{"id":2120,"date":"2009-11-04T06:24:41","date_gmt":"2009-11-04T08:24:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2120"},"modified":"2026-08-15T19:25:47","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T22:25:47","slug":"tervek-es-szandekok-a-tsumori-val","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/planos-e-intencoes-com-tsumori\/","title":{"rendered":"Tsumori (\u3064\u3082\u308a) jap\u00e1nul: tervek, sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k \u00e9s haszn\u00e1lat"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k<\/span> (<em>tsumori<\/em>)<\/strong> arra haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k, hogy egy sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kr\u00f3l vagy tervr\u0151l besz\u00e9lj\u00fcnk, ami m\u00e1r a fej\u00e9ben van. A leggyakoribb szerkezet a <strong>ige egyszer\u0171 alakja + <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/strong>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u50cd\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span> azt jelenti, hogy \u201cJap\u00e1nban sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kozom dolgozni\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p>Az alak, amely el\u00e9 ker\u00fcl, <span lang=\"ja\">sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k<\/span> teljesen megv\u00e1ltoztatja az \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9st. <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span> a men\u00e9s sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k\u00e1t fejezi ki; <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span>, a nem men\u00e9s sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k\u00e1t; <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>, egy sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k, ami a m\u00faltban l\u00e9tezett. Viszont a <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span> nem azt jelenti, hogy \u201cazt terveztem, hogy megyek\u201d: \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban azt jelzi, hogy a szem\u00e9ly \u00fagy hiszi, elment, vagy a cselekv\u00e9st megt\u00f6rt\u00e9ntnek tekinti.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Gyors v\u00e1lasz: hogyan haszn\u00e1ljuk a tsumori-t jap\u00e1nul?<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Szerkezet<\/th><th>F\u0151 haszn\u00e1lat<\/th><th>P\u00e9lda<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b + \u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td>azt tervezem, hogy csin\u00e1lom<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044 + \u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td>azt tervezem, hogy nem csin\u00e1lom<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b + \u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><td>azt terveztem, hogy csin\u00e1lom<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3046\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u305f + \u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><td>acredito ter feito \/ ajo como se tivesse feito<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u9001\u3063\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>O verbo vem na <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/a-japan-igek-informalis-alakjai\/\">forma simples, afirmativa ou negativa<\/a>. N\u00e3o se coloca a forma <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span> diretamente antes de <span lang=\"ja\">sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k<\/span>. Diga <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span>, \u00e9s nem a <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>O que significa tsumori?<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k<\/span> \u00e9 um substantivo formal que pode representar inten\u00e7\u00e3o, prop\u00f3sito, convic\u00e7\u00e3o ou a maneira como a pessoa entende uma situa\u00e7\u00e3o. No uso b\u00e1sico com um verbo no n\u00e3o passado, ele apresenta uma inten\u00e7\u00e3o que j\u00e1 existia antes do momento da fala.<\/p>\n\n<p>Por isso, <span lang=\"ja\">sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k<\/span> n\u00e3o costuma ser a melhor escolha para uma decis\u00e3o tomada naquele exato instante. Se algu\u00e9m pergunta \u201cVoc\u00ea tamb\u00e9m vai?\u201d e voc\u00ea decide na hora, uma resposta como <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u3082\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span> (\u201cEu tamb\u00e9m vou\u201d) \u00e9 mais natural. <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u3082\u884c\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span> sugere que voc\u00ea j\u00e1 tinha essa inten\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<p>Nos textos gramaticais, a grafia em hiragana <span lang=\"ja\">sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k<\/span> \u00e9 a forma mais clara e comum. Evite trocar automaticamente por <span lang=\"ja\">felhalmoz\u00f3d\u00e1s<\/span>, sobretudo em exemplos para iniciantes.