{"id":1729,"date":"2009-11-15T09:19:47","date_gmt":"2009-11-15T11:19:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1729"},"modified":"2018-03-15T01:12:03","modified_gmt":"2018-03-15T04:12:03","slug":"alapveto-reszecskek-japanul","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/particulas-basicas-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Az alapvet\u0151 r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9k jap\u00e1nul"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"0ce2e1532cfed878672bf28fff76695e\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Tudjon meg t\u00f6bbet a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151kr\u0151l\u00a0<strong>a jap\u00e1n nyelv alapvet\u0151 r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9i<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>A r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9k <span style=\"color: #000000\">kis<\/span> nyelvtani elemek, \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban egyetlen sz\u00f3taggal \u00edrva a\u00a0<a title=\"A jap\u00e1n \u00e1b\u00e9c\u00e9 hiragana \u00e9s katakana\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/alphabet-japanese-hiragana-e-katakana\/\">Jap\u00e1n \u00e1b\u00e9c\u00e9 hiragana nyelven<\/a>\u00e9s nincs konkr\u00e9t ford\u00edt\u00e1suk.<\/p>\n<p>A jap\u00e1n nyelvben a partikul\u00e1k funkci\u00f3ja tiszt\u00e1n nyelvtani, a szavak sz\u00f6vegben vagy mondatban bet\u00f6lt\u00f6tt funkci\u00f3j\u00e1nak azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra szolg\u00e1lnak.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/\">jap\u00e1n nyelv<\/a>. A r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcl lehetetlen lenne b\u00e1rmilyen jap\u00e1n mondatot meg\u00e9rteni.<\/p>\n<p>A mai cikkben a jap\u00e1n nyelv legalapvet\u0151bb r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9ir\u0151l szeretn\u00e9k \u00edrni, \u00e9s egy kicsit besz\u00e9lni a leggyakoribb haszn\u00e1latukr\u00f3l \u00e9s jelent\u00e9s\u00fckr\u0151l. Ne agg\u00f3dj, ha most nem sokat \u00e9rtesz, ahogy haladunk tov\u00e1bb a tanulm\u00e1nyainkban, minden vil\u00e1gosabb\u00e1 v\u00e1lik.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Annak ellen\u00e9re, hogy a\u00a0<a title=\"A jap\u00e1n \u00e1b\u00e9c\u00e9 hiragana \u00e9s katakana\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/alphabet-japanese-hiragana-e-katakana\/\">Jap\u00e1n \u00e1b\u00e9c\u00e9 hiragana nyelven<\/a>N\u00e9h\u00e1ny sz\u00f3tag ebben az \u00e1b\u00e9c\u00e9ben megv\u00e1ltoztathatja a kiejt\u00e9st, amikor r\u00e9szecskek\u00e9nt haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k \u0151ket. Erre j\u00f3 p\u00e9lda a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9k\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"o\">\u3092<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"e\">\u3078<\/acronym>. B\u00e1r a sz\u00f3tagok \u00edr\u00e1sm\u00f3dja\u00a0<strong>ha<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>wo<\/strong>\u00a0e\u00a0<strong>\u0151<\/strong>a kiejt\u00e9s\u00fck\u00a0<strong>wa<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>o<\/strong>\u00a0e\u00a0<strong>e<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Az alapvet\u0151 r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9k jap\u00e1nul<\/h2>\n<p>Mostant\u00f3l kezdve minden egyes <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/particulas-basicas-parte-1-%e3%81%af-e-%e3%81%8c\/\">a jap\u00e1n nyelv legalapvet\u0151bb r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9i<\/a>Az al\u00e1bbiakban a jap\u00e1n nyelv leggyakoribb r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9inek r\u00f6vid list\u00e1ja k\u00f6vetkezik.