{"id":2089,"date":"2009-11-03T06:17:47","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T08:17:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2089"},"modified":"2026-08-21T20:19:44","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T23:19:44","slug":"expresiones-verbales-en-japones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/es\/expressoes-verbais-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Expresiones verbales en japon\u00e9s: 3 patrones esenciales"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Las <strong>expresiones verbales en japones<\/strong> combinan verbos, part\u00edculas, adjetivos u otros verbos para comunicar ideas como \u201cquedarse\u201d, \u201cir a hacer algo\u201d y \u201chacer algo por alguien\u201d. En lugar de memorizar cada frase de forma aislada, puedes aprender el patr\u00f3n, entender la perspectiva y crear ejemplos propios.<\/p>\n\n<p>En esta gu\u00eda, estudiaremos tres estructuras frecuentes: <span lang=\"ja\">A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b + \u306a\u308b<\/span> para cambios, <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b<\/span> para la finalidad de un desplazamiento y <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff0f\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> para dar, recibir y presentar acciones desde diferentes puntos de vista.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Resumen de los tres patrones<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Idea<\/th><th>Patr\u00f3n<\/th><th>Ejemplo<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Cambio de estado<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b + \u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> \u2014 quedarse fr\u00edo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Finalidad de movimiento<\/td><td>ra\u00edz de <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059 + \u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 ir a comprar un libro<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Dar o recibir algo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff0f\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> \u2014 recibir un libro<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Acci\u00f3n en beneficio de alguien<\/td><td>molde <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066 + \u3042\u3052\u308b\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff0f\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> \u2014 recibir la ayuda de alguien que ense\u00f1a<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Aprovechar\u00e1s mejor el art\u00edculo si ya reconoces los <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/es\/grupos-de-verbos-japoneses\/\">grupos de verbos en japon\u00e9s<\/a> y el <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/es\/forma-masu-de-los-verbos-japoneses\/\">forma \u307e\u3059<\/a>. Los ejemplos incluyen la forma simple y la cort\u00e9s para mostrar que el patr\u00f3n sigue siendo el mismo cuando cambia el registro.<\/p>\n\n<h2>1. C\u00f3mo usar \u306a\u308b para decir volverse o convertirse<\/h2>\n\n<p>El verbo <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>naruto<\/em>) presenta un cambio y el estado resultante. Dependiendo del contexto, puede traducirse como \u201cvolverse\u201d, \u201cconvertirse\u201d, \u201cponerse\u201d o \u201cpasar a ser\u201d. La palabra que describe el nuevo estado cambia de forma antes de <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Tipo<\/th><th>Formaci\u00f3n<\/th><th>Ejemplo<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Adjetivo <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>retire <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044<\/span> y a\u00f1ada <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5bd2\u3044 \u2192 \u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Adjetivo <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span><\/td><td>a\u00f1ada <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> al radical<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b \u2192 \u9759\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Sustantivo<\/td><td>a\u00f1ada <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5148\u751f \u2192 \u5148\u751f\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>LOS <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00126\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation explica A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/a> como un patr\u00f3n que presenta el estado resultante de un cambio. Esta l\u00f3gica es m\u00e1s \u00fatil que intentar asociar <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span> a una \u00fanica traducci\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Adjetivos \u3044 + \u304f\u306a\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Retire el <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044<\/span> final y a\u00f1ade <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5bd2\u3044 \u2192 \u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>samui \u2192 samuku naru<\/em>) \u2014 volverse fr\u00edo;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u96e3\u3057\u3044 \u2192 \u96e3\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>muzukashii \u2192 muzukashiku naru<\/em>) \u2014 volverse dif\u00edcil;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u65b0\u3057\u3044 \u2192 \u65b0\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>atarashii \u2192 atarashiku naru<\/em>) \u2014 volverse nuevo, ser renovado.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3044 \u3044<\/span> \u00e9 uma exce\u00e7\u00e3o importante: use <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>, \u201cmelhorar\u201d ou \u201cficar bom\u201d, porque as flex\u00f5es partem de <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088\u3044<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u5929\u6c17\u304c\u6696\u304b\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tenki ga atatakaku narimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nO tempo ficou mais quente.