{"id":1741,"date":"2009-11-03T05:32:55","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T07:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1741"},"modified":"2018-03-18T22:21:37","modified_gmt":"2018-03-19T01:21:37","slug":"aru-es-iru-igek-japanul","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/verbos-aru-e-iru-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Az aru \u00e9s iru ig\u00e9k jap\u00e1nul"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"0ce2e1532cfed878672bf28fff76695e\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Tudjon meg t\u00f6bbet a\u00a0<strong>az aru \u00e9s iru ig\u00e9k jap\u00e1nul<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Az ig\u00e9k\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0k\u00e9t jap\u00e1n ige, amelyek jelent\u00e9se azonos, \u00e9s ugyan\u00fagy haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3k.<\/p>\n<p>Az alapvet\u0151 k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g e k\u00e9t ige k\u00f6z\u00f6tt az, hogy\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0akkor haszn\u00e1ljuk, ha a mondat alanya egy szem\u00e9ly vagy \u00e1llat (anim\u00e1lt t\u00e1rgy :D), a\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0akkor haszn\u00e1ljuk, ha a mondat alanya valami \u00e9lettelen vagy \u00e9lettelen dolog.<\/p>\n<h2>Az aru \u00e9s iru ig\u00e9k jap\u00e1nul<\/h2>\n<p>Tartsuk szem el\u0151tt ezt a k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9get, mert nagyon fontos, hogy tudjuk, mi a k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g e k\u00e9t ige k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/\">jap\u00e1n nyelv<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Mivel m\u00e9g nem eml\u00edtettem semmit az ig\u00e9k jap\u00e1n nyelvben val\u00f3 haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1r\u00f3l, bele\u00e9rtve az igek\u00f6t\u0151k ragoz\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s a mondatokban val\u00f3 elhelyezked\u00e9s\u00fcket, ezt a cikket arra fogom haszn\u00e1lni, hogy bemutassak n\u00e9h\u00e1ny fogalmat \u00e9s k\u00e9rd\u00e9st, amelyekr\u0151l m\u00e9g nem esett sz\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h2>Az ig\u00e9k haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1nak \u00f6sszefoglal\u00e1sa a jap\u00e1n nyelvben<\/h2>\n<p>A jap\u00e1n nyelvtan szerint a jap\u00e1n ig\u00e9k mindig a mondatok v\u00e9g\u00e9n jelennek meg, \u00edgy a mondatok alapszerkezete a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151.\u00a0<strong>alany+t\u00e1rgy vagy predik\u00e1tum+ige<\/strong>. Ami eg\u00e9szen m\u00e1s, mint a mi portug\u00e1l nyelv\u00fcnk, ahol van\u00a0<strong>alany+ige+predik\u00e1tum<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Portug\u00e1lul p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul \u00edgy sz\u00f3lna:<\/p>\n<p>\u00cdrok egy levelet (alany + ige + predik\u00e1tum vagy t\u00e1rgy).<\/p>\n<p>Jap\u00e1nul ugyanez a mondat \u00edgy hangzana:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi wa tegami o kaku - \u00cdrok egy levelet\">\u79c1\u306f\u624b\u7d19\u3092\u66f8\u304f<\/acronym>\u00a0(alany + predik\u00e1tum vagy t\u00e1rgy + ige)<\/p>\n<p>Figyelj\u00fck meg, hogy a jap\u00e1n mondat minden egyes eleme egy partikul\u00e1val van \u00f6sszekapcsolva, amely megmondja, hogy ki a mondat alanya, t\u00e1rgya (k\u00f6zvetlen vagy k\u00f6zvetett) \u00e9s hol van az ige. Tartsd \u00e9szben ezt a szerkezetet, mivel gyakorlatilag minden jap\u00e1n mondatban ezt haszn\u00e1ljuk.