<\/p>\n<h3>A t\u00e9ma r\u00e9szecske<\/h3>\n<p>A mondat t\u00e9m\u00e1ja az a f\u0151 t\u00e9ma, amir\u0151l besz\u00e9l\u00fcnk, vagy amit ki akarunk emelni. A t\u00e9m\u00e1t \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 partikul\u00e1val jel\u00f6lj\u00fck\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p>A t\u00e9ma fogalma nagyon zavaros a brazilok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, mivel a portug\u00e1l nyelvben nem l\u00e9tezik, de nem olyan bonyolult, mint sokan gondolj\u00e1k. Vegy\u00fck p\u00e9ldak\u00e9nt az al\u00e1bbi mondatot.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kare wa nihonjin desu - \u0151 jap\u00e1n.\"><span class=\"orange\" style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u5f7c<\/span>\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kare - \u0151t.\">\u5f7c<\/acronym>\u00a0a mondat f\u0151 alanya, a mondat legfontosabb r\u00e9sze. Ez az\u00e9rt van, mert a\u00a0<acronym title=\"kare - \u0151t.\">\u5f7c<\/acronym>\u00a0a r\u00e9szecske\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p>Ha ugyanabban a mondatban megv\u00e1ltoztatjuk a szavak sorrendj\u00e9t, megv\u00e1ltoztatjuk a t\u00e9m\u00e1t vagy azt a r\u00e9szt, amelynek a legnagyobb jelent\u0151s\u00e9get tulajdon\u00edtjuk, de a ford\u00edt\u00e1s \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban nem v\u00e1ltozik.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"nihonjin wa kare desu - \u0151 jap\u00e1n.\"><span class=\"orange\" style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u65e5\u672c\u4eba<\/span>\u306f\u5f7c\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>A mondat t\u00e9m\u00e1ja a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151\u00a0<acronym title=\"nihonjin - jap\u00e1n.\">\u65e5\u672c\u4eba<\/acronym>mivel a r\u00e9szecske el\u0151tt jelenik meg\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<h3>Az alanyi r\u00e9szecske<\/h3>\n<p>A r\u00e9szecske\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga\">\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0az a jel, amely azt jelzi, hogy melyik sz\u00f3 a mondat alanya. M\u00e1s sz\u00f3val, az a sz\u00f3, amelyik a sz\u00f3tag el\u0151tt \u00e1ll.\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga\">\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0az, aki az ige cselekv\u00e9s\u00e9t v\u00e9gzi vagy elszenvedi. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"onaka ga itai desu - F\u00e1j (vagy f\u00e1j a gyomrom).\"><span class=\"orange\" style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u304a\u8179<\/span>\u304c\u75db\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>A fenti mondatban\u00a0<acronym title=\"onaka - gyomor.\">\u304a\u8179<\/acronym>\u00a0a mondat alanya, mivel a partikula el\u0151tt jelenik meg\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga\">\u304c<\/acronym>. \u00c9s ha jobban megn\u00e9zed, ez\u00a0<acronym title=\"onaka - gyomor.\">\u304a\u8179<\/acronym>\u00a0amely elszenvedi a f\u00e1jdalmat.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Sok a z\u0171rzavar azzal kapcsolatban, hogy mikor kell haszn\u00e1lni a r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9t.\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga\">\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0vagy a r\u00e9szecske\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa\">\u306f<\/acronym>. Ez az\u00e9rt van, mert anyanyelv\u00fcnk\u00f6n nincs t\u00e9ma fogalma, \u00e9s az\u00e9rt is, mert a jap\u00e1n mondatok t\u00e9m\u00e1ja a jap\u00e1nr\u00f3l portug\u00e1lra t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 szabad ford\u00edt\u00e1sban a mondatok t\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lik.<\/p>\n<p>A jap\u00e1n nyelvben \u00e9lve a di\u00e1kok meg\u00e9rtik a k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9get e k\u00e9t r\u00e9szecske haszn\u00e1lata k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. Legy\u00e9l teh\u00e1t egy kicsit t\u00fcrelmes magaddal. Ugye?