{"id":2132,"date":"2009-11-04T06:32:27","date_gmt":"2009-11-04T08:32:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2132"},"modified":"2026-08-15T17:29:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T20:29:12","slug":"bentuk-bentuk-potensial-dari-kata-kerja-bahasa-jepang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/forma-potencial-dos-verbos-japoneses\/","title":{"rendered":"Bentuk potensial kata kerja dalam bahasa Jepang: panduan praktis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A <strong>bentuk potensial dalam bahasa Jepang<\/strong> menunjukkan bahwa seseorang mampu melakukan suatu tindakan atau bahwa suatu tindakan mungkin dilakukan dalam kondisi saat itu. Misalnya, <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span> berarti \u201csaya bisa berbicara\u201d, sedangkan <span lang=\"ja\">\u4f7f\u3048\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span> dapat berarti \u201ctidak mungkin digunakan\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p>Bentuk ini sendiri tidak formal atau informal. Kesopanan bergantung pada akhiran: <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> termasuk dalam gaya sederhana dan <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span> dalam gaya sopan. Konstruksi <span lang=\"ja\">verba + \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> mengungkapkan makna serupa dan juga dapat muncul dalam kedua ragam tersebut.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Apa yang diungkapkan bentuk potensial?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Bentuk potensial, yang disebut <span lang=\"ja\">\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62<\/span> (<em>kan\u014dkei<\/em>), menyajikan suatu tindakan sebagai sesuatu yang mungkin. Konteks menunjukkan apakah kalimat tersebut berbicara tentang kemampuan seseorang, peluang, atau kondisi eksternal.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f \u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054\u304c \u306f\u306a\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Watashi wa nihongo ga hanasemasu.<\/em><br \/>Saya bisa berbicara bahasa Jepang.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u3067\u306f\u5199\u771f\u304c\u64ae\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e \u3073\u3058\u3085\u3064\u304b\u3093\u3067\u306f \u3057\u3083\u3057\u3093\u304c \u3068\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono bijutsukan de wa shashin ga toremasen.<\/em><br \/>Tidak mungkin mengambil foto di museum ini.<\/p>\n\n<p>Kalimat pertama menggambarkan kemampuan. Kalimat kedua menyajikan ketidakmungkinan yang disebabkan oleh aturan atau kondisi tempat tersebut. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kedua gagasan tersebut biasanya diterjemahkan dengan \u201cbisa\u201d atau \u201cdapat\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Bentuk potensial dan \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b apakah setara?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kedua konstruksi dapat menyatakan kemampuan dan kemungkinan. Tidak ada aturan yang menyatakan bahwa <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> harus informal dan bentuk potensial formal. Bandingkan:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Struktur<\/th><th>Gaya sederhana<\/th><th>Gaya sopan<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Bentuk potensial<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Bentuk potensial biasanya lebih ringkas. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> menjadikan tindakan eksplisit sebagai satu kesatuan \u2014 secara harfiah, \u201cmemungkinkan untuk melakukan tindakan\u2026\u201d. Oleh karena itu, sering muncul dalam penjelasan tentang layanan, aturan, sumber daya, dan aktivitas yang tersedia. Pilihan bergantung pada kalimat dan konteks, bukan pada pertentangan formalitas yang tetap.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Cara membentuk kata kerja dalam bentuk potensial<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pertama, identifikasi apakah kata kerja tersebut godan, ichidan, atau tidak beraturan. Jika pembagian ini belum jelas, tinjau kembali <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/kelompok-kelompok-kata-kerja-dalam-bahasa-jepang\/\">kelompok kata kerja bahasa Jepang<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Kata kerja godan: pindahkan dari kolom U ke kolom E dan tambahkan \u308b<\/h3>\n\n<p>Pada kata kerja godan, mora terakhir berubah menjadi padanan kolom E dan menerima <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Akhiran<\/th><th>Perubahan<\/th><th>Contoh<\/th><th>Bentuk potensial<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3046<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3048\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/span> (<em>kau<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3048\u308b<\/span> (<em>kaeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u304f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3051\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304f<\/span> (<em>kaku<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u3051\u308b<\/span> (<em>kakeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3050<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3052\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6cf3\u3050<\/span> (<em>oyogu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6cf3\u3052\u308b<\/span> (<em>oyogeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u3059<\/span> (<em>hanasu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> (<em>hanaseru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3064<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f85\u3064<\/span> (<em>matsu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f85\u3066\u308b<\/span> (<em>materu<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306c<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306d\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/span> (<em>shinu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b7b\u306d\u308b<\/span> (<em>shineru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3076<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3079\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u904a\u3076<\/span> (<em>asobu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u904a\u3079\u308b<\/span> (<em>asoberu<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3080<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3081\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3080<\/span> (<em>yomu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3081\u308b<\/span> (<em>yomeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> (<em>kaeru<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>kaereru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Kata