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Adjetivos \u306a e substantivos + \u306b\u306a\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Com adjetivos <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span>, n\u00e3o coloque o <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> antes de <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span>. Use o radical seguido de <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>shizuka ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 ficar silencioso;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5143\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>genki ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 ficar bem, recuperar-se;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6709\u540d\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>y\u016bmei ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 tornar-se famoso.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Os substantivos usam a mesma liga\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5148\u751f\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>sensei ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 tornar-se professor;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6625\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>haru ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 chegar a primavera, tornar-se primavera;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4e09\u5e74\u751f\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>sannensei ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 passar para o terceiro ano.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Se voc\u00ea ainda confunde as duas classes de adjetivos, revise como <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/es\/tipos-de-adjetivos-en-japones\/\">distinguir adjetivos \u3044 e \u306a<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o b\u00e1sica de \u306a\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Valor<\/th><th>Forma simple<\/th><th>Forma cort\u00e9s<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>No pasado afirmativo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>No pasado negativo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a \u3089 \u306a \u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a \u308a \u307e \u305b \u3093<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Pasado afirmativo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>pasado negativo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Essas linhas n\u00e3o representam \u201cquatro tempos verbais\u201d. Elas combinam n\u00e3o passado ou passado, afirma\u00e7\u00e3o ou nega\u00e7\u00e3o e registro simples ou polido.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u306a\u308b e \u3059\u308b: mudan\u00e7a ou a\u00e7\u00e3o deliberada<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span> apresenta a mudan\u00e7a do sujeito. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> pode apresentar algu\u00e9m produzindo essa mudan\u00e7a:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u90e8\u5c4b\u304c\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Heya ga kirei ni narimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nO quarto ficou limpo.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u90e8\u5c4b\u3092\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Heya o kirei ni shimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nDeixei o quarto limpo.<\/p>\n\n<p>N\u00e3o transforme mecanicamente todo verbo em <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> trocando <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> por <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>. <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>, por exemplo, \u00e9 uma express\u00e3o que significa que algo \u201cserve de aprendizado\u201d ou \u201c\u00e9 instrutivo\u201d: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u8a71\u306f\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span> \u2014 \u201cEssa conversa foi muito instrutiva\u201d. Ela n\u00e3o significa simplesmente \u201ctornar-se estudado\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2>2. Como dizer ir ou vir fazer algo<\/h2>\n\n<p>Para explicar a finalidade de um deslocamento, use o radical da forma <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e \u3059<\/span>, acrescente a part\u00edcula <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> e termine com um verbo de movimento:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>destino + <span lang=\"ja\">\u3078\uff0f\u306b<\/span> + objeto + <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> + radical de <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059 + \u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b\uff0f\u5e30\u308b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>LOS <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00046\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation descreve \u306b de finalidade<\/a> como a part\u00edcula que marca a a\u00e7\u00e3o ou o nome que constitui o objetivo do movimento.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Como formar o radical antes de \u306b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Parta da forma polida e retire <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e \u3059<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Forma \u307e\u3059<\/th><th>Radical<\/th><th>Express\u00e3o<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7 \u3044 \u307e \u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 ir comprar<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 ir comer<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2014 vir ver<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2014 vir estudar<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u5c4b\u3078\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u8f9e\u66f8\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Hon&#8217;ya e nihongo no jisho o kai ni ikimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nVou \u00e0 livraria comprar um dicion\u00e1rio de japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u304c\u3046\u3061\u3078\u904a\u3073\u306b\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tomodachi ga uchi e asobi ni kimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nUm amigo veio \u00e0 minha casa para passar um tempo comigo.