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>A birtokos r\u00e9szecske<\/h3>\n<p>A sz\u00f3tag\u00a0<acronym title=\"a\">\u306e<\/acronym>, amikor partikulak\u00e9nt haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k, \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban k\u00e9t f\u0151nevet k\u00f6t \u00f6ssze; a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 \u00e9rzetet kelti: \"a\".\u00a0<em>tulajdonos<\/em>\u00a0e\u00a0<em>megsz\u00e1llt dolog<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kanojo no hon - A k\u00f6nyve\">\u5f7c\u5973<span class=\"orange\" style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u306e<\/span>\u672c\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>A fenti p\u00e9ld\u00e1ban a r\u00e9szecske\u00a0<acronym title=\"a\">\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0azt jelzi, hogy\u00a0<acronym title=\"Kanojo - \u0151\">\u5f7c\u5973<\/acronym>\u00a0a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 c\u00e9g tulajdonosa\u00a0<acronym title=\"hon - k\u00f6nyv\">\u672c<\/acronym>. M\u00e1s sz\u00f3val, \"<em>A k\u00f6nyve<\/em>\" vagy \"<em>A k\u00f6nyv, amely az \u00f6v\u00e9<\/em>\". Figyelj\u00fck meg, hogy a sz\u00f3 a partikul\u00e1t megel\u0151z\u0151en\u00a0<acronym title=\"a\">\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0a partikul\u00e1t k\u00f6vet\u0151 sz\u00f3 tulajdonosa.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>A\u00a0<a title=\"Tulajdonosi n\u00e9vm\u00e1sok jap\u00e1nul\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/nevmas-melleknev-japanul\/\">birtokos n\u00e9vm\u00e1sok jap\u00e1nul<\/a>\u00a0haszn\u00e1lja a r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9t\u00a0<acronym title=\"a\">\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0k\u00e9pz\u00e9se sor\u00e1n, kihaszn\u00e1lva e r\u00e9szecske birtokos funkci\u00f3j\u00e1t.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>Egy r\u00e9szecske sok funkci\u00f3val<\/h3>\n<p>A r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9k ellen\u00e9re\u00a0<acronym title=\"ni\">\u306b<\/acronym>\u00a0sok funkci\u00f3ja van, de most nem sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges mindegyiket ismern\u00fcnk. Egyel\u0151re el\u00e9g, ha a r\u00e9szecske h\u00e1rom alapvet\u0151 funkci\u00f3j\u00e1t ismerj\u00fck.\u00a0<acronym title=\"ni\">\u306b<\/acronym>K\u00f6zvetlen \u00e9rintkez\u00e9s, lokaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u00e9s k\u00f6zvetett t\u00e1rgy.<\/p>\n<h4>K\u00f6zvetlen kapcsolat<\/h4>\n<p>Azt fejezi ki, amikor k\u00e9t dolog nagyon k\u00f6zel van egym\u00e1shoz, k\u00f6zvetlen kapcsolatba ker\u00fcl egym\u00e1ssal. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kokuban ni ji o kaku - Bet\u0171ket (szavakat) \u00edrok a t\u00e1bl\u00e1ra.\">\u9ed2\u677f<span class=\"orange\" style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u306b<\/span>\u5b57\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Helysz\u00edn<\/h3>\n<p>Ebben az esetben a r\u00e9szecske\u00a0<acronym title=\"ni\">\u306b<\/acronym>\u00a0olyan ig\u00e9kkel egy\u00fctt haszn\u00e1latos, amelyeknek van l\u00e9t\u00e9rz\u00e9ke, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - lenni vagy l\u00e9tezni\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - lenni vagy l\u00e9tezni\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0vagy\u00a0<acronym title=\"sumu - \u00e9lni\">\u4f4f\u3080<\/acronym>. \u00cdgy a r\u00e9szecske\u00a0<acronym title=\"ni\">\u306b<\/acronym>\u00a0azt a helyet jel\u00f6li, ahol valami van vagy egyszer\u0171en csak \u00e9l.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"koko ni inu ga iru - Van itt egy kutya.\">\u3053\u3053<span class=\"orange\" style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u306b<\/span>\u72ac\u304c\u3044\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h4>K\u00f6zvetett t\u00e1rgy<\/h4>\n<p>A mondat k\u00f6zvetett t\u00e1rgy\u00e1t \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 partikul\u00e1val jel\u00f6lj\u00fck\u00a0<acronym title=\"ni\">\u306b<\/acronym>A jap\u00e1n mondatokban \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a k\u00f6zvetett t\u00e1rgy az, amelyik a cselekv\u00e9st kifejti. N\u00e9zz\u00fck meg az al\u00e1bbi mondatot:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"tarou ni bideo o ageru - Odaadtam a vide\u00f3t Tarou-nak.