{"id":2108,"date":"2009-11-04T06:21:42","date_gmt":"2009-11-04T08:21:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2108"},"modified":"2026-08-15T18:29:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T21:29:12","slug":"hogyan-mondjuk-el-japanul-hogy-szeretnenk-valamit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/como-dizer-que-quer-algo-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Hoshii (\u6b32\u3057\u3044) jap\u00e1nul: hogyan fejezd ki, hogy szeretn\u00e9l valamit"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ha azt szeretn\u00e9d mondani, hogy \u201cakarok valamit\u201d jap\u00e1nul, az egyik leghasznosabb szerkezet a <strong><span lang=\"ja\">N\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span> (N ga hoshii desu)<\/strong>. A <span lang=\"ja\">Szeretn\u00e9m<\/span> (\u307b\u3057\u3044, <em>hoshii<\/em>) sz\u00f3 azt jelzi, hogy egy dolgot k\u00edv\u00e1nsz: egy k\u00f6nyvet, szabadid\u0151t, lehet\u0151s\u00e9get vagy b\u00e1rmilyen m\u00e1s f\u0151nevet.<\/p>\n\n<p>A v\u00e1laszt\u00e1s megv\u00e1ltozik, ha a v\u00e1gy egy cselekv\u00e9sre vonatkozik. A \u201ccsin\u00e1lni akarok\u201d kifejez\u00e9shez a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/japan-igek-a-tai-alakban\/\">forma <span lang=\"ja\">szeretn\u00e9k<\/span> ig\u00e9k<\/a>. alakj\u00e1t haszn\u00e1ljuk. A \u201cazt akarom, hogy valaki csin\u00e1ljon valamit\u201d kifejez\u00e9shez pedig a <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span>. A k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g kicsinek t\u0171nik, de elker\u00fcli a zavaros mondatokat \u00e9s a k\u00e9r\u00e9seket, amelyek k\u00f6zvetlenebbnek hangzanak, mint ahogyan azt gondoltad.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Gyors v\u00e1lasz: hogyan mondd, hogy akarsz valamit jap\u00e1nul?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Haszn\u00e1ld a szerkezetet:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Szem\u00e9ly \u306f + dolog \u304c + <span lang=\"ja\">Szeretn\u00e9m<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Besz\u00e9lget\u00e9sekben a <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> t\u00e9m\u00e1t \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban elhagyj\u00e1k, ha m\u00e1r egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8f9e\u66f8\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Watashi wa atarashii jisho ga hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Egy \u00faj sz\u00f3t\u00e1rt akarok.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3082\u3046\u5c11\u3057\u6642\u9593\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Mou sukoshi jikan ga hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Szeretn\u00e9k egy kicsit t\u00f6bb id\u0151t.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4f55\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Nani ga hoshii desu ka.<\/em><br \/>Mit akarsz?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>A k\u00edv\u00e1nt t\u00e1rgy \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/mikor-kell-hasznalni-a-ga-reszecsket\/\">r\u00e9szecske <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span><\/a>. -vel j\u00e1r. Ez az alapminta, amit \u00e9rdemes megjegyezni: <span lang=\"ja\">\u6c34\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span>, nem <span lang=\"ja\">\u6c34\u3092\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Mit jelent a hoshii?<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">Szeretn\u00e9m<\/span> kontextust\u00f3l f\u00fcgg\u0151en ford\u00edthat\u00f3 \u00fagy, hogy \u201cakarni\u201d, \u201ck\u00edv\u00e1nni\u201d vagy \u201cszeretni birtokolni\u201d. B\u00e1r a portug\u00e1l ford\u00edt\u00e1sban gyakran ig\u00e9v\u00e9 v\u00e1lik, nyelvtanilag ez egy <strong>\u3044 mell\u00e9kn\u00e9v<\/strong>. Ez\u00e9rt a ragoz\u00e1sa ugyanazt a mint\u00e1t k\u00f6veti, mint az olyan szavak, mint <span lang=\"ja\">\u65b0\u3057\u3044<\/span> (\u00faj) \u00e9s <span lang=\"ja\">\u697d\u3057\u3044<\/span> (sz\u00f3rakoztat\u00f3).<\/p>\n\n<p>Ha ez a besorol\u00e1s m\u00e9g \u00faj sz\u00e1modra, tekintsd \u00e1t a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/i-melleknevek-japanul\/\">jap\u00e1n \u3044 mell\u00e9kneveket<\/a>. Ennek az alapnak a meg\u00e9rt\u00e9se sokkal kisz\u00e1m\u00edthat\u00f3bb\u00e1 teszi a <span lang=\"ja\">Szeretn\u00e9m<\/span> negat\u00edv \u00e9s m\u00falt idej\u0171 alakjait.