{"id":1098,"date":"2009-11-01T17:21:51","date_gmt":"2009-11-01T19:21:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1098"},"modified":"2026-08-08T19:54:53","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T22:54:53","slug":"%ec%9d%bc%eb%b3%b8%ec%96%b4-%ec%95%8c%ed%8c%8c%eb%b2%b3-%ed%9e%88%eb%9d%bc%ea%b0%80%eb%82%98-%eb%b0%8f-%ea%b0%80%ed%83%80%ec%b9%b4%eb%82%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ko\/alfabeto-japones-hiragana-e-katakana\/","title":{"rendered":"\uc77c\ubcf8\uc5b4 \uc54c\ud30c\ubcb3: \ud788\ub77c\uac00\ub098\uc640 \uac00\ud0c0\uce74\ub098 \ud45c"},"content":{"rendered":"

O chamado \uc77c\ubcf8\uc5b4 \uc54c\ud30c\ubcb3<\/strong> inclui dois conjuntos de sinais fon\u00e9ticos: o \ud788\ub77c\uac00\ub098<\/strong> \uadf8\uac74 \uac00\ud0c0\uce74\ub098<\/strong>. Os dois representam, em geral, os mesmos sons, mas s\u00e3o usados em contextos diferentes. Esta p\u00e1gina re\u00fane as tabelas b\u00e1sicas, a romaniza\u00e7\u00e3o e as principais regras de leitura dos kana.<\/p>\n\n

Em sentido t\u00e9cnico, hiragana e katakana n\u00e3o s\u00e3o alfabetos como o latino. Eles s\u00e3o sistemas de kana<\/em>: cada sinal normalmente representa uma mora, uma unidade r\u00edtmica do japon\u00eas. O termo \u201calfabeto japon\u00eas\u201d continua \u00fatil como express\u00e3o de busca e como explica\u00e7\u00e3o inicial, desde que essa diferen\u00e7a fique clara.<\/p>\n\n

Se voc\u00ea ainda n\u00e3o sabe como kana e kanji aparecem juntos, comece pela vis\u00e3o geral dos sistemas de escrita japonesa<\/a>. Aqui, o foco \u00e9 consultar e entender hiragana e katakana lado a lado.<\/p>\n\n

Para conhecer o contexto hist\u00f3rico, leia a \uc77c\ubcf8\uc5b4 \uc54c\ud30c\ubcb3\uc758 \uae30\uc6d0<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

\ud788\ub77c\uac00\ub098\uc640 \uac00\ud0c0\uce74\ub098\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uc810\uc740 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00\uc694?<\/h2>\n\n

\uadf8\ub9cc\ud07c \ud788\ub77c\uac00\ub098<\/strong> aparece em part\u00edculas, termina\u00e7\u00f5es gramaticais, palavras frequentemente escritas sem kanji e leituras de apoio chamadas \ud6c4\ub9ac\uac00\ub098<\/em>. O \uac00\ud0c0\uce74\ub098<\/strong> \u00e9 comum em empr\u00e9stimos de outros idiomas, nomes estrangeiros, onomatopeias, termos t\u00e9cnicos e efeitos de destaque.<\/p>\n\n

Para consultar cada conjunto separadamente, veja a \ud788\ub77c\uac00\ub098 \uc804\uccb4 \ud45c<\/a> \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 tabela completa de katakana<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Tabela b\u00e1sica de hiragana e katakana<\/h2>\n\n