\">\u592a\u90ce<span class=\"orange\" style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u306b<\/span>\u30d3\u30c7\u30aa\u3092\u3042\u3052\u308b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Hogyan\u00a0<acronym title=\"Tarou.\">\u592a\u90ce<\/acronym>\u00a0tulajdonn\u00e9v, amelyet a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 r\u00e9szecske k\u00f6vet\u00a0<acronym title=\"ni\">\u306b<\/acronym>Meg\u00e9rtj\u00fck, hogy \u0151 az, aki megkapja a vide\u00f3t, \u00e9s elszenvedi az ige hat\u00e1s\u00e1t.<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>A lokaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u00e9s az instrumentalit\u00e1s r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9je<\/h3>\n<p>A r\u00e9szecske\u00a0<acronym title=\"a\">\u3067<\/acronym>A kifejez\u00e9snek sz\u00e1mos m\u00e1s jelent\u00e9se is lehet, de ebben a cikkben k\u00e9t alapvet\u0151 funkci\u00f3ra fogunk \u00f6sszpontos\u00edtani: a cselekv\u00e9s helye \u00e9s az eszk\u00f6z.<\/p>\n<h4>Hely, ahol a cselekv\u00e9s zajlik<\/h4>\n<p>Amikor a r\u00e9szecske\u00a0<acronym title=\"a\">\u3067<\/acronym>\u00a0a \"hely\" sz\u00f3val egy\u00fctt haszn\u00e1ljuk, hogy jelezz\u00fck, mi t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik a mondatban megjel\u00f6lt helyen. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"gakou de benkyousuru - Tanul\u00e1s az iskol\u00e1ban.\">\u5b66\u6821\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h4>Eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g<\/h4>\n<p>Ilyen esetekben a r\u00e9szecske\u00a0<acronym title=\"a\">\u3067<\/acronym>\u00a0arra szolg\u00e1l, hogy t\u00e1j\u00e9koztasson arr\u00f3l, hogy az ige \u00e1ltal jelzett cselekv\u00e9s egy eszk\u00f6z vagy seg\u00e9deszk\u00f6z seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"fooku de tabemashou - Egy\u00fcnk vill\u00e1val.\">\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30af\u3067\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"densha de iku - vonattal megyek.\">\u96fb\u8eca\u3067\u884c\u304f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>R\u00e9szecske az ir\u00e1ny megjel\u00f6l\u00e9s\u00e9re<\/h3>\n<p>A r\u00e9szecske\u00a0<acronym title=\"e\">\u3078<\/acronym>\u00a0\u00e1ltal\u00e1ban egy cselekv\u00e9s ir\u00e1ny\u00e1t jelzi, \u00e9s gyakran haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k ig\u00e9kkel egy\u00fctt.\u00a0<acronym title=\"kuru - ir\">\u884c\u304c\u304f,\u00a0<\/acronym><acronym title=\"kuru - j\u00f6nni\"><\/acronym>\u6765\u308b \u00e9s\u00a0<acronym title=\"kaeru - visszat\u00e9r\u00e9s\">\u5e30\u308b<\/acronym>; valamint n\u00e9h\u00e1ny m\u00e1s ig\u00e9t is.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Figyelj\u00fck meg, hogy a sz\u00f3tag hangz\u00e1sa\u00a0<acronym title=\"\u0151\">\u3078<\/acronym>amikor r\u00e9szecskek\u00e9nt haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k, a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151re v\u00e1ltozik\u00a0<strong>e<\/strong>\u00a0ugyan\u00fagy, mint a sz\u00f3tag\u00a0<acronym title=\"ha\">\u306f<\/acronym>\u00a0v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok a\u00a0<strong>wa<\/strong>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"wo\">\u3092<\/acronym>\u00a0v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok a\u00a0<strong>o<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><acronym title=\"nihon e iku - Jap\u00e1nba megyek.