<\/p>\n\n<h2>V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059: inten\u00e7\u00e3o de fazer algo<\/h2>\n\n<p>Use a forma de dicion\u00e1rio do verbo antes de <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">J\u00f6v\u0151re Jap\u00e1nba szeretn\u00e9k utazni.<\/span><br \/><em>Rainen, Nihon e iku tsumori desu.<\/em><br \/>Pretendo ir ao Jap\u00e3o no ano que vem.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5352\u696d\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u50cd\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Sotsugyou shitara, Nihon de hataraku tsumori desu.<\/em><br \/>Amikor v\u00e9gzek, Jap\u00e1nban tervezek dolgozni.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u9031\u672b\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30d1\u30bd\u30b3\u30f3\u3092\u8cb7\u3046\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Konshuumatsu, atarashii pasokon o kau tsumori desu.<\/em><br \/>Ezen a h\u00e9tv\u00e9g\u00e9n \u00faj sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pet tervezek venni.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> tedd udvariasabb\u00e1 a mondatot. K\u00f6tetlen besz\u00e9lget\u00e9sben a <span lang=\"ja\">\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3060<\/span> vagy, ha a kontextus m\u00e1r egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171, csak a <span lang=\"ja\">sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k<\/span>. A v\u00e9gz\u0151d\u00e9sek k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g \u00e1ttekint\u00e9s\u00e9hez l\u00e1sd: <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/mi-a-ser-ige-jelentese-japanul\/\"><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> jap\u00e1nul<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>V\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059: sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k, hogy nem tesz valamit<\/h2>\n\n<p>Az alapvet\u0151 tagad\u00e1s az ig\u00e9n van:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u304a\u9152\u3092\u98f2\u307e\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kyou wa osake o nomanai tsumori desu.<\/em><br \/>Ma nem tervezek alkoholt inni.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3057\u3070\u3089\u304f\u56fd\u306b\u5e30\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Shibaraku kuni ni kaeranai tsumori desu.<\/em><br \/>Egy ideig nem tervezek hazamenni.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>L\u00e9tezik m\u00e9g a <span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span>, ami sz\u00f3 szerint azt jelenti: \u201cnincs sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kom megtenni\u201d. Ez a szerkezet \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban er\u0151sebben tagadja a sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kot:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u8f9e\u3081\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Sono shigoto o yameru tsumori wa arimasen.<\/em><br \/>Nincs sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kom otthagyni ezt a munk\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n<p>Hasonl\u00edtsd \u00f6ssze az \u00e1rnyalatot: <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span> bemutatja a tervet, hogy nem megy; <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span> Vil\u00e1gosan elutas\u00edtja annak lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t vagy sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k\u00e1t, hogy menjen.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>Hogyan tegy\u00fck a tsumorit m\u00falt id\u0151be?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ha azt akarjuk mondani, hogy a sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k a m\u00faltban l\u00e9tezett, tartsuk meg az ig\u00e9t nem m\u00falt id\u0151ben, \u00e9s tegy\u00fck <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u3059<\/span> m\u00falt id\u0151be:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b + \u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6628\u65e5\u306f\u65e9\u304f\u5bdd\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kinou wa hayaku neru tsumori deshita.<\/em><br \/>Tegnap kor\u00e1n akartam lefek\u00fcdni.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8cb7\u3046\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u58f2\u308a\u5207\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Sono hon o kau tsumori deshita ga, urikirete imashita.<\/em><br \/>Meg akartam venni azt a k\u00f6nyvet, de elfogyott.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>A szerkezet a kor\u00e1bbi sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kr\u00f3l besz\u00e9l; nem \u00e1ll\u00edtja, hogy a cselekv\u00e9s megt\u00f6rt\u00e9nt. Az els\u0151 mondatban az illet\u0151 lehet, hogy k\u00e9s\u0151n fek\u00fcdt le. A m\u00e1sodikban a kontextusb\u00f3l tudjuk, hogy a v\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1s nem t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt meg.