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Hogyan ragozzuk a \u6b32\u3057\u3044-t<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Id\u0151 \u00e9s polarit\u00e1s<\/th><th>Forma<\/th><th>K\u00f6zel\u00edt\u0151 jelent\u00e9s<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Nem m\u00falt, \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">Szeretn\u00e9m<\/span><br \/><em>hoshii desu<\/em><\/td><td>akarom<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Nem m\u00falt, tagad\u00f3<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b32\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><em>hoshikunai desu<\/em><\/td><td>nem akarom<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>M\u00faltbeli igenl\u0151<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b32\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059<\/span><br \/><em>hoshikatta desu<\/em><\/td><td>szeretett volna \/ akart<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negat\u00edv m\u00falt<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">nem akartam<\/span><br \/><em>hoshikunakatta desu<\/em><\/td><td>nem akart \/ nem szeretett volna<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h3>P\u00e9ld\u00e1k \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 \u00e9s tagad\u00f3 form\u00e1ban<\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u65c5\u884c\u306e\u5199\u771f\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Ryokou no shashin ga hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Szeretn\u00e9m az utaz\u00e1sr\u00f3l k\u00e9sz\u00fclt f\u00e9nyk\u00e9peket.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kyou wa koohii ga hoshikunai desu.<\/em><br \/>Ma nem k\u00e9rek k\u00e1v\u00e9t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>P\u00e9ld\u00e1k m\u00falt id\u0151ben<\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3001\u72ac\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kodomo no toki, inu ga hoshikatta desu.<\/em><br \/>Gyerekkoromban szerettem volna egy kuty\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u524d\u306f\u8eca\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Mae wa kuruma ga hoshikunakatta desu.<\/em><br \/>Kor\u00e1bban nem akartam aut\u00f3t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>A jap\u00e1n nyelvben az \u00fagynevezett \u201cnem m\u00falt id\u0151\u201d besz\u00e9lhet a jelenr\u0151l \u00e9s a j\u00f6v\u0151beli helyzetr\u0151l is. Az id\u0151pont \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171v\u00e9 v\u00e1lik olyan szavakb\u00f3l, mint <span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca<\/span> (most), <span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5<\/span> (ma) vagy a sz\u00f6vegk\u00f6rnyezetb\u0151l.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>Mikor haszn\u00e1ljuk a \u304c-t \u00e9s mikor a \u306f-t a \u6b32\u3057\u3044-val<\/h2>\n\n<p>Semleges mondatban a, <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> jel\u00f6li azt, amit k\u00edv\u00e1nunk:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30d1\u30bd\u30b3\u30f3\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Atarashii pasokon ga hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Eu quero um computador novo.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> pode aparecer quando h\u00e1 contraste ou quando o item j\u00e1 \u00e9 o t\u00f3pico da conversa:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u30d1\u30bd\u30b3\u30f3\u306f\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30bf\u30d6\u30ec\u30c3\u30c8\u306f\u8981\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Pasokon wa hoshii desu ga, taburetto wa irimasen.<\/em><br \/>Eu quero um computador, mas n\u00e3o preciso de um tablet.<\/p>\n\n<p>Isso n\u00e3o transforma <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> em substituto autom\u00e1tico de <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span>. Para come\u00e7ar, memorize <span lang=\"ja\">N\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span> e use <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f<\/span> quando houver uma raz\u00e3o clara para topicalizar ou contrastar o substantivo.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Hoshii em frases casuais e educadas<\/h2>\n\n<p>A forma sem <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span>mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul <span lang=\"ja\">\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u9774\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span>, \u00e9 comum em conversas casuais e em pensamentos pessoais. Acrescentar <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> deixa a frase polida, mas n\u00e3o altera a flex\u00e3o de <span lang=\"ja\">Szeretn\u00e9m<\/span>: quem muda para o negativo ou o passado continua sendo o adjetivo.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kore ga hoshii.<\/em><br \/>Quero isto. (casual)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kore ga hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Quero isto. (polido)<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u6b32\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kore wa hoshikunai desu.