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u5fd8\u308c\u7269\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u306b\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Wasuremono o tori ni kaerimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nVou voltar para buscar algo que esqueci.<\/p>\n\n<p>O tempo vem do verbo de movimento: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765 \u308b<\/span> \u00e9 \u201cvem\u201d ou \u201cvir\u00e1\u201d, enquanto <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u305f\uff0f\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span> \u00e9 \u201cveio\u201d. N\u00e3o traduza uma forma n\u00e3o passada como passado sem uma raz\u00e3o no contexto.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Substantivos de atividade + \u306b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Alguns nomes que representam atividades podem aparecer diretamente antes de <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3044\u7269\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 ir \u00e0s compras;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6563\u6b69\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 ir passear;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2014 vir para estudar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Nesse padr\u00e3o, <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> n\u00e3o marca apenas o destino; ela marca a finalidade. O artigo sobre a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/es\/particula-ni-en-japones\/\">part\u00edcula \u306b em japon\u00eas<\/a> mostra como o contexto separa finalidade, destino, hor\u00e1rio e outros usos.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>3. Dar e receber: \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b e \u3082\u3089\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<p>Los verbos <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span> y <span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> descrevem transfer\u00eancias, mas escolhem perspectivas diferentes. N\u00e3o basta perguntar \u201cquem d\u00e1?\u201d; observe tamb\u00e9m quem \u00e9 apresentado como pr\u00f3ximo do falante.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Verbo<\/th><th>Perspectiva<\/th><th>Patr\u00f3n b\u00e1sico<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span><\/td><td>algo vai do falante ou de outra pessoa para fora<\/td><td>LOS <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> B <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> objeto <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><td>algo vem para o falante ou para algu\u00e9m do seu grupo<\/td><td>LOS <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c\uff0f\u306f<\/span> falante <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span> objeto <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><td>o recebedor \u00e9 o ponto de vista da frase<\/td><td>recebedor <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> LOS <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b\uff0f\u304b\u3089<\/span> objeto <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>O <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp\/modules\/ja\/gmod\/courses\/c01\/lesson22\/step1\/explanation\/085.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">m\u00f3dulo da Tokyo University of Foreign Studies sobre dar e receber<\/a> explica que esses verbos podem apresentar o mesmo acontecimento sob pontos de vista diferentes.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u59b9\u306b\u672c\u3092\u3042\u3052\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Watashi wa im\u014dto ni hon o agemashita.<\/em><br \/>\nDei um livro \u00e0 minha irm\u00e3 mais nova.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6728\u6751\u3055\u3093\u304c\u79c1\u306b\u672c\u3092\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kimura-san ga watashi ni hon o kuremashita.<\/em><br \/>\nKimura me deu um livro.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u6728\u6751\u3055\u3093\u306b\u672c\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Watashi wa Kimura-san ni hon o moraimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nRecebi um livro de Kimura.<\/p>\n\n<p>As duas \u00faltimas frases podem descrever a mesma transfer\u00eancia. Com <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span>, Kimura \u00e9 o sujeito e o objeto vem em dire\u00e7\u00e3o ao falante. Com <span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span>, o falante \u00e9 o sujeito e apresenta a a\u00e7\u00e3o como recebimento. Em frases com <span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span>, a origem tamb\u00e9m pode ser marcada por <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b \u3089<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6728\u6751\u3055\u3093\u304b\u3089\u672c\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Forma \u3066 + \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b e \u3082\u3089\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<p>Quando esses verbos v\u00eam depois da <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/es\/form-you-verbs-en-japones\/\">forma \u3066<\/a>, a \u201ctransfer\u00eancia\u201d passa a ser uma a\u00e7\u00e3o realizada em benef\u00edcio de algu\u00e9m ou recebida com ajuda de algu\u00e9m:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Patr\u00f3n<\/th><th>Ponto de vista<\/th><th>Ejemplo<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span><\/td><td>o sujeito faz algo para outra pessoa<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u306b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3042\u3052\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><td>algu\u00e9m faz algo para mim ou para meu grupo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><td>recebo ou solicito a a\u00e7\u00e3o de algu\u00e9m<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u306b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u304c\u5bbf\u984c\u3092\u624b\u4f1d\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tomodachi ga shukudai o tetsudatte kuremashita.