<\/p>\n\n<h2>V\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a nem a sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k m\u00falt ideje<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ez az a pont, ami a legt\u00f6bb zavart okozza. Amikor az ige a <span lang=\"ja\">\u305f<\/span> el\u00e9 a <span lang=\"ja\">sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k<\/span>, form\u00e1ban van, a jelent\u00e9s \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban \u201cazt hiszi, hogy megtette\u201d, \u201c\u00fagy v\u00e9li, hogy megtette\u201d vagy \u201c\u00fagy viselkedik, mintha megtette volna\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u9001\u3063\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u4e0b\u66f8\u304d\u306b\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Meeru o okutta tsumori deshita ga, shitagaki ni nokotte imashita.<\/em><br \/>Azt hittem, elk\u00fcldtem az e-mailt, de a piszkozatokban maradt.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4f1d\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Setsumei shita tsumori desu ga, tsutawatte inakatta you desu.<\/em><br \/>Azt hittem, elmagyar\u00e1ztam, de \u00fagy t\u0171nik, az \u00fczenet nem jutott el.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Mindk\u00e9t p\u00e9ld\u00e1ban k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g van a besz\u00e9l\u0151 \u00e9szlel\u00e9se \u00e9s a megfigyelt eredm\u00e9ny k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. Ez\u00e9rt:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>: azt sz\u00e1nd\u00e9koztam elmagyar\u00e1zni.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>: azt hittem, elmagyar\u00e1ztam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">V\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067<\/span> azt is jelentheti, hogy \u201cmintha megtette volna\u201d:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u65c5\u884c\u3057\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u304a\u91d1\u3092\u8caf\u91d1\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Ryokou shita tsumori de, sono okane o chokin shimasu.<\/em><br \/>Elteszem ezt a p\u00e9nzt, mintha elutaztam volna.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Tsumori, tai \u00e9s yotei: mi a k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g?<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Kifejez\u00e9s<\/th><th>K\u00f6zponti gondolat<\/th><th>P\u00e9lda<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>cselekv\u00e9s v\u00e1gya<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span><\/td><td>m\u00e1r megfontolt szem\u00e9lyes sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k vagy terv<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u4e88\u5b9a<\/span><\/td><td>objekt\u00edvebb program vagy el\u0151rejelz\u00e9s<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u3078\u884c\u304f\u4e88\u5b9a\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/japan-igek-a-tai-alakban\/\">forma <span lang=\"ja\">szeretn\u00e9k<\/span><\/a> azt mondja meg, mit akarsz csin\u00e1lni, m\u00e9g akkor is, ha m\u00e9g nincs konkr\u00e9t terved. <span lang=\"ja\">sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k<\/span> sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kot k\u00f6z\u00f6l. <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e88\u5b9a<\/span> olyan programk\u00e9nt vagy k\u00f6telezetts\u00e9gk\u00e9nt mutatja be, amelyet ak\u00e1r m\u00e1s is meghat\u00e1rozhatott.<\/p>\n\n<p>Hasonl\u00edtsd \u00f6ssze:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Jap\u00e1nban szeretn\u00e9k tanulni.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u5e74\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 J\u00f6v\u0151re Jap\u00e1nban tervezek tanulni.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6388\u696d\u306f\u56db\u6708\u306b\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u4e88\u5b9a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Az \u00f3r\u00e1k \u00e1prilisban fognak kezd\u0151dni.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Lehet m\u00e1s szem\u00e9lyr\u0151l is haszn\u00e1lni a tsumori-t?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Igen, ha ismert a sz\u00e1nd\u00e9ka. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u6765\u5e74\u4f1a\u793e\u3092\u8f9e\u3081\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Tanaka-san wa rainen kaisha o yameru tsumori desu.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka j\u00f6v\u0151re tervezi elhagyni a c\u00e9get.<\/p>\n\n<p>Mivel nincs k\u00f6zvetlen hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00fcnk m\u00e1s szem\u00e9ly gondolataihoz, sok helyzetben forr\u00e1sra vagy bizonytalans\u00e1got jelz\u0151 elemre van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u4f1a\u793e\u3092\u8f9e\u3081\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3060\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>Tanaka azt mondja, hogy el akarja hagyni a c\u00e9get.