{"id":1665,"date":"2009-11-03T04:43:39","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:43:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1665"},"modified":"2026-08-09T13:52:00","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:52:00","slug":"desu-verbi-olla-japaniksi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fi\/desu-o-verbo-ser-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3067\u3059 (desu) japaniksi: merkitys, k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 ja muodot"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u3067\u3059 (<em>desu<\/em>)<\/strong> \u00e9 uma forma educada usada no fim de muitas frases japonesas. Em portugu\u00eas, ela pode aparecer em tradu\u00e7\u00f5es como \u201c\u00e9\u201d, \u201cest\u00e1\u201d, \u201csou\u201d ou \u201cs\u00e3o\u201d, mas n\u00e3o funciona como um verbo \u201cser\u201d que possa ser colocado em qualquer frase. O papel de <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> depende do tipo de predicado que vem antes dele.<\/p>\n\n<p>A regra pr\u00e1tica \u00e9: use <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> principalmente depois de substantivos e adjetivos \u306a em frases educadas. Depois de adjetivos \u3044, ele acrescenta polidez, enquanto o pr\u00f3prio adjetivo expressa e flexiona o estado. Com verbos, a forma educada normalmente termina em <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>, n\u00e3o em <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Mit\u00e4 desu tarkoittaa japaniksi?<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> ajuda a formar um predicado educado. Compare tr\u00eas tipos de frase:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">Tanaka-san on opettaja.<\/span><br \/><em>Tanaka-san on opettaja.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka \u00e9 professor.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u753a\u306f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono machi wa shizuka desu.<\/em><br \/>Esta cidade \u00e9 tranquila.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">T\u00e4n\u00e4\u00e4n on kuuma.<\/span><br \/><em>T\u00e4n\u00e4\u00e4n on kuuma.<\/em><br \/>Hoje est\u00e1 quente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Na primeira frase, <span lang=\"ja\">\u5148\u751f<\/span> \u00e9 um substantivo. Na segunda, <span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b<\/span> \u00e9 um adjetivo \u306a. Na terceira, <span lang=\"ja\">\u6691\u3044<\/span> \u00e9 um adjetivo \u3044: ele j\u00e1 cont\u00e9m a ideia de \u201cestar quente\u201d, e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> deixa a frase educada.<\/p>\n\n<p>Essa diferen\u00e7a evita traduzir cada parte mecanicamente. Para entender como o predicado organiza a frase, consulte o guia sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fi\/miten-muodostaa-lauseita-japaniksi\/\">miten muodostaa lauseita japaniksi<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Desu n\u00e3o \u00e9 um verbo \u201cser\u201d universal<\/h2>\n\n<p>Chamar <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> de \u201cverbo ser\u201d pode ajudar em uma primeira tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, mas cria erros quando vira uma regra absoluta. Ele n\u00e3o substitui todos os usos de \u201cser\u201d e \u201cestar\u201d do portugu\u00eas, nem deve ser acrescentado depois de qualquer verbo japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n<p>Um verbo na forma educada usa normalmente <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Correto:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">Opiskelen japania joka p\u00e4iv\u00e4.<\/span><br \/><em>Opiskelen japania joka p\u00e4iv\u00e4.<\/em><br \/>Opiskelen japania joka p\u00e4iv\u00e4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Incorreto:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">Joka p\u00e4iv\u00e4 opiskelen japania.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Ei my\u00f6sk\u00e4\u00e4n ole olemassa yksiselitteist\u00e4 vastaavuutta \u201cestar\u201d-verbin ja <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span>. Olemassaolo, sijainti, k\u00e4ynniss\u00e4 olevat toiminnot ja tilanmuutokset k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t muita rakenteita. Siksi kannattaa ensin oppia ero substantiivien, adjektiivien ja verbien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fi\/japanin-kieliopin-perusteet\/\">japanin kieliopissa aloittelijoille<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Kohteliaat muodot substantiivien ja na-adjektiivien kanssa<\/h2>\n\n<p>Japani erottaa p\u00e4\u00e4asiassa <strong>ei-mennyt<\/strong> e <strong>mennyt<\/strong>. Ei-mennyt voi kuvata nykyhetke\u00e4, tapoja tai tulevia tilanteita; konteksti osoittaa sopivan tulkinnan. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodorin kielioppitaulukko<\/a> esitt\u00e4\u00e4 t\u00e4m\u00e4n vastakkainasettelun ja erottaa substantiivit, adjektiivit ja verbit.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Arvo<\/th><th>Kohtelias muoto<\/th><th>Esimerkki substantiivilla<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Ei-menneen my\u00f6nteinen<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">T\u00e4n\u00e4\u00e4n on vapaap\u00e4iv\u00e4.