\">\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>K\u00f6zvetlen t\u00e1rgy r\u00e9szecske<\/h3>\n<p>A r\u00e9szecske\u00a0<acronym title=\"o\">\u3092<\/acronym>\u00a0a mondat k\u00f6zvetlen t\u00e1rgy\u00e1t jel\u00f6li, azt, aki az ige cselekv\u00e9s\u00e9t elszenvedi. Az al\u00e1bbi mondatban,\u00a0<acronym title=\"ringo - alma\">\u308a\u3093\u3054<\/acronym>\u00a0az, aki elszenvedi a cselekv\u00e9s a\u00a0<acronym title=\"taberu - enni\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00edgy azt a r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9vel kell jel\u00f6lni\u00a0<acronym title=\"o\">\u3092<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Ringo o taberu - Almaev\u00e9s.\">\u308a\u3093\u3054\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"ocha o nomu - Te\u00e1z\u00e1s\">\u304a\u8336\u3092\u98f2\u3080\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Egy m\u00e1sik r\u00e9szecske sok funkci\u00f3val<\/h3>\n<p>Az utaz\u00e1sunk befejez\u00e9sek\u00e9nt a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/alapveto-reszecskek-japanul\/\">a jap\u00e1n nyelv alapvet\u0151 r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9i<\/a>megismerj\u00fck a r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9t\u00a0<acronym title=\"a  c\u00edmre.\">\u3068<\/acronym>. B\u00e1r sz\u00e1mos funkci\u00f3ja van, besz\u00e9lj\u00fcnk a k\u00e9t legalapvet\u0151bbr\u0151l: az \u00e1tfog\u00f3 list\u00e1kr\u00f3l \u00e9s az id\u00e9zetekr\u0151l.<\/p>\n<h4>\u00c1tfog\u00f3 list\u00e1k<\/h4>\n<p>Az \u00e1tfog\u00f3 list\u00e1kat \u00fagy \u00e9rtelmezz\u00fck, mint egy t\u00e1rgyakb\u00f3l \u00e1ll\u00f3 lista kijelent\u00e9s\u00e9t, ahol az \u00f6sszes t\u00e1rgyat megeml\u00edtik. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul egy bev\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00f3lista egy \u00e1tfog\u00f3 lista, b\u00e1r nagy terjedelm\u0171 lista, ahol minden olyan dologr\u00f3l van egy lista, amit a piacon fogsz megvenni. Az ilyen list\u00e1kat az\u00e9rt nevezik \u00e1tfog\u00f3 list\u00e1knak, mert a list\u00e1n szerepl\u0151 \u00f6sszes t\u00e1rgyat megjegyezheted.<\/p>\n<p>A jap\u00e1n nyelvben egy \u00e1tfog\u00f3 list\u00e1t \u00fagy \u00e1ll\u00edtunk \u00f6ssze, hogy a r\u00e9szecske\u00a0<acronym title=\"a  c\u00edmre.\">\u3068<\/acronym>\u00a0a lista minden egyes objektuma k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"pen to kuruma to pan - Ceruza, aut\u00f3 \u00e9s keny\u00e9r.\">\u30da\u30f3\u3068\u8eca\u3068\u30d1\u30f3<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>A jap\u00e1n nyelvben k\u00f6nnyebb olyan kifejez\u00e9seket tal\u00e1lni, mint \"ceruza, toll \u00e9s pap\u00edr\", mint \"ceruza, toll \u00e9s pap\u00edr\". A jap\u00e1nok \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a\u00a0<acronym title=\"a  c\u00edmre.\">\u3068<\/acronym>\u00a0ahelyett, hogy vessz\u0151vel v\u00e1lasztan\u00e1 el az objektumokat.<\/p>\n<p>Ugyanez a haszn\u00e1lat akkor is el\u0151fordul, ha a lista elemei szem\u00e9lyek. Csakhogy ebben az esetben a t\u00e1rsas\u00e1g \u00e9rz\u00e9se van meg, az, hogy valamit egy\u00fctt csin\u00e1ltunk m\u00e1s emberekkel. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi to keiko wa nihon e iku - \u00c9n \u00e9s Keiko Jap\u00e1nba megy\u00fcnk.\">\u79c1\u3068\u4f73\u5b50\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>Id\u00e9zet<\/h3>\n<p>A r\u00e9szecske\u00a0<acronym title=\"a  c\u00edmre.\">\u3068<\/acronym>\u00a0gyakran haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k id\u00e9zetek k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re is, vagy arra, hogy elmondj\u00e1k, amit m\u00e1sok mondtak. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"&#039;ai shite iru&#039; to iu - Mondd (vagy mondd) &#039;Szeretlek&#039;\">\u300c\u611b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3046\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Figyelj\u00fck meg, hogy a fenti mondatban a \"\u300c\" \u00e9s a \"\u300d\" szimb\u00f3lumok a mi ford\u00edtott vessz\u0151inkk\u00e9nt jelzik a mondottakat. Ezut\u00e1n a r\u00e9szecske\u00a0<acronym title=\"a  c\u00edmre.