{"id":2089,"date":"2009-11-03T06:17:47","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T08:17:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2089"},"modified":"2026-08-21T20:19:44","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T23:19:44","slug":"expressions-verbales-en-japonais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fr\/expressoes-verbais-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Expressions verbales en japonais : 3 mod\u00e8les essentiels"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Les <strong>expressions verbales en japonais<\/strong> combinent des verbes, des particules, des adjectifs ou d'autres verbes pour communiquer des id\u00e9es comme \u201c devenir \u201d, \u201c aller faire quelque chose \u201d et \u201c faire quelque chose pour quelqu'un \u201d. Au lieu de m\u00e9moriser chaque phrase isol\u00e9ment, vous pouvez apprendre le mod\u00e8le, comprendre la perspective et cr\u00e9er vos propres exemples.<\/p>\n\n<p>Dans ce guide, nous \u00e9tudierons trois structures fr\u00e9quentes : <span lang=\"ja\">A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b + \u306a\u308b<\/span> pour les changements, <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b<\/span> pour le but d'un d\u00e9placement et <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff0f\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> pour donner, recevoir et pr\u00e9senter des actions sous diff\u00e9rents points de vue.<\/p>\n\n<h2>R\u00e9sum\u00e9 des trois mod\u00e8les<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Id\u00e9e<\/th><th>Mod\u00e8le<\/th><th>Exemple<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Changement d'\u00e9tat<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b + \u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> \u2014 devenir froid<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>But du mouvement<\/td><td>radical de <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059 + \u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 aller acheter un livre<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Donner ou recevoir quelque chose<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u3052\u308b\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff0f\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> \u2014 recevoir un livre<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Action au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de quelqu'un<\/td><td>former <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066 + \u3042\u3052\u308b\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u308b\uff0f\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> \u2014 recevoir l'aide de quelqu'un qui enseigne<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Vous appr\u00e9cierez davantage l'article si vous reconnaissez d\u00e9j\u00e0 les <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fr\/groupes-verbes-japonais\/\">les cat\u00e9gories verbales en japonais<\/a> et le <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fr\/masu-forme-des-verbes-japonais\/\">forme \u307e\u3059<\/a>. Les exemples incluent la forme simple et la forme polie pour montrer que le mod\u00e8le reste le m\u00eame lorsque le registre change.<\/p>\n\n<h2>1. Comment utiliser \u306a\u308b pour dire devenir<\/h2>\n\n<p>Le verbe <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>naru<\/em>) pr\u00e9sente un changement et l'\u00e9tat r\u00e9sultant. Selon le contexte, il peut \u00eatre traduit par \u201c devenir \u201d, \u201c se transformer en \u201d, \u201c se faire \u201d ou \u201c passer \u00e0 \u201d. Le mot qui d\u00e9crit le nouvel \u00e9tat change de forme avant <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Type<\/th><th>Formation<\/th><th>Exemple<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Adjectif <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span><\/td><td>retirez <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span> et ajoutez <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5bd2\u3044 \u2192 \u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Adjectif <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span><\/td><td>ajoutez <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b \u306a \u308b<\/span> au radical<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b \u2192 \u9759\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Nom<\/td><td>ajoutez <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b \u306a \u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5148\u751f \u2192 \u5148\u751f\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>LES <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00126\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation explique A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/a> comme un mod\u00e8le qui pr\u00e9sente l'\u00e9tat r\u00e9sultant d'un changement. Cette logique est plus utile que d'essayer d'associer <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span> \u00e0 une seule traduction fran\u00e7aise.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Adjectifs \u3044 + \u304f\u306a\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Retirez le <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span> final et ajoutez <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5bd2\u3044 \u2192 \u5bd2\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>samui \u2192 samuku naru<\/em>) \u2014 devenir froid ;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u96e3\u3057\u3044 \u2192 \u96e3\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>muzukashii \u2192 muzukashiku naru<\/em>) \u2014 devenir difficile ;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u65b0\u3057\u3044 \u2192 \u65b0\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>atarashii \u2192 atarashiku naru<\/em>) \u2014 devenir nouveau, \u00eatre renouvel\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span> est une exception importante : utilisez <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>, \u201c am\u00e9liorer \u201d ou \u201c aller mieux \u201d, car les conjugaisons partent de <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088\u3044<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u5929\u6c17\u304c\u6696\u304b\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tenki ga atatakaku narimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nLe temps est devenu plus chaud.