kerja <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> berakhir dengan <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span>, mas \u00e9 godan. Por isso, forma <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c\u308b<\/span>, dan bukan <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>. A termina\u00e7\u00e3o visual sozinha n\u00e3o basta para descobrir o grupo.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Verbos ichidan: retire \u308b e acrescente \u3089\u308c\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>taberu \u2192 taberareru<\/em>) \u2014 conseguir comer;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308b \u2192 \u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>miru \u2192 mirareru<\/em>) \u2014 conseguir ver;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b \u2192 \u8d77\u304d\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>okiru \u2192 okirareru<\/em>) \u2014 conseguir acordar ou levantar-se.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>Verba tidak beraturan<\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> (<em>suru \u2192 dekiru<\/em>) \u2014 conseguir fazer;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>kuru \u2192 korareru<\/em>) \u2014 conseguir vir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Compostos em <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> seguem o mesmo padr\u00e3o: <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e88\u7d04\u3059\u308b<\/span> berbelok <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e88\u7d04\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3059\u308b<\/span> berbelok <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>Como conjugar um verbo potencial<\/h2>\n\n<p>Depois de formada, a maioria das formas potenciais se comporta como um verbo ichidan. Assim, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel criar negativa, passado e formas polidas com um padr\u00e3o regular. As p\u00e1ginas sobre a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/kata-kerja-modus-informal-dalam-bahasa-jepang\/\">bentuk sederhana dari kata kerja<\/a> dan <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/bentuk-masu-dos-verbos-em-japones\/\">bentuk \u307e\u3059<\/a> ajudam a revisar essas termina\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Fungsi<\/th><th><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/th><th><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Non-lampau afirmatif<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Non-lampau negatif<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Afirmatif masa lalu<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Masa lalu yang negatif<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Polido afirmativo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Polido negativo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h2>Kemampuan pribadi dan kemungkinan situasi<\/h2>\n\n<h3>Kemampuan atau keterampilan<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u59b9\u306f\u767e\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u6cf3\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3082\u3046\u3068\u306f \u3072\u3083\u304f\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb \u304a\u3088\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Im\u014dto wa hyaku m\u0113toru oyogemasu.<\/em><br \/>Minha irm\u00e3 consegue nadar cem metros.<\/p>\n\n<p>A frase descreve uma habilidade da pessoa. O mesmo racioc\u00ednio aparece em <span lang=\"ja\">\u6f22\u5b57\u304c\u8aad\u3081\u308b<\/span> (\u201cconseguir ler kanji\u201d) e <span lang=\"ja\">\u8eca\u3092\u904b\u8ee2\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> (\u201csaber\/conseguir dirigir\u201d).<\/p>\n\n<h3>Condi\u00e7\u00e3o, oportunidade ou permiss\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3067\u306f\u7121\u6599\u3067Wi-Fi\u304c\u4f7f\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e \u3068\u3057\u3087\u304b\u3093\u3067\u306f \u3080\u308a\u3087\u3046\u3067 \u30ef\u30a4\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u304c \u3064\u304b\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono toshokan de wa mury\u014d de waifai ga tsukaemasu.<\/em><br \/>Nesta biblioteca, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel usar Wi-Fi gratuitamente.<\/p>\n\n<p>A pessoa pode ou n\u00e3o ter uma habilidade especial; o ponto principal \u00e9 que o local oferece essa possibilidade. \u00c9 por isso que placas, guias e descri\u00e7\u00f5es de servi\u00e7os usam tanto a forma potencial quanto <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Devo usar a part\u00edcula \u304c ou \u3092?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Na transforma\u00e7\u00e3o ensinada a iniciantes, o objeto marcado por <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> costuma aparecer com <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> diante da forma potencial:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Falo japon\u00eas.<br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Consigo falar japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n<p>Esse \u00e9 um padr\u00e3o neutro e seguro. Por\u00e9m, frases com <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> tamb\u00e9m ocorrem na fala e na escrita contempor\u00e2neas, especialmente quando o falante mant\u00e9m a a\u00e7\u00e3o e seu objeto em foco. Portanto, <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> n\u00e3o deve ser descartada automaticamente como errada.