\">\u3068<\/acronym>\u00a0az id\u00e9zet jel\u00f6l\u00e9s\u00e9re, amelyet a say ige k\u00f6vet (<acronym title=\"iu - mondani, besz\u00e9lni, elmondani\">\u8a00\u3046<\/acronym>).<\/p>\n<h2>K\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>Egyel\u0151re ennyit kell tudnunk a jap\u00e1n nyelv r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9ir\u0151l. Ezek a jap\u00e1n nyelv\u0171 sz\u00f6vegekben gyakran el\u0151fordul\u00f3 alaphaszn\u00e1latok.<\/p>\n<p>Id\u0151vel egyre m\u00e9lyebbre \u00e9s m\u00e9lyebbre fogunk mer\u00fclni tanulm\u00e1nyunkban, \u00e9s m\u00e1s, itt nem eml\u00edtett funkci\u00f3kat \u00e9s helyzeteket is komment\u00e1lni fogunk.<\/p>\n<h2>A kanji k\u00e9z\u00edr\u00e1s gyakorl\u00e1sa<\/h2>\n<p>Az al\u00e1bbiakban a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/hogyan-kell-irni-a-japan-kanji-betuket\/\">Jap\u00e1n ideogr\u00e1fiai szimb\u00f3lumok<\/a>\u00a0ebben a cikkben haszn\u00e1ltak. A k\u00edv\u00e1nt kanjik kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa m\u00e1sol\u00e1s \u00e9s beilleszt\u00e9s a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kana \u00e9s Kanji gyakorl\u00f3 feladatlap<\/a>\u00a0egy \u00faj ablak fog megny\u00edlni, ahol megtekintheti a nyomtathat\u00f3 f\u00e1jlt, \u00e9s gyakorolhatja a jap\u00e1n kalligr\u00e1fi\u00e1t a sz\u00fcrke szimb\u00f3lumok letakar\u00e1s\u00e1val, majd megpr\u00f3b\u00e1lhat egyed\u00fcl \u00edrni. Csak nyomtasd ki \u00e9s gyakorolj.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 231px\" border=\"0\" width=\"565\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5f7c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5973<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u884c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u79c1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u4eba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u65e5<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u672c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8179<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u75db<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u9ed2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u677f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5b57<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u66f8<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u4f4f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u72ac<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u592a<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u90ce<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u753b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u7a3f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u52c9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5f37<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98df<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u96fb<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8eca<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6765<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5e30<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8336<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98f2<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u4f73<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5b50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u611b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8a00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ismerd meg \u00e9s tanulj t\u00f6bbet a jap\u00e1n nyelv alapvet\u0151 r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9ir\u0151l! A partikul\u00e1k kis nyelvtani elemek, amelyeket \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a jap\u00e1n \u00e1b\u00e9c\u00e9 egyetlen sz\u00f3tagj\u00e1val, hiragan\u00e1val \u00edrnak, \u00e9s nincs konkr\u00e9t ford\u00edt\u00e1suk. A r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9k