<\/span><br \/>T\u00e4n\u00e4\u00e4n on vapaap\u00e4iv\u00e4.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Ei-negatiivinen mennyt<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">ei ole<\/span><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">T\u00e4n\u00e4\u00e4n ei ole vapaap\u00e4iv\u00e4.<\/span><br \/>T\u00e4n\u00e4\u00e4n ei ole vapaap\u00e4iv\u00e4.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Mennyt my\u00f6nteinen<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">Eilen oli vapaap\u00e4iv\u00e4.<\/span><br \/>Eilen oli vapaap\u00e4iv\u00e4.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negatiivinen menneisyys<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">ei ollut<\/span><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">Eilen ei ollut vapaap\u00e4iv\u00e4.<\/span><br \/>Eilen ei ollut vapaap\u00e4iv\u00e4.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">ei<\/span> on yleist\u00e4 puheessa. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f<\/span> esiintyy enemm\u00e4n kirjoituksessa ja muodollisissa yhteyksiss\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 ei tee siit\u00e4 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/span> \u201cpois k\u00e4yt\u00f6st\u00e4\u201d: valinta riippuu rekisterist\u00e4 ja rakenteesta. Irodorin alkuper\u00e4inen materiaali vahvistaa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/starter\/pdf\/X_L03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">negatiivit <span lang=\"ja\">ei ole<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/a> ja selitt\u00e4\u00e4 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f<\/span> suosimisen kirjoituksessa.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Mit\u00e4 eroa on desu ja da v\u00e4lill\u00e4?<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> kuuluu kohteliaaseen tyyliin; <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060<\/span> kuuluu yksinkertaiseen tyyliin. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060<\/span> ei ole vain <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span>. lyhyt \u00e4\u00e4nt\u00e4mismuoto. Vaihto muuttaa lauseen rekisteri\u00e4 ja sen on sovittava tilanteeseen ja muuhun lausumaan.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Arvo<\/th><th>Kohtelias tyyli<\/th><th>Yksinkertainen tyyli<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Ei-menneen my\u00f6nteinen<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3060<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Ei-negatiivinen mennyt<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Mennyt my\u00f6nteinen<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3060\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negatiivinen menneisyys<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Ep\u00e4virallisissa keskusteluissa <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060<\/span> loppu voidaan j\u00e4tt\u00e4\u00e4 pois tietyiss\u00e4 lauseissa, erityisesti lyhyiss\u00e4 kysymyksiss\u00e4: <span lang=\"ja\">\u5b66\u751f\uff1f<\/span> (\u201cOnko h\u00e4n opiskelija?\u201d). T\u00e4m\u00e4 ei tarkoita, ett\u00e4 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> olisivat vaihdettavissa miss\u00e4 tahansa yhteydess\u00e4. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundationin yksinkertaisten muotojen taulukko<\/a> registra <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060\uff0f\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff0f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\uff0f\u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span> para substantivos e adjetivos \u306a.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como desu funciona com adjetivos \u3044?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Adjetivos \u3044 flexionam por conta pr\u00f3pria. N\u00e3o transforme simplesmente <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> osoitteessa <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>. A mudan\u00e7a ocorre no adjetivo:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Arvo<\/th><th>Muoto<\/th><th>K\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6s<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Ei-menneen my\u00f6nteinen<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><em>takai desu<\/em><\/td><td>Se on kallista.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Ei-negatiivinen mennyt<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><em>takakunai desu<\/em><\/td><td>Se ei ole kallista.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Mennyt my\u00f6nteinen<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><em>takakatta desu<\/em><\/td><td>Se oli kallista.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negatiivinen menneisyys<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><em>takakunakatta desu<\/em><\/td><td>Se ei ollut kallista.