<\/p>\n\n<p>Para come\u00e7ar, use <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> em afirma\u00e7\u00f5es neutras de capacidade e aprenda a reconhecer <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> em usos reais. O guia de <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/partikel-dasar-dalam-bahasa-jepang\/\">partikel dasar dalam bahasa Jepang<\/a> ajuda a revisar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o geral dessas marcas na frase.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como distinguir potencial e voz passiva<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nos verbos ichidan e em <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b<\/span>, a forma em <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> tamb\u00e9m pode ter valor passivo. O contexto e as part\u00edculas mostram a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u9b5a\u304c\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Watashi wa sakana ga taberaremasu.<\/em><br \/>Eu consigo comer peixe. <strong>(potencial)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u9b5a\u306f\u732b\u306b\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Sakana wa neko ni taberaremashita.<\/em><br \/>O peixe foi comido pelo gato. <strong>(passiva)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Pada kalimat pertama, <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> \u00e9 quem tem a capacidade. Na segunda, <span lang=\"ja\">\u9b5a<\/span> recebe a a\u00e7\u00e3o e <span lang=\"ja\">\u732b\u306b<\/span> indica o agente. Traduzir a termina\u00e7\u00e3o isoladamente n\u00e3o basta.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u898b\u308c\u308b e \u98df\u3079\u308c\u308b: o que \u00e9 \u3089\u629c\u304d?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Na fala, voc\u00ea tamb\u00e9m ouvir\u00e1 <span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308c\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308c\u308b<\/span>, formas em que o <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089<\/span> dari <span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> foi omitido. Esse fen\u00f4meno \u00e9 chamado <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089\u629c\u304d\u8a00\u8449<\/span> (<em>ranuki kotoba<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n<p>O uso \u00e9 real e difundido, sobretudo na l\u00edngua falada, mas a aceita\u00e7\u00e3o varia conforme regi\u00e3o, gera\u00e7\u00e3o e grau de formalidade. Para construir uma base est\u00e1vel e escrever em situa\u00e7\u00f5es mais cuidadosas, prefira primeiro as formas completas <span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>. Ao ouvir as vers\u00f5es sem <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089<\/span>, reconhe\u00e7a-as como varia\u00e7\u00f5es de uso, n\u00e3o como um novo grupo verbal.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Forma potencial, forma \u305f\u3044 e \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Bentuk<\/th><th>Pergunta principal<\/th><th>Contoh<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Potencial<\/td><td>\u00c9 poss\u00edvel? A pessoa consegue?<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> \u2014 Consigo falar japon\u00eas.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>A pessoa quer fazer?<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u305f\u3044<\/span> \u2014 Quero falar japon\u00eas.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/span><\/td><td>Vamos fazer juntos?<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/span> \u2014 Vamos falar japon\u00eas.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Capacidade, desejo e proposta s\u00e3o inten\u00e7\u00f5es diferentes. Para aprofundar o contraste, consulte a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/kata-kerja-dalam-bahasa-jepang-dalam-bentuk-tai\/\">forma \u305f\u3044 dos verbos<\/a> dan <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/bentuk-mashou-dos-verbos-em-japones\/\">forma \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns com a forma potencial<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tratar potencial como sin\u00f4nimo de formalidade:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> \u00e9 simples; <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span> \u00e9 polido.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dizer que \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b \u00e9 sempre informal:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span> \u00e9 uma constru\u00e7\u00e3o polida e perfeitamente normal.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Classificar todo verbo em \u3044\u308b ou \u3048\u308b como ichidan:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> \u00e9 godan e vira <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conjugar \u3059\u308b regularmente:<\/strong> a forma potencial \u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Proibir \u3092 em qualquer frase potencial:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> \u00e9 o padr\u00e3o did\u00e1tico neutro, mas <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> tamb\u00e9m aparece no uso real.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ignorar a ambiguidade de \u3089\u308c\u308b:<\/strong> em verbos ichidan, o contexto separa potencial e passiva.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Mini di\u00e1logo com capacidade e possibilidade<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Nihongo ga hanasemasu ka.<\/em><br \/>Voc\u00ea consegue falar japon\u00eas?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u5c11\u3057\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u6f22\u5b57\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u8aad\u3081\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Sukoshi hanasemasu. Demo, kanji wa amari yomemasen.<\/em><br \/>Consigo falar um pouco. Mas n\u00e3o consigo ler muitos kanjis.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u3067\u6f22\u5b57\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono apuri de kanji o shiraberu koto ga dekimasu yo.<\/em><br \/>\u00c9 poss\u00edvel consultar kanjis com este aplicativo.