<\/p>\n<p>Az el\u0151z\u0151 cikkekben k\u00e9t t\u00e9m\u00e1t \u00edrtam a r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9k alapvet\u0151 haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1r\u00f3l. Ha \u00e9rdekel, javaslom, hogy olvasd el az al\u00e1bbi cikkeket:<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Az alapvet\u0151 r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9k jap\u00e1nul\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/alapveto-reszecskek-japanul\/\">Az alapvet\u0151 r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9k jap\u00e1nul<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"A jap\u00e1n nyelvben a mondatok v\u00e9g\u00e9re haszn\u00e1lt r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9k\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/particulas-para-final-de-frases-em-japones\/\">A jap\u00e1n nyelvben a mondatok v\u00e9g\u00e9re haszn\u00e1lt r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9k<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>A jap\u00e1n igek\u00f6t\u0151kr\u0151l<\/h2>\n<p>A jap\u00e1n nyelvben csak h\u00e1rom igeid\u0151 l\u00e9tezik: jelen, m\u00falt, negat\u00edv jelen \u00e9s negat\u00edv m\u00falt. A j\u00f6v\u0151 id\u0151t \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban speci\u00e1lis mondatszerkezettel, \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban id\u0151hat\u00e1roz\u00f3kkal val\u00f3s\u00edtjuk meg. De ez m\u00e1r a k\u00f6z\u00e9phalad\u00f3 jap\u00e1n nyelvtanfolyam t\u00e9m\u00e1ja, amely hamarosan el\u00e9rhet\u0151 lesz.<\/p>\n<p>A m\u00e1sik j\u00f3 h\u00edr a jap\u00e1n ig\u00e9kkel kapcsolatban, hogy v\u00e1ltozatlanok. Vagyis nem v\u00e1ltozik az alakjuk sz\u00e1m (t\u00f6bbes sz\u00e1m), nem (n\u0151nem\u0171 vagy h\u00edmnem\u0171) vagy szem\u00e9ly (egyes sz\u00e1m els\u0151 szem\u00e9ly, t\u00f6bbes sz\u00e1m stb.) szerint. Az ig\u00e9k hasonl\u00f3an m\u0171k\u00f6dnek, mint a\u00a0<a title=\"F\u0151nevek jap\u00e1nul\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/fonevek-japanul\/\">f\u0151nevek jap\u00e1nul<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>A rossz h\u00edr az, hogy a jap\u00e1n nyelvnek vannak form\u00e1lis szintjei. Ez azt jelenti, hogy minden igeid\u0151h\u00f6z k\u00e9tf\u00e9le ragoz\u00e1s l\u00e9tezik: egy form\u00e1lis \u00e9s egy inform\u00e1lis m\u00f3dban. Ez azt jelenti, hogy a jap\u00e1n nyelvben minden ig\u00e9nek legal\u00e1bb nyolc ragoz\u00e1sa van, \u00e9s n\u00e9h\u00e1ny speci\u00e1lis form\u00e1ja, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a mashou forma, a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/a-japan-igek-te-alakja\/\">form\u00e1ja<\/a>\u00a0\u00e9s n\u00e9h\u00e1ny m\u00e1s.<\/p>\n<p>Ne agg\u00f3dj, b\u00e1r ez egy kicsit ijeszt\u0151 lehet, a jap\u00e1n ig\u00e9k egyszer\u0171bbek, mint a legt\u00f6bb ember gondoln\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>Az aru \u00e9s az iru inform\u00e1lis m\u00f3dja<\/h3>\n<p>A jap\u00e1n ig\u00e9k inform\u00e1lis form\u00e1ja az \u00fagynevezett\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/modo-informal-dos-verbos-em-japones\/\">sz\u00f3t\u00e1ri forma<\/a>. Nev\u00e9t onnan kapta, hogy ez a jap\u00e1n sz\u00f3t\u00e1rakban haszn\u00e1lt ig\u00e9k hivatalos form\u00e1ja.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u00f3h\u00e9jban, az ig\u00e9k ragoz\u00e1sa\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0sz\u00f3t\u00e1r form\u00e1j\u00e1ban az al\u00e1bbi t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatban l\u00e1that\u00f3:<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\" align=\"center\">\n<caption><strong>Aru \u00e9s Iru ig\u00e9k ragoz\u00e1sa sz\u00f3t\u00e1ri form\u00e1ban<\/strong><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th width=\"26%\">Igeid\u0151<\/th>\n<th width=\"37%\">Aru ige ragoz\u00e1sa<\/th>\n<th width=\"37%\">Iru ige ragoz\u00e1sa<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Jelenlegi igenl\u0151 v\u00e1lasz<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"aru\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"iru\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#f2f2f2\">\n<td>M\u00faltbeli igenl\u0151<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"atta\">\u3042\u3063\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"itta\">\u3044\u3063\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Negat\u00edv jelen<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"nai\">\u306a\u3044<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"inai\">\u3044\u306a\u3044<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#f2f2f2\">\n<td>Negat\u00edv m\u00falt<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"nakatta\">\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"inakatta\">\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Ez a fajta konjug\u00e1ci\u00f3 nagyon eml\u00e9keztet a\u00a0<a title=\"Mell\u00e9knevek jap\u00e1nul\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/japan-melleknevek\/\">mell\u00e9knevek jap\u00e1nul<\/a>. Ugye?