<\/em><br \/>Isto eu n\u00e3o quero. (polido, com contraste)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 poss\u00edvel usar <span lang=\"ja\">\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304c<\/span> para apresentar uma necessidade ou desejo e deixar que o interlocutor responda. Em uma papelaria, por exemplo:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u767d\u3044\u7d19\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304c\u2026\u2026\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Shiroi kami ga hoshii n desu ga&#8230;<\/em><br \/>Eu gostaria de papel branco&#8230;<\/p>\n\n<p>A frase n\u00e3o termina com uma pergunta expl\u00edcita. O final <span lang=\"ja\">\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304c<\/span> cria espa\u00e7o para a outra pessoa oferecer ajuda, fazer uma pergunta ou indicar onde encontrar o item. Esse recurso \u00e9 \u00fatil quando o contexto torna o pedido previs\u00edvel, mas n\u00e3o substitui todas as formas de solicitar algo.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Hoshii significa \u201cquerer\u201d ou \u201cprecisar\u201d?<\/h2>\n\n<p>A tradu\u00e7\u00e3o mais segura de <span lang=\"ja\">Szeretn\u00e9m<\/span> \u00e9 \u201cquerer\u201d ou \u201cdesejar\u201d. Em portugu\u00eas, \u00e0s vezes traduzimos uma frase como \u201cpreciso de\u201d porque isso soa mais natural na situa\u00e7\u00e3o, mas essa equival\u00eancia depende do contexto.<\/p>\n\n<p>Hasonl\u00edtsd \u00f6ssze:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4f11\u307f\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Yasumi ga hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Eu quero uma folga \/ preciso de uma folga.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u30d1\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Pasupooto ga hitsuyou desu.<\/em><br \/>\u00c9 necess\u00e1rio ter um passaporte \/ preciso de um passaporte.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Na primeira frase, o falante expressa desejo. Na segunda, <span lang=\"ja\">\u5fc5\u8981<\/span> indica necessidade objetiva. Traduzir todo <span lang=\"ja\">Szeretn\u00e9m<\/span> como \u201cprecisar\u201d pode apagar essa diferen\u00e7a.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Hoshii e tai: qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a?<\/h2>\n\n<p>A diferen\u00e7a principal est\u00e1 no tipo de desejo:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">N\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span><\/strong>: quero uma coisa.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span lang=\"ja\">V\u307e\u3059 + \u305f\u3044<\/span><\/strong>: quero realizar uma a\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Hasonl\u00edtsd \u00f6ssze:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u672c\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Nihongo no hon ga hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Eu quero um livro de japon\u00eas.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Nihongo no hon o yomitai desu.<\/em><br \/>Eu quero ler um livro de japon\u00eas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Na primeira frase, o foco \u00e9 a coisa desejada: o livro. Na segunda, o foco \u00e9 a a\u00e7\u00e3o de ler. Para formar a segunda estrutura com seguran\u00e7a, veja tamb\u00e9m <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/hogyan-kell-mondatokat-alkotni-japanul\/\">como organizar frases em japon\u00eas<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como falar do desejo de outra pessoa?<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">Szeretn\u00e9m<\/span> descreve um estado interno. Por isso, \u00e9 mais natural us\u00e1-lo para o pr\u00f3prio desejo ou em perguntas dirigidas ao interlocutor. Ao afirmar o desejo de uma terceira pessoa, o japon\u00eas costuma indicar a fonte da informa\u00e7\u00e3o ou um comportamento observ\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Relatar o que a pessoa disse<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u7f8e\u54b2\u3055\u3093\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u81ea\u8ee2\u8eca\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Misaki-san wa atarashii jitensha ga hoshii to itte imasu.<\/em><br \/>Misaki diz que quer uma bicicleta nova.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Descrever um desejo percebido<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f1f\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u3092\u6b32\u3057\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Otouto wa atarashii geemu o hoshigatte imasu.<\/em><br \/>Meu irm\u00e3o mais novo est\u00e1 querendo um jogo novo.