<\/em><br \/>\nUm amigo me ajudou com a tarefa.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u5148\u751f\u306b\u4f5c\u6587\u3092\u76f4\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Watashi wa sensei ni sakubun o naoshite moraimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nPedi ao professor que corrigisse minha reda\u00e7\u00e3o e recebi essa ajuda.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span> pode soar como se o falante estivesse destacando o favor que fez. Ao falar diretamente com quem recebeu a a\u00e7\u00e3o, nem sempre \u00e9 a escolha mais discreta. Em contexto formal, formas como <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u308b<\/span> y <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/span> expressam respeito, mas pertencem a uma etapa posterior do estudo.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Di\u00e1logo com os tr\u00eas padr\u00f5es<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u4e0a\u624b\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u306d\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Nihongo ga j\u014dzu ni narimashita ne.<\/em><br \/>\nSeu japon\u00eas melhorou, n\u00e3o \u00e9?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6bce\u9031\u3001\u5148\u751f\u306b\u4f1a\u8a71\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Arigat\u014d gozaimasu. Maish\u016b, sensei ni kaiwa o oshiete moratte imasu.<\/em><br \/>\nObrigado. Toda semana, recebo aulas de conversa\u00e7\u00e3o do professor.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u3082\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Ky\u014d mo benky\u014d shi ni ikimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nHoje voc\u00ea tamb\u00e9m vai estudar?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f\u3044\u3002\u5148\u751f\u304c\u99c5\u307e\u3067\u8fce\u3048\u306b\u6765\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Hai. Sensei ga eki made mukae ni kite kuremasu.<\/em><br \/>\nSim. O professor vir\u00e1 me buscar na esta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<p>O di\u00e1logo usa <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e0a\u624b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> para mudan\u00e7a, <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> y <span lang=\"ja\">\u8fce\u3048\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> para finalidade, al\u00e9m de <span lang=\"ja\">\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> y <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span> para a\u00e7\u00f5es apresentadas como ajuda.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Usar <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> antes de <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span>:<\/strong> diga <span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>, no <span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b\u306a\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Esquecer a forma especial de \u3044\u3044:<\/strong> \u201cficar melhor\u201d \u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Para reemplazar <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> por <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> mecanicamente:<\/strong> express\u00f5es como <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> t\u00eam significado pr\u00f3prio.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Usar o verbo na forma do dicion\u00e1rio antes de \u306b de finalidade:<\/strong> diga <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span>, no <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Traduzir <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765 \u308b<\/span> como \u201cveio\u201d:<\/strong> o passado \u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u305f\uff0f\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Escolher \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b e \u3082\u3089\u3046 apenas pela tradu\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong> observe quem d\u00e1, quem recebe e de qual perspectiva a frase \u00e9 constru\u00edda.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tratar <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span> como forma neutra de gentileza:<\/strong> ela pode destacar o favor e requer aten\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre as pessoas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcio<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Transforme <span lang=\"ja\">\u6691\u3044<\/span> em \u201cficar quente\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Transforme <span lang=\"ja\">\u5143\u6c17<\/span> em \u201cficar bem\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Complete: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\uff08\u3000\uff09\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Diga \u201cMinha amiga veio estudar japon\u00eas\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Escolha o verbo: <span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u79c1\u306b\u304a\u83d3\u5b50\u3092\uff08\u3042\u3052\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Reescreva \u201cO professor corrigiu minha reda\u00e7\u00e3o para mim\u201d usando <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>Respuestas:<\/strong> 1. <span lang=\"ja\">\u6691\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>; 2. <span lang=\"ja\">\u5143\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>; 3. <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b<\/span>, graduarse <span lang=\"ja\">\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span>; 4. <span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306b\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>; 5. <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>, porque o objeto veio para o falante; 6. <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u5148\u751f\u306b\u4f5c\u6587\u3092\u76f4\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Resumen<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b + \u306a\u308b<\/span> apresenta uma mudan\u00e7a e o estado resultante.