<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Az aru \u00e9s az iru form\u00e1lis m\u00f3dja<\/h3>\n<p>Az ig\u00e9k form\u00e1lis m\u00f3dj\u00e1t a jap\u00e1nban \u00fagy ismerj\u00fck, hogy\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/forma-masu-dos-verbos-em-japones\/\">masu forma<\/a>. A nev\u00e9t onnan kapta, hogy az \u00f6sszes ebben az id\u0151m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben konjug\u00e1lt ige a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 v\u00e9gz\u0151d\u00e9ssel szerepel\u00a0<acronym title=\"butu\">\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>az \u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1ban.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u00f3h\u00e9jban, az ig\u00e9k ragoz\u00e1sa\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0masu form\u00e1ban az al\u00e1bbi t\u00e1bl\u00e1zatban l\u00e1that\u00f3:<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\" align=\"center\">\n<caption><strong>Aru \u00e9s Iru ig\u00e9k ragoz\u00e1sa masu form\u00e1ban<\/strong><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Igeid\u0151<\/th>\n<th>Aru ige ragoz\u00e1sa<\/th>\n<th>Iru ige ragoz\u00e1sa<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Jelenlegi igenl\u0151 v\u00e1lasz<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"arimasu\">\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"imasu\">\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#f2f2f2\">\n<td>M\u00faltbeli igenl\u0151<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"arimashita\">\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"imashita\">\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Negat\u00edv jelen<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"arimasen\">\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"imasen\">\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#f2f2f2\">\n<td>Negat\u00edv m\u00falt<\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"arimasen deshita\">\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<td><acronym title=\"imasen deshita\">\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Hogyan haszn\u00e1ljuk az aru \u00e9s iru kifejez\u00e9seket jap\u00e1n mondatokban?<\/h2>\n<p>Miel\u0151tt elkezden\u00e9k mutatni n\u00e9h\u00e1ny p\u00e9ld\u00e1t az igehaszn\u00e1latra.\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0a jap\u00e1nban, \u00e9rdemes megjegyezni, hogy ezt a k\u00e9t ig\u00e9t gyakran haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k a\u00a0<a title=\"A mutat\u00f3 n\u00e9vm\u00e1sok a jap\u00e1nban\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/pronomes-demonstrativos-em-japones\/\">mutat\u00f3 n\u00e9vm\u00e1sok jap\u00e1nul<\/a>. Ez\u00e9rt aj\u00e1nlom ennek a cikknek az \u00e1ttekint\u00e9s\u00e9t is.<\/p>\n<p>Hogyan\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0a mondat sz\u00f6vegk\u00f6rnyezet\u00e9t\u0151l f\u00fcgg\u0151en k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 jelent\u00e9ssel b\u00edrhat, ez\u00e9rt megpr\u00f3b\u00e1lok p\u00e9ld\u00e1kat hozni a k\u00e9t ige leggyakoribb jelent\u00e9seire.