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Kuten t\u00e4m\u00e4, <span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span> est\u00e1 incorreto. Para aprofundar essa flex\u00e3o, veja <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fi\/how-to-use-adjectives-in-japanese\/\">miten adjektiiveja k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n japaniksi<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como pronunciar desu?<\/h2>\n\n<p>A leitura \u00e9 <em>desu<\/em>. Em muitas variedades e situa\u00e7\u00f5es de fala, a vogal <em>u<\/em> final fica enfraquecida ou n\u00e3o recebe voz, fazendo a palavra soar pr\u00f3xima de \u201cdes\u201d. Isso n\u00e3o autoriza apagar o som de maneira for\u00e7ada em todas as situa\u00e7\u00f5es. Regi\u00e3o, idade, velocidade, \u00eanfase e grau de formalidade podem alterar a pron\u00fancia. O <a href=\"https:\/\/kotoba.ninjal.ac.jp\/qa\/yokuaru\/qa-215\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NINJAL explica a varia\u00e7\u00e3o de pron\u00fancia em <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059\u30fb\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/a> e observa diferen\u00e7as regionais e geracionais.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como transformar uma frase com desu em pergunta?<\/h2>\n\n<p>No registro educado, acrescente <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b<\/span> lopuksi:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">Onko herra Tanaka opettaja?<\/span><br \/><em>Onko Tanaka-san opettaja?.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka \u00e9 professor?<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u753a\u306f\u9759\u304b\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono machi wa shizuka desu ka.<\/em><br \/>Esta cidade \u00e9 tranquila?<\/p>\n\n<p>Na fala informal, a entona\u00e7\u00e3o e outras termina\u00e7\u00f5es podem formar perguntas sem <span lang=\"ja\">\u304b<\/span>. O guia sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fi\/miten-esittaa-kysymyksia-japaniksi\/\">miten kysy\u00e4 kysymyksi\u00e4 japaniksi<\/a> explica a diferen\u00e7a entre perguntas educadas e informais.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns com desu<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Usar depois de um verbo no dicion\u00e1rio:<\/strong> prefira <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span> no estilo educado, n\u00e3o <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304f\u3067\u3059<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fazer o passado de um adjetivo \u3044 como <span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>:<\/strong> a forma correta \u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tratar <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060<\/span> como abrevia\u00e7\u00e3o educada:<\/strong> ele pertence ao estilo simples e pode soar direto demais em certas rela\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Afirmar que <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/span> n\u00e3o \u00e9 usado:<\/strong> a forma continua v\u00e1lida; <span lang=\"ja\">\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/span> \u00e9 apenas mais conversacional.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pronunciar sempre \u201cdes\u201d:<\/strong> a redu\u00e7\u00e3o do <em>u<\/em> varia; primeiro preserve o ritmo e escute falantes em contextos diferentes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Di\u00e1logo curto com desu<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">Onko herra Tanaka opettaja?<\/span><br \/><em>Onko Tanaka-san opettaja?.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka \u00e9 professor?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u5148\u751f\u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4f1a\u793e\u54e1\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Iie, sensei ja arimasen. Kaishain desu.<\/em><br \/>N\u00e3o, n\u00e3o \u00e9 professor. \u00c9 funcion\u00e1rio de uma empresa.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u6628\u65e5\u3082\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kin\u014d mo shigoto deshita ka.<\/em><br \/>Ontem tamb\u00e9m foi dia de trabalho?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u4f11\u307f\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Iie, yasumi deshita.<\/em><br \/>N\u00e3o, foi folga.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcio: escolha a forma correta<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u201cOntem estava tranquilo\u201d: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6628\u65e5\u306f\u9759\u304b\uff08\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u201cHoje n\u00e3o \u00e9 feriado\u201d: <span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u795d\u65e5\uff08\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u201cEra caro\u201d: <span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0f\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u201cVou ao Jap\u00e3o\u201d no estilo educado: <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u3067\u3059\uff0f\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>Respostas:<\/strong> 1) <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>, porque a frase est\u00e1 no passado; 2) <span lang=\"ja\">ei ole<\/span>, negativa educada no n\u00e3o passado; 3) <span lang=\"ja\">\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span>, pois o adjetivo \u3044 recebe a flex\u00e3o; 4) <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span>, porque verbos usam normalmente <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span> no estilo educado.