{"id":1661,"date":"2009-11-03T04:41:50","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1661"},"modified":"2026-08-09T22:10:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T01:10:12","slug":"%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hi\/sujeito-das-frases-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f: \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092c \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902"},"content":{"rendered":"

O \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0935\u0939 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0947\u092f \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u304c<\/strong>, \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u306f<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0932 \u0916\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n\n

\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u306f<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0947\u092f, \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u091a\u0940\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964.<\/p>\n\n

\u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/h2>\n\n

\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0947\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n\n

\u732b\u304c\u7a93\u306e\u305d\u3070\u3067\u5bdd\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u0964<\/strong>
\n\u306d\u3053\u304c \u307e\u3069\u306e \u305d\u3070\u3067 \u306d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u0964
\nNeko ga mado no soba de nete imasu\u0964.<\/em>
\n\u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0916\u093f\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n\n

\u0907\u0938 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u732b<\/strong> (\u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940) \u5bdd\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/strong> (\u0938\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948) \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u304c<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e SOV \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0947\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/a>. \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0964 NINJAL \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e SOV \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e, \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e (\u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f) \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u091a\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/h2>\n\n

\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e<\/th>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/th>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/td>\u0935\u0939 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0947\u092f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td>\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0947\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/td>\u091c\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u092c\u0942\u091d\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f<\/td>\u0935\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u091c\u094b \u091f\u093f\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0923\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td>\u0939\u092e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u96e8\u304c\u964d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/strong> (Ame ga futte imasu<\/em>, \u201c\u092c\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u201d), \u96e8<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u092c\u0942\u091d\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0935\u093e\u091a\u094d\u092f, \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; Japan Foundation \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

\u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u304c \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/h2>\n\n

\u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u304c<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0924\u092c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924, \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n\n

\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u0964<\/strong>
\n\u305f\u306a\u304b\u3055\u3093\u304c \u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u0964
\nTanaka-san ga kimashita.<\/em>
\n\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0915\u093e \u0906 \u0917\u090f\u0964.<\/p>\n\n

\u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u3060\u308c\u304c\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b<\/strong> (Dare ga kimashita ka?<\/em>, \u201c\u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0906\u092f\u093e?\u201d)\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093<\/strong> como a informa\u00e7\u00e3o procurada:<\/p>\n\n

\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u0964<\/strong>
\nFoi Tanaka quem chegou.<\/p>\n\n

Isso n\u00e3o significa que toda ocorr\u00eancia de \u304c<\/strong> possa ser traduzida da mesma maneira. A part\u00edcula marca uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o gramatical, e a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o natural depende do predicado e do contexto. O guia de \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0923<\/a> apresenta uma vis\u00e3o geral das fun\u00e7\u00f5es mais frequentes.<\/p>\n\n

Por que \u306f n\u00e3o \u00e9 simplesmente uma part\u00edcula de sujeito<\/h2>\n\n

\u306f<\/strong>, pronunciado \u0935\u093e<\/em> quando funciona como part\u00edcula, marca o t\u00f3pico: o elemento apresentado como assunto para o coment\u00e1rio seguinte. O material inicial Irodori da Japan Foundation define \u306f como marcador do t\u00f3pico<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

\u3053\u306e\u732b\u306f\u6bce\u671d\u65e9\u304f\u8d77\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u3053\u306e \u306d\u3053\u306f \u307e\u3044\u3042\u3055 \u306f\u3084\u304f \u304a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nKono neko wa maiasa hayaku okimasu.<\/em>
\nQuanto a este gato, ele acorda cedo todas as manh\u00e3s.<\/p>\n\n

\u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u3053\u306e\u732b<\/strong> \u00e9 o t\u00f3pico e tamb\u00e9m corresponde semanticamente ao sujeito de \u201cacordar\u201d. Essa coincid\u00eancia \u00e9 comum, mas n\u00e3o transforma \u306f<\/strong> em marcador universal de sujeito.<\/p>\n\n

Observe um caso em que t\u00f3pico e sujeito aparecem separados:<\/p>\n\n

\u79c1\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f \u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054\u304c \u3059\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002
\nWatashi wa nihongo ga suki desu.<\/em>
\nEu gosto de japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n

\u79c1\u306f<\/strong> estabelece \u201cquanto a mim\u201d como t\u00f3pico; dentro do coment\u00e1rio, \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059<\/strong> apresenta aquilo que \u00e9 apreciado. A tradu\u00e7\u00e3o natural em portugu\u00eas reorganiza a rela\u00e7\u00e3o e n\u00e3o mostra essa estrutura palavra por palavra. Para aprofundar o contraste discursivo entre as part\u00edculas, consulte o artigo dedicado a \u306f e \u304c<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Quando o sujeito pode ser omitido<\/h2>\n\n

O japon\u00eas costuma omitir o sujeito e outros elementos quando eles j\u00e1 podem ser recuperados pela situa\u00e7\u00e3o ou pelas frases anteriores. Isso n\u00e3o significa que a frase esteja \u201csem sentido\u201d: a informa\u00e7\u00e3o continua impl\u00edcita.<\/p>\n\n

\u6bce\u65e5\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u307e\u3059\u0964<\/strong>
\n\u307e\u3044\u306b\u3061\u3001\u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054\u3092 \u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nMainichi, nihongo o benky\u014d shimasu.<\/em>
\n\u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0939\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0901\u0964.<\/p>\n\n