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Adjectifs \u306a et substantifs + \u306b\u306a\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Avec les adjectifs <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span>, ne mettez pas le <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span> avant <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span>. Utilisez le radical suivi de <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>shizuka ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 devenir silencieux ;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5143\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>genki ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 aller bien, se r\u00e9tablir ;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6709\u540d\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>y\u016bmei ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 devenir c\u00e9l\u00e8bre.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Les substantifs utilisent la m\u00eame liaison :<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5148\u751f\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>sensei ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 devenir professeur ;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6625\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>haru ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 arriver au printemps, devenir le printemps ;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4e09\u5e74\u751f\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> (<em>sannensei ni naru<\/em>) \u2014 passer en troisi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Si vous confondez encore les deux classes d'adjectifs, revoyez comment <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fr\/types-d-adjectifs-en-japonais\/\">distinguer les adjectifs \u3044 et \u306a<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Conjugaison de base de \u306a\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Valeur<\/th><th>Forme simple<\/th><th>Forme polie<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Pass\u00e9 non affirmatif<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Pass\u00e9 n\u00e9gatif<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Pass\u00e9 affirmatif<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>pass\u00e9 n\u00e9gatif<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Ces lignes ne repr\u00e9sentent pas \u201c quatre temps verbaux \u201d. Elles combinent non-pass\u00e9 ou pass\u00e9, affirmation ou n\u00e9gation, et registre simple ou poli.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u306a\u308b et \u3059\u308b : changement ou action d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span> pr\u00e9sente le changement du sujet. <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span> peut pr\u00e9senter quelqu'un produisant ce changement :<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u90e8\u5c4b\u304c\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Heya ga kirei ni narimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nLa pi\u00e8ce est devenue propre.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u90e8\u5c4b\u3092\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Heya o kirei ni shimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nJ'ai rendu la pi\u00e8ce propre.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ne transformez pas m\u00e9caniquement chaque verbe en <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span> en rempla\u00e7ant <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span> par <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b \u306a \u308b<\/span>. <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>, par exemple, est une expression qui signifie que quelque chose \u201c sert d'apprentissage \u201d ou \u201c est instructif \u201d : <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u8a71\u306f\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span> \u2014 \u201c Cette conversation a \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s instructive \u201d. Elle ne signifie pas simplement \u201c devenir \u00e9tudi\u00e9 \u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2>2. Comment dire aller ou venir faire quelque chose<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pour expliquer le but d'un d\u00e9placement, utilisez le radical de la forme <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span>, ajoutez la particule <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span> e termine com um verbo de movimento:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>destino + <span lang=\"ja\">\u3078\uff0f\u306b<\/span> + objeto + <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span> + radical de <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059 + \u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b\uff0f\u5e30\u308b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>LES <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00046\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation descreve \u306b de finalidade<\/a> como a part\u00edcula que marca a a\u00e7\u00e3o ou o nome que constitui o objetivo do movimento.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Como formar o radical antes de \u306b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Parta da forma polida e retire <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Forme en \u307e\u3059<\/th><th>Radical<\/th><th>Express\u00e3o<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7 \u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 ir comprar<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 ir comer<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2014 vir ver<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2014 vir estudar<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u672c\u5c4b\u3078\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u8f9e\u66f8\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Hon&#8217;ya e nihongo no jisho o kai ni ikimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nVou \u00e0 livraria comprar um dicion\u00e1rio de japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u304c\u3046\u3061\u3078\u904a\u3073\u306b\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tomodachi ga uchi e asobi ni kimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nUm amigo veio \u00e0 minha casa para passar um tempo comigo.