difference between transitive and intransitive verbs in Japanese, see pairs with \u304c and \u3092, examples, exercises, and common mistakes.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":2174,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,73,60],"tags":[71,2,3],"class_list":["post-2172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2172"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4442,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2172\/revisions\/4442"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}