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b32\u3057\u304c\u308b<\/span> funciona como verbo e normalmente marca a coisa desejada com <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span>. A nuance \u00e9 \u201cdar sinais de que quer\u201d, n\u00e3o acessar diretamente o pensamento da pessoa. Em relatos, <span lang=\"ja\">\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/span> costuma ser a alternativa mais transparente.<\/p>\n\n<h2>O que significa V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Amikor <span lang=\"ja\">Szeretn\u00e9m<\/span> vem depois de um <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/a-japan-igek-te-alakja\/\">ige alakban <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span><\/a>, o sentido deixa de ser \u201cquero uma coisa\u201d e passa a ser <strong>\u201cquero que algu\u00e9m fa\u00e7a algo\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>A estrutura b\u00e1sica \u00e9:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Pessoa \u306b + objeto \u3092 + verbo na forma \u3066 + <span lang=\"ja\">Szeretn\u00e9m<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u307f\u306a\u3055\u3093\u306b\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Minasan ni kono hon o yonde hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Quero que todos leiam este livro.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u306b\u624b\u4f1d\u3063\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Tomodachi ni tetsudatte hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Quero que um amigo me ajude.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u6620\u753b\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono eiga o mite hoshii desu.<\/em><br \/>Quero que voc\u00ea veja este filme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Observe a forma correta <span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span>: o verbo <span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3080<\/span> fordul <span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3093\u3067<\/span> na forma <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span>. Formas como <span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span> est\u00e3o incorretas.<\/p>\n\n<h2>A V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044 parancs?<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u00e3o necessariamente. A estrutura expressa um desejo dirigido \u00e0 a\u00e7\u00e3o de outra pessoa. Dependendo da rela\u00e7\u00e3o, da entona\u00e7\u00e3o e da situa\u00e7\u00e3o, por\u00e9m, a forma direta <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span> pode soar forte, insistente ou exigente.<\/p>\n\n<p>Entre pessoas pr\u00f3ximas, ela pode ser natural:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u660e\u65e5\u306f\u65e9\u304f\u6765\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Ashita wa hayaku kite hoshii.<\/em><br \/>Quero que voc\u00ea venha cedo amanh\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n<p>Quando voc\u00ea est\u00e1 pedindo ajuda ou falando com algu\u00e9m pouco pr\u00f3ximo, uma formula\u00e7\u00e3o com <span lang=\"ja\">\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304c<\/span> apresenta o pedido de modo menos abrupto:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3001\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u898b\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304c\u2026\u2026\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Sumimasen, chotto mite hoshii n desu ga&#8230;<\/em><br \/>Com licen\u00e7a, eu gostaria que voc\u00ea desse uma olhada&#8230;<\/p>\n\n<p>Em situa\u00e7\u00f5es formais ou com superiores, prefira um pedido adequado ao grau de polidez, como <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3051\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/span>. Portanto, <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span> n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma constru\u00e7\u00e3o reservada a chefes, mas tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o \u00e9 automaticamente cort\u00eas s\u00f3 porque termina em <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Mini di\u00e1logo com V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304c<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304c\u2026\u2026\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Sumimasen, kono meeru o mite hoshii n desu ga&#8230;<\/em><br \/>Com licen\u00e7a, gostaria que voc\u00ea desse uma olhada neste e-mail&#8230;<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u306f\u3044\u3001\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3088\u3002\u3069\u3046\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Hai, ii desu yo. Dou shimashita ka.<\/em><br \/>Claro. O que aconteceu?