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u4f1a\u793e\u3092\u8f9e\u3081\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u306e\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/>\u00dagy t\u0171nik, Tanaka el akarja hagyni a c\u00e9get.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>A v\u00e1laszt\u00e1s att\u00f3l f\u00fcgg, hogyan jutott\u00e1l az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3hoz. Ez a k\u00f6r\u00fcltekint\u00e9s seg\u00edt abban is, hogy <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/hogyan-kell-mondatokat-alkotni-japanul\/\">term\u00e9szetesebb mondatokat alkoss jap\u00e1nul<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Egy\u00e9b haszn\u00e1latok: N\u306e\u3064\u3082\u308a \u00e9s \u306a mell\u00e9kn\u00e9v + \u3064\u3082\u308a<\/h2>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k<\/span> nem csak ig\u00e9k ut\u00e1n jelenik meg. F\u0151nevekn\u00e9l a <span lang=\"ja\">N\u306e\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span>; form\u00e1t haszn\u00e1ljuk; \u306a mell\u00e9knevekn\u00e9l pedig, <span lang=\"ja\">A\u306a\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span>. Ezekben az esetekben a jelent\u00e9s \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban \u201colyan \u00e1llapotban\u201d, \u201cazzal a meggy\u0151z\u0151d\u00e9ssel\u201d vagy \u201cazt gondolva, hogy\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u65c5\u884c\u306e\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u6e96\u5099\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Ryokou no tsumori de junbi shite imashita.<\/em><br \/>\u00dagy k\u00e9sz\u00fcltem, mintha utaz\u00e1sra menn\u00e9k.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u610f\u5916\u306b\u96e3\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kantan na tsumori deshita ga, igai ni muzukashikatta desu.<\/em><br \/>Azt hittem, egyszer\u0171 lesz, de meglep\u0151en neh\u00e9z volt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Kezd\u0151knek jobb el\u0151sz\u00f6r elsaj\u00e1t\u00edtani <span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span>. A t\u00f6bbi haszn\u00e1lat vil\u00e1gosabb\u00e1 v\u00e1lik, miut\u00e1n az alapstrukt\u00fara m\u00e1r automatikus.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Gyakori hib\u00e1k a tsumori-val.<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>T\u00e9ve <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span> el\u00e9 a <span lang=\"ja\">sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k<\/span>.<\/strong> Haszn\u00e1ld <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span>, nem <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span>. Az udvariass\u00e1g a v\u00e9g\u00e9n jelenik meg; l\u00e1sd m\u00e9g a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/a-japan-igek-masu-forma\/\">forma <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Haszn\u00e1lata <span lang=\"ja\">V\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> mint a sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k egyszer\u0171 m\u00falt ideje.<\/strong> \u201cSz\u00e1nd\u00e9k\u00e1ban \u00e1llt megtenni\u201d a <span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A nem cselekv\u00e9s sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k\u00e1nak \u00f6sszekever\u00e9se a meg nem val\u00f3sult cselekv\u00e9ssel.<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059<\/span> ez egy terv; <span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span> arr\u00f3l sz\u00e1mol be, hogy a szem\u00e9ly nem ment.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Haszn\u00e1lata <span lang=\"ja\">sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k<\/span> terv n\u00e9lk\u00fcli v\u00e1gy eset\u00e9n.<\/strong> Amikor csak v\u00e1gy l\u00e9tezik, <span lang=\"ja\">szeretn\u00e9k<\/span> \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban megfelel\u0151bb.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Haszn\u00e1lata <span lang=\"ja\">sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k<\/span> azonnali d\u00f6nt\u00e9s eset\u00e9n.<\/strong> A kifejez\u00e9s \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban m\u00e1r kialakult sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kot jelez.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00e1sok gondolatainak felt\u00e9telez\u00e9se.<\/strong> Amikor sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges, tegye hozz\u00e1 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059<\/span> vagy a forr\u00e1s m\u00e1s jelz\u00e9s\u00e9t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<h2>Mini p\u00e1rbesz\u00e9d<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u590f\u4f11\u307f\u306f\u4f55\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Natsuyasumi wa nani o suru tsumori desu ka.