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u5fd8\u308c\u7269\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u306b\u5e30\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Wasuremono o tori ni kaerimasu.<\/em><br \/>\nVou voltar para buscar algo que esqueci.<\/p>\n\n<p>O tempo vem do verbo de movimento: <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span> \u00e9 \u201cvem\u201d ou \u201cvir\u00e1\u201d, enquanto <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u305f\uff0f\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span> \u00e9 \u201cveio\u201d. N\u00e3o traduza uma forma n\u00e3o passada como passado sem uma raz\u00e3o no contexto.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Substantivos de atividade + \u306b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Alguns nomes que representam atividades podem aparecer diretamente antes de <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3044\u7269\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 ir \u00e0s compras;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6563\u6b69\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> \u2014 ir passear;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2014 vir para estudar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Nesse padr\u00e3o, <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span> n\u00e3o marca apenas o destino; ela marca a finalidade. O artigo sobre a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fr\/particule-ni-en-japonais\/\">part\u00edcula \u306b em japon\u00eas<\/a> mostra como o contexto separa finalidade, destino, hor\u00e1rio e outros usos.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>3. Dar e receber: \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b e \u3082\u3089\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<p>Les verbes <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042 \u3052 \u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span> et <span lang=\"ja\">\u3082 \u3089 \u3046<\/span> descrevem transfer\u00eancias, mas escolhem perspectivas diferentes. N\u00e3o basta perguntar \u201cquem d\u00e1?\u201d; observe tamb\u00e9m quem \u00e9 apresentado como pr\u00f3ximo do falante.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Verbe<\/th><th>Perspectiva<\/th><th>Sch\u00e9ma de base<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042 \u3052 \u308b<\/span><\/td><td>algo vai do falante ou de outra pessoa para fora<\/td><td>LES <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span> B <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span> objet <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092 \u3042 \u3052 \u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><td>algo vem para o falante ou para algu\u00e9m do seu grupo<\/td><td>LES <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c\uff0f\u306f<\/span> falante <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span> objet <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092 \u304f \u308c \u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3082 \u3089 \u3046<\/span><\/td><td>o recebedor \u00e9 o ponto de vista da frase<\/td><td>recebedor <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span> LES <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b\uff0f\u304b\u3089<\/span> objet <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092 \u3082 \u3089 \u3046<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>\u00f4 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp\/modules\/ja\/gmod\/courses\/c01\/lesson22\/step1\/explanation\/085.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">m\u00f3dulo da Tokyo University of Foreign Studies sobre dar e receber<\/a> explica que esses verbos podem apresentar o mesmo acontecimento sob pontos de vista diferentes.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u59b9\u306b\u672c\u3092\u3042\u3052\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Watashi wa im\u014dto ni hon o agemashita.<\/em><br \/>\nDei um livro \u00e0 minha irm\u00e3 mais nova.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u6728\u6751\u3055\u3093\u304c\u79c1\u306b\u672c\u3092\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kimura-san ga watashi ni hon o kuremashita.<\/em><br \/>\nKimura me deu um livro.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u6728\u6751\u3055\u3093\u306b\u672c\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Watashi wa Kimura-san ni hon o moraimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nRecebi um livro de Kimura.<\/p>\n\n<p>As duas \u00faltimas frases podem descrever a mesma transfer\u00eancia. Com <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span>, Kimura \u00e9 o sujeito e o objeto vem em dire\u00e7\u00e3o ao falante. Com <span lang=\"ja\">\u3082 \u3089 \u3046<\/span>, o falante \u00e9 o sujeito e apresenta a a\u00e7\u00e3o como recebimento. Em frases com <span lang=\"ja\">\u3082 \u3089 \u3046<\/span>, a origem tamb\u00e9m pode ser marcada por <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6728\u6751\u3055\u3093\u304b\u3089\u672c\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Forma \u3066 + \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b e \u3082\u3089\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<p>Quando esses verbos v\u00eam depois da <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fr\/formez-vous-verbes-en-japonais\/\">forme \u3066<\/a>, a \u201ctransfer\u00eancia\u201d passa a ser uma a\u00e7\u00e3o realizada em benef\u00edcio de algu\u00e9m ou recebida com ajuda de algu\u00e9m:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Mod\u00e8le<\/th><th>Ponto de vista<\/th><th>Exemple<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span><\/td><td>o sujeito faz algo para outra pessoa<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u306b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3042\u3052\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><td>algu\u00e9m faz algo para mim ou para meu grupo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span><\/td><td>recebo ou solicito a a\u00e7\u00e3o de algu\u00e9m<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u306b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u304c\u5bbf\u984c\u3092\u624b\u4f1d\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tomodachi ga shukudai o tetsudatte kuremashita.