<\/li>\n<li>O radical de <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059 + \u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b\uff0f\u5e30\u308b<\/span> apresenta a finalidade de um movimento.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span> y <span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> descrevem dar e receber sob perspectivas diferentes.<\/li>\n<li>Depois da forma <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span>, esses verbos mostram uma a\u00e7\u00e3o realizada ou recebida como benef\u00edcio.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Esses padr\u00f5es ficam mais f\u00e1ceis quando voc\u00ea analisa a fun\u00e7\u00e3o de cada elemento, em vez de traduzir palavra por palavra. Para praticar a ordem dos componentes e a omiss\u00e3o do sujeito, continue pelo guia sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/es\/como-formar-una-oracion-en-japones\/\">c\u00f3mo formar oraciones en japon\u00e9s<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-c2373870306ff\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 son las expresiones verbales en japon\u00e9s?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Son patrones que combinan verbos con part\u00edculas, adjetivos, sustantivos u otros verbos para comunicar ideas como cambio, finalidad, transferencia y beneficio.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-e2794fb1bdb06\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo usar \u306a\u308b en japon\u00e9s?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u306a\u308b presenta un cambio y el estado resultante. Usa el adjetivo \u3044 sin el \u3044 + \u304f\u306a\u308b, el adjetivo \u306a + \u306b\u306a\u308b o el sustantivo + \u306b\u306a\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-fba8bc59e0170\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo decir mejorar en japon\u00e9s?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Usa \u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b. Aunque \u3044\u3044 signifique \u2018bueno\u2019, sus flexiones parten de \u3088\u3044; por eso, la forma correcta es \u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b, no \u3044\u304f\u306a\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-10b1015ac37f2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo decir ir a hacer algo en japon\u00e9s?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Quita \u307e\u3059 del verbo, a\u00f1ade \u306b y termina con un verbo de movimiento. Por ejemplo, \u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059 se convierte en \u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304f, \u2018ir a comprar\u2019.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-11d08c300706f\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la diferencia entre \u3042\u3052\u308b y \u304f\u308c\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3042\u3052\u308b presenta algo siendo dado por parte de quien da y normalmente hacia fuera de la perspectiva del hablante. \u304f\u308c\u308b presenta algo viniendo hacia el hablante o hacia alguien de su grupo.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6c316a9dc2c6e\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la diferencia entre \u304f\u308c\u308b y \u3082\u3089\u3046?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Con \u304f\u308c\u308b, quien da es el sujeto y la transferencia viene hacia el hablante. Con \u3082\u3089\u3046, quien recibe es el sujeto y presenta el mismo acontecimiento como recepci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-44b028720d4c9\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo usar V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b, V\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b y V\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>A\u00f1ade \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b o \u3082\u3089\u3046 a la forma \u3066. El patr\u00f3n muestra una acci\u00f3n hecha para alguien, hecha para el hablante o recibida con la ayuda de alguien, respectivamente.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-54f0b4f91e22e\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 significa \u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b significa que algo sirve de aprendizaje, es instructivo o ense\u00f1a algo \u00fatil. No es una regla general para transformar cualquier verbo terminado en \u3059\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aprende tres expresiones verbales en japon\u00e9s: cambios con \u306a\u308b, finalidad con \u306b\u884c\u304f y la perspectiva de \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b y \u3082\u3089\u3046.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2090,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73,60],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2089"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4449,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089\/revisions\/4449"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2090"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2089"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2089"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2089"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}