<\/p>\n\n<p>A fala de A apresenta o pedido sem transformar <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span> em uma ordem. B aceita e pede mais contexto. Em uma situa\u00e7\u00e3o de atendimento ou diante de algu\u00e9m hierarquicamente superior, uma pergunta com <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3051\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/span> pode ser mais apropriada.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns com hoshii<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Haszn\u00e1lata <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> a  c\u00edmen. <span lang=\"ja\">N\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span>.<\/strong> Para uma coisa desejada, o padr\u00e3o b\u00e1sico \u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">N\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tratar <span lang=\"ja\">Szeretn\u00e9m<\/span> como verbo na conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/strong> Ele \u00e9 um adjetivo em \u3044: <span lang=\"ja\">Nem akarom<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">szerettem volna<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Haszn\u00e1lata <span lang=\"ja\">Szeretn\u00e9m<\/span> para \u201cquero fazer\u201d.<\/strong> Com a\u00e7\u00f5es pr\u00f3prias, use <span lang=\"ja\">V\u305f\u3044<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Colocar o verbo no passado antes de <span lang=\"ja\">\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span>.<\/strong> Para \u201cquero que leia\u201d, diga <span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span>, com a <span lang=\"ja\">forma \u3066<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Presumir o desejo de outra pessoa.<\/strong> Em afirma\u00e7\u00f5es sobre terceiros, cite o que ela disse ou use uma forma que indique observa\u00e7\u00e3o, como <span lang=\"ja\">\u6b32\u3057\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ignorar a rela\u00e7\u00e3o social.<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u4f55\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/span> \u00e9 poss\u00edvel, mas pode ser direto demais para perguntar a uma pessoa de posi\u00e7\u00e3o superior o que ela quer.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<h2>Gyors gyakorlat<\/h2>\n\n<p>Escolha entre <span lang=\"ja\">Szeretn\u00e9m<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">szeretn\u00e9k<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Eu quero uma c\u00e2mera nova.<\/li>\n<li>Eu quero tirar fotos em Kyoto.<\/li>\n<li>Eu quero que meu amigo veja estas fotos.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>V\u00e1laszok:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30ab\u30e1\u30e9\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Atarashii kamera ga hoshii desu.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eac\u90fd\u3067\u5199\u771f\u3092\u64ae\u308a\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kyouto de shashin o toritai desu.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u53cb\u3060\u3061\u306b\u3053\u306e\u5199\u771f\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Tomodachi ni kono shashin o mite hoshii desu.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>O resumo \u00e9 simples: <strong>coisa + <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044<\/span><\/strong>, <strong>a\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00f3pria + <span lang=\"ja\">szeretn\u00e9k<\/span><\/strong> e <strong>a\u00e7\u00e3o de outra pessoa + <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044<\/span><\/strong>. Ao dominar essa separa\u00e7\u00e3o, voc\u00ea passa a expressar desejos de forma muito mais clara em japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Gyakran ism\u00e9telt k\u00e9rd\u00e9sek<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-442738160f4db\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Mit jelent a hoshii jap\u00e1nul?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>A Hoshii (\u6b32\u3057\u3044) azt fejezi ki, hogy valaki szeretne birtokolni valamit. Az alapstrukt\u00fara N\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul \u65b0\u3057\u3044\u672c\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059: \u2018\u00daj k\u00f6nyvet szeretn\u00e9k\u2019.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-7b3b68894698c\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">A Hoshii ige vagy mell\u00e9kn\u00e9v?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u6b32\u3057\u3044 egy \u3044-mell\u00e9kn\u00e9v, b\u00e1r portug\u00e1lra \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a \u2018querer\u2019 ig\u00e9vel ford\u00edtj\u00e1k. Ez\u00e9rt ragoz\u00e1sa: \u6b32\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044, \u6b32\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f \u00e9s \u6b32\u3057\u304f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-c4a0ffd7c3180\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Melyik partikul\u00e1t haszn\u00e1ljuk a hoshii-vel?