<\/em><br \/>\nUm amigo me ajudou com a tarefa.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u5148\u751f\u306b\u4f5c\u6587\u3092\u76f4\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Watashi wa sensei ni sakubun o naoshite moraimashita.<\/em><br \/>\nPedi ao professor que corrigisse minha reda\u00e7\u00e3o e recebi essa ajuda.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span> pode soar como se o falante estivesse destacando o favor que fez. Ao falar diretamente com quem recebeu a a\u00e7\u00e3o, nem sempre \u00e9 a escolha mais discreta. Em contexto formal, formas como <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u308b<\/span> et <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/span> expressam respeito, mas pertencem a uma etapa posterior do estudo.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Di\u00e1logo com os tr\u00eas padr\u00f5es<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A :<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u4e0a\u624b\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u306d\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Nihongo ga j\u014dzu ni narimashita ne.<\/em><br \/>\nSeu japon\u00eas melhorou, n\u00e3o \u00e9?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B :<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6bce\u9031\u3001\u5148\u751f\u306b\u4f1a\u8a71\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Arigat\u014d gozaimasu. Maish\u016b, sensei ni kaiwa o oshiete moratte imasu.<\/em><br \/>\nObrigado. Toda semana, recebo aulas de conversa\u00e7\u00e3o do professor.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A :<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u3082\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Ky\u014d mo benky\u014d shi ni ikimasu ka.<\/em><br \/>\nHoje voc\u00ea tamb\u00e9m vai estudar?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B :<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f\u3044\u3002\u5148\u751f\u304c\u99c5\u307e\u3067\u8fce\u3048\u306b\u6765\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<em>Hai. Sensei ga eki made mukae ni kite kuremasu.<\/em><br \/>\nSim. O professor vir\u00e1 me buscar na esta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<p>O di\u00e1logo usa <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e0a\u624b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> para mudan\u00e7a, <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span> et <span lang=\"ja\">\u8fce\u3048\u306b\u6765\u308b<\/span> para finalidade, al\u00e9m de <span lang=\"ja\">\u6559\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span> et <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span> para a\u00e7\u00f5es apresentadas como ajuda.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Utiliser <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span> avant <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u308b<\/span>:<\/strong> dire <span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>, pas <span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b\u306a\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Esquecer a forma especial de \u3044\u3044:<\/strong> \u201cficar melhor\u201d \u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Remplacer <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span> par <span lang=\"ja\">\u306b \u306a \u308b<\/span> mecanicamente:<\/strong> express\u00f5es como <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span> t\u00eam significado pr\u00f3prio.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Usar o verbo na forma do dicion\u00e1rio antes de \u306b de finalidade:<\/strong> dire <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span>, pas <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b\u306b\u884c\u304f<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Traduzir <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span> como \u201cveio\u201d:<\/strong> o passado \u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u305f\uff0f\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Escolher \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b e \u3082\u3089\u3046 apenas pela tradu\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong> observe quem d\u00e1, quem recebe e de qual perspectiva a frase \u00e9 constru\u00edda.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tratar <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/span> como forma neutra de gentileza:<\/strong> ela pode destacar o favor e requer aten\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre as pessoas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcio<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Transforme <span lang=\"ja\">\u6691\u3044<\/span> em \u201cficar quente\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Transforme <span lang=\"ja\">\u00e9nergie<\/span> em \u201cficar bem\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Complete: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\uff08\u3000\uff09\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Diga \u201cMinha amiga veio estudar japon\u00eas\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Escolha o verbo: <span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u79c1\u306b\u304a\u83d3\u5b50\u3092\uff08\u3042\u3052\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0f\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Reescreva \u201cO professor corrigiu minha reda\u00e7\u00e3o para mim\u201d usando <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>R\u00e9ponses :<\/strong> 1. <span lang=\"ja\">\u6691\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/span>; 2. <span lang=\"ja\">\u5143\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>; 3. <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span>, dipl\u00f4m\u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span>; 4. <span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u306b\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>; 5. <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>, porque o objeto veio para o falante; 6. <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u5148\u751f\u306b\u4f5c\u6587\u3092\u76f4\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">A\u304f\uff0fAN\u306b\uff0fN\u306b + \u306a\u308b<\/span> apresenta uma mudan\u00e7a e o estado resultante.