A ordem tradicional segue as vogais a, i, u, e, o<\/em>. Depois v\u00eam as linhas formadas pela combina\u00e7\u00e3o dessas vogais com consoantes. Os espa\u00e7os na tabela indicam sons que n\u00e3o fazem parte do conjunto b\u00e1sico moderno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Linha<\/th>Romaniza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th>\ud788\ub77c\uac00\ub098<\/th>\uce74\ud0c0\uce74\ub098<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\ubaa8\uc74c<\/td>a, i, u, e, o<\/td>\u3042 \u3044 \u3046 \u3048 \u304a<\/td>\u30a2 \u30a4 \u30a6 \u30a8 \u30aa<\/td><\/tr>\n
K<\/td>ka, ki, ku, ke, ko<\/td>\u304b \u304d \u304f \u3051 \u3053<\/td>\u30ab \u30ad \u30af \u30b1 \u30b3<\/td><\/tr>\n
\uc5d0\uc2a4<\/td>sa, shi, su, se, so<\/td>\u3055 \u3057 \u3059 \u305b \u305d<\/td>\u30b5 \u30b7 \u30b9 \u30bb \u30bd<\/td><\/tr>\n
T<\/td>ta, chi, tsu, te, to<\/td>\u305f \u3061 \u3064 \u3066 \u3068<\/td>\u30bf \u30c1 \u30c4 \u30c6 \u30c8<\/td><\/tr>\n
\uc544\ub2c8\uc694<\/td>na, ni, nu, ne, no<\/td>\u306a \u306b \u306c \u306d \u306e<\/td>\u30ca \u30cb \u30cc \u30cd \u30ce<\/td><\/tr>\n
\uc2dc\uac04<\/td>ha, hi, fu, he, ho<\/td>\u306f \u3072 \u3075 \u3078 \u307b<\/td>\u30cf \u30d2 \u30d5 \u30d8 \u30db<\/td><\/tr>\n
\uc911<\/td>ma, mi, mu, me, mo<\/td>\u307e \u307f \u3080 \u3081 \u3082<\/td>\u30de \u30df \u30e0 \u30e1 \u30e2<\/td><\/tr>\n
Y<\/td>ya, yu, yo<\/td>\u3084 \u3086 \u3088<\/td>\u30e4 \u30e6 \u30e8<\/td><\/tr>\n
\uc544\ub974 \uc790\ud615<\/td>ra, ri, ru, re, ro<\/td>\u3089 \u308a \u308b \u308c \u308d<\/td>\u30e9 \u30ea \u30eb \u30ec \u30ed<\/td><\/tr>\n
W<\/td>wa, o<\/td>\u308f \u3092<\/td>\u30ef \u30f2<\/td><\/tr>\n
N \ucd5c\uc885<\/td>n<\/td>\uc751<\/td>\u3147<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

\u201c\uc6b0'\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \ud604\ub300 \uae30\ubcf8 \uac00\ub098 \ubb38\uc790\ub294 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \ud615\ud0dc\uc778 \u3090\/\u30f0 (wi<\/em>)\uc640 \u3091\/\u30f1 (we<\/em>)\ub3c4 \ud604\uc7ac \uc77c\uc0c1 \uc0ac\uc6a9 \ud45c\uc5d0\ub294 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8 \u3092\/\u30f2\ub294 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc785\ub825 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc6cc<\/em> \ub85c \ub85c\ub9c8\uc790 \ud45c\uae30\ub418\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud604\ub300 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\uc0ac\ub85c \uae30\ub2a5\ud560 \ub54c \uadf8\ub9cc\ud07c<\/em> \ub85c \ubc1c\uc74c\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n

\uac00\ub098 \ubc1c\uc74c \ubc29\ubc95<\/h2>\n\n

\ub85c\ub9c8\uc790 \ud45c\uae30\ub294 \ucd08\uae30\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub418\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubc1c\uc74c\uc744 \uc815\ud655\ud788 \uc7ac\ud604\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \ubabb\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ub514\uc624\uc640 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uac01 \uae30\ud638\ub97c \uc18c\ub9ac\uc640 \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\uc138\uc694. \ub124 \uac00\uc9c0 \ubc1c\uc74c\uc5d0 \uc8fc\uc758\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4: \u3057\ub294 \uc2dc<\/em>, \u3061\ub294 \uce58<\/em>, \u3064\ub294 \uce20<\/em> \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \u3075\ub294 \ubd80<\/em>, \ud3ec\ub974\ud22c\uac08\uc5b4\uc758 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \u201cf'\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \ubd80\ub4dc\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ub9c8\ucc30\uc74c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n

R \ud589 \u2014 \u3089, \u308a, \u308b, \u308c, \u308d \u2014 \uc740 \ud600\ub97c \uac00\ubccd\uac8c \uce58\ub294 \uc18c\ub9ac\ub85c, \ud3ec\ub974\ud22c\uac08\uc5b4\uc758 \uac15\ud55c R\uc774\ub098 L\uacfc \ub2e4\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u3093\uc758 \uc18c\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \uc18c\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c0\ubbc0\ub85c \ub2e8\uc5b4 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc30\uc6b0\uc138\uc694.<\/p>\n\n

\uadf8\ub9cc\ud07c \uc77c\ubcf8 \uc7ac\ub2e8 \uc774\ub85c\ub3c4\ub9ac\uc758 \uacf5\uc2dd \uac00\ub098 \ud45c<\/a>, \uae30\ubcf8 \ubb38\uc790, \uc870\ud569, \uc7a5\uc74c \ubc0f \ucd09\uc74c \uc608\uc2dc\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud45c\ub294 \uc774 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0\uc758 \ud615\ud0dc\uc640 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc790 \ud45c\uae30\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n