funkci\u00f3ja<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1733,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,74],"tags":[69,27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-particulas-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/particulas-basicas-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2447,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/como-formar-frases-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1729,"position":0},"title":"Hogyan kell mondatokat alkotni jap\u00e1nul","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"11 de okt\u00f3ber de 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda agora a\u00a0como formar frases em japon\u00eas! 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Como j\u00e1 estudamos\u00a0a ordem das palavras nas frases em japon\u00eas, sabemos que elas possuem uma organiza\u00e7\u00e3o inversa das palavras na l\u00edngua portuguesa. Nas frases em japon\u00eas, geralmente a ordem das palavras \u00e9\u00a0sujeito\u00a0+\u00a0objeto\u00a0(predicado ou resto da frase) +\u00a0verbo. Para ficar mais\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"O sujeito das frases em japon\u00eas - part\u00edcula WA ","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/ha-150x150.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1735,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/particulas-para-final-de-frases-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1729,"position":2},"title":"A jap\u00e1n nyelvben a mondatok v\u00e9g\u00e9re haszn\u00e1lt r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9k","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Saiba mais sobre as\u00a0Part\u00edculas para o final de frases em japon\u00eas! 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Part\u00edculas para o final de frases em japon\u00eas Apesar de possu\u00edrem significados semelhantes, essas part\u00edculas japonesas possuem caracter\u00edsticas bem particulares.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Part\u00edculas para o final de frases em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/particulas-para-final-de-frases-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1637,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/gramatica-japonesa-fundamental\/","url_meta":{"origin":1729,"position":3},"title":"Jap\u00e1n nyelvtani alapismeretek","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"7 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda mais sobre a\u00a0gram\u00e1tica japonesa fundamental para voc\u00ea estudante de nihongo! 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Dessa forma, podemos citar um conjunto de coisas existentes em algum lugar ou coisas que iremos fazer. Neste momento, muitos leitores devem estar lembrando da part\u00edcula japonesa\u00a0to, que tamb\u00e9m\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Gram\u00e1tica Japonesa&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Gram\u00e1tica Japonesa","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/gramatica-japonesa\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"A part\u00edcula YA em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/a-particula-ya-em-japones.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/a-particula-ya-em-japones.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/a-particula-ya-em-japones.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2820,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/particula-mo-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1729,"position":5},"title":"A MO r\u00e9szecske jap\u00e1nul","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"6 de janu\u00e1r de 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Em japon\u00eas, a fun\u00e7\u00e3o mais comum da part\u00edcula\u00a0mo\u00a0\u00e9 indicar uma esp\u00e9cie de similaridade entre palavras da mesma senten\u00e7a. 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