<\/li>\n<li>O radical de <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059 + \u306b + \u884c\u304f\uff0f\u6765\u308b\uff0f\u5e30\u308b<\/span> apresenta a finalidade de um movimento.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3042 \u3052 \u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/span> et <span lang=\"ja\">\u3082 \u3089 \u3046<\/span> descrevem dar e receber sob perspectivas diferentes.<\/li>\n<li>Depois da forma <span lang=\"ja\">??<\/span>, esses verbos mostram uma a\u00e7\u00e3o realizada ou recebida como benef\u00edcio.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Esses padr\u00f5es ficam mais f\u00e1ceis quando voc\u00ea analisa a fun\u00e7\u00e3o de cada elemento, em vez de traduzir palavra por palavra. Para praticar a ordem dos componentes e a omiss\u00e3o do sujeito, continue pelo guia sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fr\/comment-former-une-phrase-en-japonais\/\">comment former des phrases en japonais<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-c2373870306ff\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">O que s\u00e3o express\u00f5es verbais em japon\u00eas?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>S\u00e3o padr\u00f5es que combinam verbos com part\u00edculas, adjetivos, substantivos ou outros verbos para comunicar ideias como mudan\u00e7a, finalidade, transfer\u00eancia e benef\u00edcio.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-e2794fb1bdb06\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Como usar \u306a\u308b em japon\u00eas?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u306a\u308b apresenta uma mudan\u00e7a e o estado resultante. Use adjetivo \u3044 sem o \u3044 + \u304f\u306a\u308b, adjetivo \u306a + \u306b\u306a\u308b ou substantivo + \u306b\u306a\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-fba8bc59e0170\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Como dizer ficar melhor em japon\u00eas?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Use \u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b. Embora \u3044\u3044 signifique \u2018bom\u2019, suas flex\u00f5es partem de \u3088\u3044; por isso, a forma correta \u00e9 \u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b, n\u00e3o \u3044\u304f\u306a\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-10b1015ac37f2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Como dizer ir fazer algo em japon\u00eas?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Retire \u307e\u3059 do verbo, acrescente \u306b e termine com um verbo de movimento. Por exemplo, \u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059 vira \u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304f, \u2018ir comprar\u2019.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-11d08c300706f\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a entre \u3042\u3052\u308b e \u304f\u308c\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3042\u3052\u308b apresenta algo sendo dado pelo lado de quem d\u00e1 e normalmente para fora da perspectiva do falante. \u304f\u308c\u308b apresenta algo vindo para o falante ou para algu\u00e9m do seu grupo.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6c316a9dc2c6e\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a entre \u304f\u308c\u308b e \u3082\u3089\u3046?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Com \u304f\u308c\u308b, quem d\u00e1 \u00e9 o sujeito e a transfer\u00eancia vem em dire\u00e7\u00e3o ao falante. Com \u3082\u3089\u3046, quem recebe \u00e9 o sujeito e apresenta o mesmo acontecimento como recebimento.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-44b028720d4c9\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Como usar V\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b, V\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b e V\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Acrescente \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b ou \u3082\u3089\u3046 \u00e0 forma \u3066. O padr\u00e3o mostra uma a\u00e7\u00e3o feita para algu\u00e9m, feita para o falante ou recebida com a ajuda de algu\u00e9m, respectivamente.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-54f0b4f91e22e\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">O que significa \u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308b significa que algo serve de aprendizado, \u00e9 instrutivo ou ensina algo \u00fatil. N\u00e3o \u00e9 uma regra geral para transformar qualquer verbo terminado em \u3059\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Apprenez trois expressions verbales en japonais : les changements avec \u306a\u308b, le but avec \u306b\u884c\u304f et la perspective de \u3042\u3052\u308b, \u304f\u308c\u308b et \u3082\u3089\u3046.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2090,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73,60],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2089"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4449,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089\/revisions\/4449"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2090"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2089"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2089"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2089"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}