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306a\u3089\u8aad\u3081\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>S\u014d desu ka. Kore nara yomes\u014d desu.<\/em><br \/>Entendi. Assim, parece que vou conseguir ler.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcios de forma potencial<\/h2>\n\n<p>Converta cada verbo para a forma potencial simples. Depois, complete as frases.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304f<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u3059<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u5c11\u3057\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c ______\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308b<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u304b\u3089\u6d77\u304c ______\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Lihat jawaban<\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u3051\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<h2>Resumo e pr\u00f3ximos passos<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nos verbos godan, mude a mora final da coluna U para a coluna E e acrescente <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span>. Nos ichidan, retire <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span> e use <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>. Memorize tamb\u00e9m <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Depois da forma\u00e7\u00e3o, observe tr\u00eas pontos: o contexto separa habilidade de possibilidade; a termina\u00e7\u00e3o simples ou polida define o registro; e as part\u00edculas ajudam a interpretar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o dos participantes. Para conectar este tema ao restante do idioma, consulte os <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/tata-bahasa-jepang-dasar\/\">dasar-dasar tata bahasa Jepang<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Perguntas frequentes sobre a forma potencial<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-7cde76a66b534\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Untuk apa bentuk potensial dalam bahasa Jepang?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Bentuk potensial menyatakan bahwa seseorang dapat melakukan suatu tindakan atau bahwa tindakan tersebut mungkin terjadi dalam situasi tertentu. Konteks membedakan kemampuan, kesempatan, dan kondisi eksternal.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-491c126caf4ec\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Bagaimana mengubah kata kerja menjadi bentuk potensial?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Pada kata kerja godan, ubah akhiran kolom U menjadi kolom E dan tambahkan \u308b. Pada ichidan, hilangkan \u308b dan gunakan \u3089\u308c\u308b. Kata kerja tidak beraturan utama adalah \u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3067\u304d\u308b dan \u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-83d3db996eabf\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Apa perbedaan antara bentuk potensial dan \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Kedua konstruksi tersebut dapat mengekspresikan kemampuan dan kemungkinan. Bentuk potensial lebih ringkas; \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b membuat tindakan eksplisit sebagai satu kesatuan. Keduanya bisa sederhana atau sopan.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-186353a7f04f6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Haruskah saya menggunakan \u304c atau \u3092 dengan bentuk potensial?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u304c adalah pola netral yang biasanya diajarkan, seperti dalam \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059. Namun, \u3092 juga muncul dalam percakapan dan tulisan kontemporer dan tidak boleh dianggap otomatis salah.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d3ea5ae5e4b7a\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Apakah \u898b\u308c\u308b dan \u98df\u3079\u308c\u308b benar?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Bentuk-bentuk tanpa \u3089 ini umum dalam percakapan dan mewakili variasi yang disebut \u3089\u629c\u304d. Untuk dasar yang aman dan situasi yang lebih hati-hati, lebih baik gunakan dulu \u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b, \u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b, dan \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Fontes oficiais consultadas<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary02\/pdf\/Z_L05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori, li\u00e7\u00e3o 5 do n\u00edvel Elementary 2 \u2014 forma\u00e7\u00e3o e usos da forma potencial<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori, li\u00e7\u00e3o 5 do n\u00edvel Elementary 1 \u2014 constru\u00e7\u00e3o verbo + \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kotoba.ninjal.ac.jp\/qa\/yokuaru\/qa-51\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NINJAL \u2014 varia\u00e7\u00e3o entre \u304c e \u3092 com verbos potenciais<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bunka.go.jp\/kokugo_nihongo\/sisaku\/joho\/joho\/kakuki\/20\/tosin03\/09.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ag\u00eancia de Assuntos Culturais do Jap\u00e3o \u2014 hist\u00f3rico e varia\u00e7\u00e3o de \u3089\u629c\u304d\u8a00\u8449<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/a2-2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/detail\/topic8-sec16-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto \u2014 exemplos de forma potencial afirmativa e negativa<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pelajari cara membentuk dan menggunakan kata kerja dalam bentuk potensial, membedakan kemampuan dan kemungkinan, membandingkan \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b, dan memahami partikel \u304c dan \u3092.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2134,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2132"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2132\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4430,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2132\/revisions\/4430"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2132"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}