<\/p>\n<h3>Aru \u00e9s iru ig\u00e9k jelent\u00e9se l\u00e9tezni<\/h3>\n<p>Amikor haszn\u00e1ljuk\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0A l\u00e9tez\u00e9s jelent\u00e9s\u00e9vel egy nagyon egyszer\u0171 mondatmint\u00e1t haszn\u00e1lhatunk a jap\u00e1n nyelvb\u0151l:\u00a0<strong>mutat\u00f3 n\u00e9vm\u00e1s +\u00a0<acronym title=\"ni - Helytart\u00f3\">\u306b<\/acronym>\u00a0+ t\u00e1rgy +\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga - t\u00e1rgymutat\u00f3 r\u00e9szecske\">\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0+ iru\/aru<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"koko ni sakana ga iru - Itt halak vannak.\">\u3053\u3053<span class=\"orange\">\u306b<\/span>\u9b5a<span class=\"orange\">\u304c<\/span>\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"soko ni pen ga arimasu - Ott van egy toll.\">\u305d\u3053<span class=\"orange\">\u306b<\/span>\u30da\u30f3<span class=\"orange\">\u304c<\/span>\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>A fenti mondatokban az ig\u00e9t haszn\u00e1ltuk a\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0mivel\u00a0<acronym title=\"sakana - hal\">\u9b5a<\/acronym>\u00a0egy \u00e9l\u0151l\u00e9ny. A m\u00e1sodik mondatban a form\u00e1lis m\u00f3dot haszn\u00e1ljuk.\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>mivel\u00a0<acronym title=\"toll - toll\">\u30da\u30f3<\/acronym>\u00a0egy\u00e1ltal\u00e1n nincs \u00e9lete.<\/p>\n<h3>Aru \u00e9s iru ig\u00e9k jelent\u00e9se lenni<\/h3>\n<p>Haszn\u00e1lat\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0\u00e9rtelemmel, a helymegjel\u00f6l\u00e9ssel, m\u00e1s mondatmint\u00e1t haszn\u00e1lhatunk:\u00a0<strong>t\u00e1rgy +\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa - t\u00e9ma\/t\u00e1rgy jelz\u0151 r\u00e9szecske\">\u306f<\/acronym>\u00a0+ hely\/hely hat\u00e1roz\u00f3sz\u00f3 +\u00a0<acronym title=\"ni - hely\u0151rz\u0151\">\u306b<\/acronym>\u00a0+ aru\/iru.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"yamadasan wa ie ni imasen deshita - Yamada \u00far nem volt otthon.\">\u5c71\u7530\u3055\u3093<span class=\"orange\">\u306f<\/span>\u5bb6<span class=\"orange\">\u306b<\/span>\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"hon wa teeburu no ue ni nai - A k\u00f6nyv nincs az asztalon.\">\u672c<span class=\"orange\">\u306f<\/span>\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u306e\u4e0a<span class=\"orange\">\u306b<\/span>\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h3>aru \u00e9s iru ig\u00e9k jelent\u00e9se: rendelkezni vagy birtokolni<\/h3>\n<p>B\u00e1r ez nem egy nagyon \"helyes\" m\u00f3dja a haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1nak.\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>Gyakran tal\u00e1lunk olyan mondatokat, amelyek ezt a modellt k\u00f6vetik:\u00a0<strong>t\u00e9ma\u00a0<acronym title=\"wa - t\u00e9ma-r\u00e9szecske.\">\u306f<\/acronym>\u00a0t\u00e1rgy vagy predik\u00e1tum\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga - alanyi r\u00e9szecske\">\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0aru\/iru<\/strong>. Ezekben az esetekben,\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0a valamivel val\u00f3 rendelkez\u00e9st jelenti.<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"boku wa conpyuuta ga arimasu - Van egy sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pem.\">\u50d5<span class=\"orange\">\u306f<\/span>\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf<span class=\"orange\">\u304c<\/span>\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"satomi-chan wa inu ga iru ne? - Szatominak van egy kuty\u00e1ja, ugye?\">\u91cc\u7f8e\u3061\u3083\u3093<span class=\"orange\">\u306f<\/span>\u72ac<span class=\"orange\">\u304c<\/span>\u3044\u308b\u306d\uff1f<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>B\u00e1r a fenti p\u00e9ld\u00e1khoz hasonl\u00f3 mondatokkal gyakran tal\u00e1lkozhatunk, a legjobb, ha az ig\u00e9ket haszn\u00e1ljuk.\u00a0<acronym title=\"motsu - birtokolni, birtokolni\">\u6301\u3064<\/acronym>\u00a0a t\u00e1rgyak \u00e9s\u00a0<acronym title=\"kau - birtokolni, birtokolni, \u00e1llatokkal egy\u00fctt, gondozni, nevelni...