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Usein kysytyt kysymykset<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-327455de07c61\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Mit\u00e4 desu tarkoittaa japaniksi?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3067\u3059 (desu) merkitsee lauseen kohteliaaksi ja auttaa muodostamaan predikaatteja substantiivien ja adjektiivien kanssa. K\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6s voi olla \u201con\u201d, \u201con\u201d, \u201colen\u201d tai \u201covat\u201d, mutta tarkka merkitys riippuu kontekstista ja sit\u00e4 edelt\u00e4v\u00e4st\u00e4 elementist\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6eaab8f05fa53\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Onko desu japanin kielen olla-verbi?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ei yleismaailmallisesti. T\u00e4m\u00e4 k\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6s voi auttaa yksinkertaisissa lauseissa, mutta \u3067\u3059 ei korvaa kaikkia \u201colla\u201d-verbin k\u00e4ytt\u00f6tapoja. Japanilaiset verbit k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t yleens\u00e4 \u307e\u3059 kohteliaassa tyyliss\u00e4, kun taas substantiivit ja adjektiivit noudattavat omia kaavojaan.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-78c00be5160ac\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Mit\u00e4 eroa on desu ja da v\u00e4lill\u00e4?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3067\u3059 kuuluu kohteliaaseen tyyliin; \u3060 kuuluu yksinkertaiseen tyyliin. Ne voivat toimia vastaavissa teht\u00e4viss\u00e4 substantiivien ja \u306a-adjektiivien j\u00e4lkeen, mutta valinta muuttaa rekisteri\u00e4 ja suhdetta keskustelukumppaniin. \u3060 ei ole vain lyhenne sanasta \u3067\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-4ba13b3d77d08\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Miten laittaa desu menneeseen muotoon ja kielteiseen muotoon?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Substantiivien ja na-adjektiivien kanssa k\u00e4yt\u00e4 \u3067\u3057\u305f my\u00f6nt\u00e4v\u00e4ss\u00e4 menneess\u00e4 aikamuodossa. Kielteisess\u00e4 muodossa yleisi\u00e4 muotoja ovat \u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059, \u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093 ja \u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093; kielteisess\u00e4 menneess\u00e4 aikamuodossa k\u00e4yt\u00e4 \u3058\u3083\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059, \u3058\u3083\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f tai \u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-7eb9c5d674bd2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Voinko k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 desu mink\u00e4 tahansa verbin j\u00e4lkeen?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ei. Kohtelias muoto verbist\u00e4 p\u00e4\u00e4ttyy yleens\u00e4 muotoon \u307e\u3059: esimerkiksi \u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059. Rakenne \u884c\u304f\u3067\u3059 on virheellinen standardijapanissa. \u3067\u3059 voi esiinty\u00e4 joidenkin muotojen j\u00e4lkeen, jotka jo toimivat predikaatteina, mutta se ei korvaa verbin taivutusta.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Pr\u00f3ximo passo: reconhe\u00e7a o tipo de predicado<\/h2>\n\n<p>Antes de escolher <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3060<\/span> tai <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>, identifique se o n\u00facleo da frase \u00e9 um substantivo, um adjetivo \u306a, um adjetivo \u3044 ou um verbo. Essa decis\u00e3o simples evita a maior parte dos erros e conecta este tema \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fi\/sanajarjestys-japanissa\/\">japanin sanaj\u00e4rjestys<\/a> e \u00e0s <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fi\/basic-particles-japaniksi\/\">part\u00edculas que marcam a fun\u00e7\u00e3o dos grupos<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ymm\u00e4rr\u00e4, mit\u00e4 \u3067\u3059 (desu) tarkoittaa, milloin k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 t\u00e4t\u00e4 kohteliasta muotoa ja miten erottaa substantiivit, adjektiivit ja verbit japanilaisissa lauseissa.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1667,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73,60],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1665","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1665"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1665\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4403,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1665\/revisions\/4403"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}