<\/em><br \/>Mit tervezel a ny\u00e1ri sz\u00fcnetben?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u3078\u884c\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u307e\u3060\u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u3092\u4e88\u7d04\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Hokkaidou e iku tsumori desu. Demo, mada hoteru o yoyaku shite imasen.<\/em><br \/>Hokkaid\u00f3ba tervezek menni. De m\u00e9g nem foglaltam sz\u00e1llod\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n<p>A v\u00e1lasz egy m\u00e1r kialakult sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kot k\u00f6z\u00f6l, de a m\u00e1sodik mondat azt mutatja, hogy a tervez\u00e9s m\u00e9g nem teljes. <span lang=\"ja\">sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k<\/span> nem garant\u00e1lja, hogy a cselekv\u00e9s meg fog t\u00f6rt\u00e9nni.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Gyors gyakorlat<\/h2>\n\n<p>Eg\u00e9sz\u00edtsd ki a megfelel\u0151 form\u00e1val:<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Minden nap jap\u00e1nul tervezek tanulni.<\/li>\n<li>Nem tervezek aut\u00f3t venni ebben az \u00e9vben.<\/li>\n<li>Tegnap fel akartam h\u00edvni, de elfelejtettem.<\/li>\n<li>Azt hittem, becsuktam az ajt\u00f3t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>V\u00e1laszok:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6bce\u65e5\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u4eca\u5e74\u306f\u8eca\u3092\u8cb7\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6628\u65e5\u3001\u96fb\u8a71\u3059\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5fd8\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u9589\u3081\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>\u0150rizd meg ezt a megk\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztet\u00e9st: <strong><span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> = sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k tenni<\/strong>, <strong><span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> = sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k nem tenni<\/strong>, <strong><span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/span> = m\u00faltbeli sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k<\/strong> e <strong><span lang=\"ja\">V\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a<\/span> = meggy\u0151z\u0151d\u00e9s, hogy megtette, vagy \u201cmintha megtette volna\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Gyakran ism\u00e9telt k\u00e9rd\u00e9sek<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-bda89b31f1ad2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Mit jelent a tsumori jap\u00e1nul?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>A \u3064\u3082\u308a sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kot, m\u00e1r megfontolt tervet vagy m\u00e1s mint\u00e1kban a szem\u00e9ly meggy\u0151z\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9t fejezi ki egy cselekv\u00e9sr\u0151l. A V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059 \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban azt jelenti, hogy \u2018azt tervezem, hogy megteszem\u2019.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d4d1d6e33eb91\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Melyik igeforma \u00e1ll a tsumori el\u0151tt?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Az ige egyszer\u0171 alakban \u00e1ll. Haszn\u00e1lja a sz\u00f3t\u00e1ri alakot az \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k kifejez\u00e9s\u00e9re, mint \u884c\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059, \u00e9s a \u306a\u3044 alakot a tagad\u00f3 sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k kifejez\u00e9s\u00e9re, mint \u884c\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d4fbbb1c372f1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Haszn\u00e1lhatom a masu form\u00e1t a tsumori el\u0151tt?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Nem. Mondd azt, hogy \u884c\u304f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059, \u00e9s ne azt, hogy \u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059. Az egyszer\u0171 forma a \u3064\u3082\u308a el\u0151tt \u00e1ll, m\u00edg a \u3067\u3059 a mondat v\u00e9g\u00e9t teszi udvariass\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-c2ccda15d119d\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Hogyan mondd el, hogy nem sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kozol megtenni valamit?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Haszn\u00e1lja a V\u306a\u3044\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059 kifejez\u00e9st a nem cselekv\u00e9s sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k\u00e1nak bemutat\u00e1s\u00e1ra. A V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093 szint\u00e9n lehets\u00e9ges, \u00e9s \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban er\u0151sebben tagadja a sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kot.