\">\u98fc\u3046<\/acronym>\u00a0\u00e1llatok eset\u00e9ben ahelyett, hogy a\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00d6sszefoglalva<\/h2>\n<p>Mikor haszn\u00e1ljunk ig\u00e9ket\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>Ha jap\u00e1nul tanulsz, mindig figyelj oda a mondat jelent\u00e9s\u00e9re. Nagyon gyakori, hogy a jap\u00e1n tanul\u00f3k csak az alany szerint haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k ezeket az ig\u00e9ket, \u00e9s elfelejtik a mondat jelent\u00e9s\u00e9t. \u00c9n is sok ilyen hib\u00e1t k\u00f6vettem el.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"sakanaya ni sakana ga arimasu. - A hal\u00e1rus boltj\u00e1ban halak vannak (d\u00f6gl\u00f6tt \u00e9s \u00e9lettelen).\">\u9b5a\u5c4b\u306b\u9b5a\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Az \u00f3ce\u00e1nban (\u00e9l\u0151) halak vannak.\">\u6d77\u6d0b\u306b\u9b5a\u304c\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>A k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g a k\u00e9t mondat k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a jelent\u00e9sben van, nem a szavakban. A halkeresked\u00e9sben vannak d\u00f6gl\u00f6tt halak, amelyeket meg lehet enni, \u00e9s \u00e9l\u0151 halak, amelyek a tengerben \u00faszk\u00e1lnak. Ez\u00e9rt haszn\u00e1ljuk a\u00a0<acronym title=\"aru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3042\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0egy mondatban \u00e9s\u00a0<acronym title=\"iru - l\u00e9tez\u0151, l\u00e9tez\u0151, rendelkez\u0151 \u00e9s l\u00e9tez\u0151\">\u3044\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0a m\u00e1sikban.<\/p>\n<h2>A kanji k\u00e9z\u00edr\u00e1s gyakorl\u00e1sa<\/h2>\n<p>Az al\u00e1bbiakban a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/hogyan-kell-irni-a-japan-kanji-betuket\/\">Jap\u00e1n ideogr\u00e1fiai szimb\u00f3lumok<\/a>\u00a0ebben a cikkben haszn\u00e1ltak. A k\u00edv\u00e1nt kanjik kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa m\u00e1sol\u00e1s \u00e9s beilleszt\u00e9s a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kana \u00e9s Kanji gyakorl\u00f3 feladatlap<\/a>\u00a0egy \u00faj ablak fog megny\u00edlni, ahol megtekintheti a nyomtathat\u00f3 f\u00e1jlt, \u00e9s gyakorolhatja a jap\u00e1n kalligr\u00e1fi\u00e1t a sz\u00fcrke szimb\u00f3lumok letakar\u00e1s\u00e1val, majd megpr\u00f3b\u00e1lhat egyed\u00fcl \u00edrni. Csak nyomtasd ki \u00e9s gyakorolj.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 141px\" border=\"0\" width=\"456\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u79c1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u624b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u7d19<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u66f8<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u9b5a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5c71<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u7530<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5bb6<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u672c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u4e0a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u50d5<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u7f8e<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u91cc<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6301<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u72ac<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98fc<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5c4b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6d77<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6d0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tudj meg m\u00e9g t\u00f6bb r\u00e9szletet az aru \u00e9s iru ig\u00e9kr\u0151l jap\u00e1nul! A \u3042\u308b \u00e9s \u3044\u308b ig\u00e9k a jap\u00e1n nyelvben k\u00e9t olyan ige, amelyek jelent\u00e9se azonos, \u00e9s ugyan\u00fagy haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3k. A k\u00e9t ige k\u00f6z\u00f6tti alapvet\u0151 k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1742,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/verbos-aru-e-iru-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2359,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/quando-usar-a-particula-ga\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":0},"title":"Mikor