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>A k\u00edv\u00e1nt dolog megjel\u00f6l\u00e9s\u00e9hez az alapminta \u304c-t haszn\u00e1l: N\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044. A \u306f partikula megjelenhet a t\u00e9ma vagy kontraszt jelz\u00e9s\u00e9re, de a \u3092 nem haszn\u00e1latos a \u6b32\u3057\u3044 mell\u00e9kn\u00e9vvel ebben a szerkezetben.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-ddf6628a6ccf1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Mi a k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g a hoshii \u00e9s a tai k\u00f6z\u00f6tt?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>A N\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044 azt jelenti, hogy akarsz egy dolgot. A V\u305f\u3044 azt jelenti, hogy egy cselekv\u00e9st szeretn\u00e9l v\u00e9grehajtani. A \u672c\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044 jelent\u00e9se: \u2018k\u00f6nyvet akarok\u2019; a \u672c\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u305f\u3044 jelent\u00e9se: \u2018el akarok olvasni egy k\u00f6nyvet\u2019.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-26349b534c244\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Mit jelent a te hoshii?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>A V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044 azt jelenti, hogy a besz\u00e9l\u0151 azt akarja, hogy egy m\u00e1sik szem\u00e9ly v\u00e9grehajtson egy cselekv\u00e9st. A \u8aad\u3093\u3067\u307b\u3057\u3044 jelent\u00e9se \u2018azt akarom, hogy olvass\u2019; az ig\u00e9nek \u3066 alakban kell lennie.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d7f8e4d74d850\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">A V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044 parancs?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Nem defin\u00edci\u00f3 szerint. A szerkezet egy v\u00e1gyat fejez ki egy m\u00e1sik szem\u00e9ly cselekedet\u00e9re vonatkoz\u00f3an, de a k\u00f6zvetlen forma er\u0151snek hangozhat a kapcsolatt\u00f3l \u00e9s a kontextust\u00f3l f\u00fcgg\u0151en. A V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304c l\u00e1gy\u00edtja a k\u00e9r\u00e9s bemutat\u00e1s\u00e1t; form\u00e1lis helyzetekben udvariasabb forma lehet sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-eca324d584b26\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Hogyan mondd jap\u00e1nul, hogy valaki m\u00e1s akar valamit?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Besz\u00e1molhatsz arr\u00f3l, hogy mit mondott a(z) N\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 kifejez\u00e9ssel. A v\u00e1gy megfigyelhet\u0151 jeleinek le\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a \u6b32\u3057\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 gyakori, \u00e9s a k\u00edv\u00e1nt dolgot \u3092 partikul\u00e1val jel\u00f6li.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Forr\u00e1sok a tov\u00e1bbi elm\u00e9ly\u00fcl\u00e9shez<\/h2>\n\n<p>As explica\u00e7\u00f5es foram conferidas em materiais da Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Jap\u00e3o: a entrada <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00156\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span lang=\"ja\">N\u304c\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span> do Minna no Kyozai<\/a>, o <a href=\"https:\/\/a1.marugotoweb.jp\/ja\/appendix_06.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">quadro de flex\u00e3o dos adjetivos em \u3044 do Marugoto<\/a>, o cap\u00edtulo do Irodori sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/pre-intermediate\/pdf\/ZZ_L11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304c<\/span><\/a> e o artigo <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpf.go.jp\/j\/project\/japanese\/teach\/tsushin\/grammar\/201507.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Express\u00e3o de desejo<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tanuld meg haszn\u00e1lni a hoshii (\u6b32\u3057\u3044) kifejez\u00e9st, hogy kifejezd, hogy szeretn\u00e9l valamit jap\u00e1nul, ragozd a kifejez\u00e9st, \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztesd meg a \u305f\u3044, \u6b32\u3057\u304c\u308b \u00e9s \u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044 form\u00e1kat.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2117,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2108"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4434,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2108\/revisions\/4434"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2117"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}