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-bacf266d80c5c\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Hogyan tegy\u00fck a tsumorit m\u00falt id\u0151be?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>A m\u00faltbeli sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k kifejez\u00e9s\u00e9re haszn\u00e1ld a V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f vagy V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3060\u3063\u305f form\u00e1t. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a \u8cb7\u3046\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f azt jelenti, hogy \u2018meg akartam venni\u2019.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-2b41c7b2587fb\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Mit jelent a V\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>A V\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban azt jelzi, hogy a szem\u00e9ly \u00fagy hiszi, megtett valamit, vagy \u00fagy viselkedik, mintha megtette volna. A \u9001\u3063\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f jelent\u00e9se: \u2018azt hittem, hogy elk\u00fcldtem\u2019, nem pedig \u2018azt sz\u00e1nd\u00e9koztam elk\u00fcldeni\u2019.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-ec97697ef8218\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Mi a k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g a tsumori, tai \u00e9s yotei k\u00f6z\u00f6tt?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>A V\u305f\u3044 v\u00e1gyat fejez ki; a V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a szem\u00e9lyes sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kot vagy tervet mutat be; a V\u308b\u4e88\u5b9a egy objekt\u00edvabb programot vagy el\u0151rejelz\u00e9st mutat be.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-eca870e953690\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Tsumori besz\u00e9lhet valaki m\u00e1s terv\u00e9r\u0151l?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Igen, ha a sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k ismert. Ha az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3 nem k\u00f6zvetlen, jelezze a forr\u00e1st vagy a bizonytalans\u00e1got olyan form\u00e1kkal, mint \u3064\u3082\u308a\u3060\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 vagy \u3064\u3082\u308a\u306e\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Forr\u00e1sok a tov\u00e1bbi elm\u00e9ly\u00fcl\u00e9shez<\/h2>\n\n<p>A sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k, meggy\u0151z\u0151d\u00e9s, m\u00falt \u00e9s tagad\u00e1s k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9get a Jap\u00e1n Alap\u00edtv\u00e1ny cikkeiben ellen\u0151rizt\u00e9k a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpf.go.jp\/j\/project\/japanese\/teach\/tsushin\/grammar\/201212.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span lang=\"ja\">sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k<\/span>, 1. r\u00e9sz<\/a> e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpf.go.jp\/j\/project\/japanese\/teach\/tsushin\/grammar\/201303.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span lang=\"ja\">sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k<\/span>, 2. r\u00e9sz<\/a>. A kontraszt k\u00f6z\u00f6tt <span lang=\"ja\">szeretn\u00e9k<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\uff08\u3088\uff09\u3046\u3068\u601d\u3046<\/span> fel\u00fclvizsg\u00e1latra ker\u00fclt az anyagban <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary02\/pdf\/Z_L18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori \u2014 tervek \u00e9s rem\u00e9nyek a j\u00f6v\u0151re n\u00e9zve<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tanuld meg haszn\u00e1lni a tsumori (\u3064\u3082\u308a) kifejez\u00e9st jap\u00e1nul a sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k kifejez\u00e9s\u00e9re, egy terv tagad\u00e1s\u00e1ra, \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztesd meg a V\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f \u00e9s a V\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a form\u00e1kat.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2121,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2120","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2120","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2120"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2120\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4436,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2120\/revisions\/4436"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2121"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2120"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2120"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2120"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}