haszn\u00e1ljuk a GA r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9t","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"24 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Decidir quando usar a part\u00edcula GA ou qualquer outra part\u00edcula n\u00e3o \u00e9 quest\u00e3o de seguir uma regra. A resposta para esta quest\u00e3o depende de muitos fatores usados na constru\u00e7\u00e3o das frases e das outras part\u00edculas que usamos dentro de uma mesma senten\u00e7a. Em alguns casos, isso parece ser mais quest\u00e3o\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Part\u00edculas em Japon\u00eas&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Part\u00edculas em Japon\u00eas","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/particulas-em-japones\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Quando usar a part\u00edcula GA","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/quando-usar-a-particula-ga.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/quando-usar-a-particula-ga.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/quando-usar-a-particula-ga.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2132,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/forma-potencial-dos-verbos-japoneses\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":1},"title":"A jap\u00e1n ig\u00e9k potenci\u00e1lis alakja","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"4 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda mais sobre\u00a0a forma potencial dos verbos japoneses! A estrat\u00e9gia de usar a express\u00e3o\u00a0\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u00a0\u00e9 apenas um caminho para expressar a capacidade de exercer uma habilidade. Por isso,\u00a0\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u00a0\u00e9 considerado um caminho de uso rotineiro e informal, voltado para conversas mais casuais. A forma potencial dos verbos japoneses Em ocasi\u00f5es onde precisamos\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"a forma potencial dos verbos japoneses","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/forma-potencial-dos-verbos-japoneses.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1785,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/forma-te-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":2},"title":"Az ig\u00e9k TE alakja a jap\u00e1nban","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Conhe\u00e7a mais sobre a forma TE dos verbos em japon\u00eas! Hoje vamos conhecer a forma\u00a0\u3066dos verbos em japon\u00eas. A forma\u00a0\u3066\u00a0\u00e9 interessante porque n\u00e3o indica um tempo verbal por si mesmo, mas combinado com outros verbos, pode criar express\u00f5es em tempos verbais diferentes do que vimos at\u00e9 agora. 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Est\u00e1 p\u00e1gina funciona como um guia de estudos para o curso de japon\u00eas gr\u00e1tis do L\u00edngua Japonesa, onde qualquer interessado poder\u00e1 aprender japon\u00eas online gratuitamente. O objetivo \u00e9 reunir o m\u00e1ximo de conhecimento\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Como formar frases em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/nihongo_idioma.jpg?fit=477%2C296&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1751,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/modo-informal-dos-verbos-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":5},"title":"Az ig\u00e9k inform\u00e1lis m\u00f3dja a jap\u00e1nban","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de november de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda agora o\u00a0modo informal dos verbos em japon\u00eas! A forma simples de um verbo em japon\u00eas seria algo muito pr\u00f3ximo ao infinitivo dos verbos na l\u00edngua portuguesa. 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