Se a conversa j\u00e1 \u00e9 sobre quem fala, n\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio repetir \u79c1\u306f<\/strong>. A pr\u00f3pria Japan Foundation observa, em um exemplo com V-\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/strong>, que \u79c1\u306f costuma ser omitido quando o sujeito \u00e9 recuper\u00e1vel<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

A omiss\u00e3o \u00e9 adequada quando n\u00e3o cria ambiguidade. Se duas pessoas est\u00e3o sendo comparadas ou se o interlocutor pode interpretar outro sujeito, expresse o elemento necess\u00e1rio:<\/p>\n\n

\u79c1\u306f\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5c71\u7530\u3055\u3093\u306f\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f \u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3084\u307e\u3060\u3055\u3093\u306f \u3044\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
\nWatashi wa ikimasu ga, Yamada-san wa ikimasen.<\/em>
\nEu vou, mas Yamada n\u00e3o vai.<\/p>\n\n

Um m\u00e9todo pr\u00e1tico para encontrar o sujeito<\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  1. Localize o predicado.<\/strong> Veja qual verbo, adjetivo ou express\u00e3o nominal encerra a ideia principal.<\/li>\n
  2. Procure \u304c.<\/strong> O elemento marcado por essa part\u00edcula \u00e9 frequentemente o sujeito expl\u00edcito.<\/li>\n
  3. Identifique o t\u00f3pico com \u306f.<\/strong> Pergunte se ele tamb\u00e9m participa do predicado ou apenas delimita o assunto.<\/li>\n
  4. Considere o contexto.<\/strong> O sujeito pode ter aparecido antes ou ser \u00f3bvio na situa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li>\n
  5. Evite traduzir part\u00edcula por part\u00edcula.<\/strong> Reconstrua a rela\u00e7\u00e3o completa em portugu\u00eas natural.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Esse processo complementa o m\u00e9todo de \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/a> \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

    Di\u00e1logo curto: sujeito expl\u00edcito e omitido<\/h2>\n\n

    \u090f:<\/strong> \u3060\u308c\u304c\u3053\u306e\u30b1\u30fc\u30ad\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002
    \nDare ga kono k\u0113ki o tsukurimashita ka?<\/em>
    \nQuem fez este bolo?<\/p>\n\n

    \u092c\u0940:<\/strong> \u4f50\u85e4\u3055\u3093\u304c\u4f5c\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
    \nSat\u014d-san ga tsukurimashita.<\/em>
    \nSat\u014d fez.<\/p>\n\n

    \u090f:<\/strong> \u6bce\u9031\u4f5c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
    \nMaish\u016b tsukurimasu ka?<\/em>
    \n(Ela) faz toda semana?<\/p>\n\n

    \u092c\u0940:<\/strong> \u306f\u3044\u3001\u4f5c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
    \nHai, tsukurimasu.<\/em>
    \nSim, faz.<\/p>\n\n

    Na primeira resposta, \u4f50\u85e4\u3055\u3093\u304c<\/strong> identifica quem fez o bolo. Depois que Sat\u014d se torna a refer\u00eancia compartilhada, o sujeito pode ser omitido. O guia sobre perguntas em japon\u00eas<\/a> explica a forma\u00e7\u00e3o interrogativa usada no di\u00e1logo.<\/p>\n\n

    Exerc\u00edcio comentado<\/h2>\n\n

    Identifique o t\u00f3pico, o sujeito expl\u00edcito ou o sujeito omitido:<\/p>\n\n

      \n
    1. \u9ce5\u304c\u7a7a\u3092\u98db\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong> \u2014 \u9ce5<\/strong> \u00e9 o sujeito expl\u00edcito, marcado por \u304c.<\/li>\n
    2. \u3053\u306e\u753a\u306f\u51ac\u304c\u5bd2\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong> \u2014 \u3053\u306e\u753a<\/strong> \u00e9 o t\u00f3pico; \u51ac<\/strong> \u00e9 o elemento marcado por \u304c dentro do coment\u00e1rio.<\/li>\n
    3. \u6628\u65e5\u3001\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3078\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong> \u2014 o sujeito est\u00e1 omitido e precisa ser recuperado pelo contexto.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

      A ideia principal \u00e9 simples: \u304c<\/strong> oferece uma pista forte de sujeito, \u306f<\/strong> estabelece o t\u00f3pico, e nenhum dos dois precisa aparecer quando o contexto j\u00e1 fornece a informa\u00e7\u00e3o. Identificar o predicado antes de procurar r\u00f3tulos torna a an\u00e1lise mais segura.<\/p>\n\n

      \n
      \n
      \n

      \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u0915\u0923 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/h3>\n
      \n\n

      \u304c \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0916\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930 \u091c\u092c \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u306f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0932 \u0916\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u094b \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/h3>\n
      \n\n

      \u306f \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u094b \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0928 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0964 \u0915\u0908 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0932 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/h3>\n
      \n\n

      \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u092c \u092c\u093e\u0924\u091a\u0940\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u090f\u0964.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e?<\/h3>\n
      \n\n

      \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902: \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f, \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0925\u0932\u0917 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u091a\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/h3>\n
      \n\n

      \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u092c\u0942\u091d\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0935\u093e\u091a\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u304c \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u092c \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":287,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1661","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1661","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1661"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1661\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4407,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1661\/revisions\/4407"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1661"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0921\u092c\u094d\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}