\ud0c1\uc74c\uacfc \ubc18\ud0c1\uc74c: \ubcc0\ud615\ub41c \uc18c\ub9ac<\/h2>\n\n

\uae30\ud638 \u309b\ub294 \ud0c1\uc74c<\/strong> \uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uba70 \uc77c\ubd80 \ud589\uc744 \uc218\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc791\uc740 \uc6d0 \u309c\ub294 \ubc18\ud0c1\uc74c<\/strong> \uc774\uba70 P \ud589\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4ed\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ud3ec\ub974\ud22c\uac08\uc5b4\uc758 \uc545\uc13c\ud2b8 \ubd80\ud638\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uadf8\ub798\ud53d \uc545\uc13c\ud2b8\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uac00\ub098\uc758 \uc74c\uac00\ub97c \ubc14\uafb8\ub294 \ud45c\uc2dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\ubcc0\ud658<\/th>Romaniza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th>\ud788\ub77c\uac00\ub098<\/th>\uce74\ud0c0\uce74\ub098<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
K \u2192 G<\/td>ga, gi, gu, ge, go<\/td>\u304c \u304e \u3050 \u3052 \u3054<\/td>\u30ac \u30ae \u30b0 \u30b2 \u30b4<\/td><\/tr>\n
S \u2192 Z<\/td>za, ji, zu, ze, zo<\/td>\u3056 \u3058 \u305a \u305c \u305e<\/td>\u30b6 \u30b8 \u30ba \u30bc \u30be<\/td><\/tr>\n
T \u2192 D<\/td>da, ji, zu, de, do<\/td>\u3060 \u3062 \u3065 \u3067 \u3069<\/td>\u30c0 \u30c2 \u30c5 \u30c7 \u30c9<\/td><\/tr>\n
H \u2192 B<\/td>ba, bi, bu, be, bo<\/td>\u3070 \u3073 \u3076 \u3079 \u307c<\/td>\u30d0 \u30d3 \u30d6 \u30d9 \u30dc<\/td><\/tr>\n
H \u2192 P<\/td>pa, pi, pu, pe, po<\/td>\u3071 \u3074 \u3077 \u307a \u307d<\/td>\u30d1 \u30d4 \u30d7 \u30da \u30dd<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

\ud604\ub300 \ud45c\uc900 \ubc1c\uc74c\uc5d0\uc11c \u3058\uc640 \u3062\ub294 \ubcf4\ud1b5 \uc9c0<\/em>, \u305a\uc640 \u3065\ub294 \ubcf4\ud1b5 \uc8fc<\/em>. \ub85c \ubc1c\uc74c\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud45c\uae30\ub97c \uc11c\ub85c \ubc14\uafd4 \uc4f8 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc774 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4: \uac01 \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub294 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \ud45c\uae30\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u3062\uc640 \u3065\uac00 \uc4f0\uc774\ub294 \ud615\ud0dc\ub294 \ub35c \ud754\ud558\uba70 \ud2b9\uc815 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uc640 \ud2b9\uc815 \ud615\ud0dc\ub860\uc801 \uacb0\ud569\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0a9\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n

Y\u014don: \uc791\uc740 \u3083, \u3085, \u3087\uc640\uc758 \uacb0\ud569<\/h2>\n\n

\uadf8\ub9cc\ud07c y\u014don<\/strong> I\ub2e8 \uac00\ub098\uc640 \uc791\uc740 \ud06c\uae30\uc758 \u3083, \u3085 \ub610\ub294 \u3087\ub97c \uacb0\ud569\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc1c\uc74c\uc740 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc5f0\uc18d\ub41c \uc74c\uc808\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\uba70, \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub41c \uc74c\uc808\uc774 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u304d\u3084 (kiya<\/em>) com \u304d\u3083 (kya<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\uadf8\ub8f9<\/th>\ud788\ub77c\uac00\ub098<\/th>\uce74\ud0c0\uce74\ub098<\/th>Romaniza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
K<\/td>\u304d\u3083 \u304d\u3085 \u304d\u3087<\/td>\u30ad\u30e3 \u30ad\u30e5 \u30ad\u30e7<\/td>kya, kyu, kyo<\/td><\/tr>\n
\uc5d0\uc2a4<\/td>\u3057\u3083 \u3057\u3085 \u3057\u3087<\/td>\u30b7\u30e3 \u30b7\u30e5 \u30b7\u30e7<\/td>sha, shu, sho<\/td><\/tr>\n
T<\/td>\u3061\u3083 \u3061\u3085 \u3061\u3087<\/td>\u30c1\u30e3 \u30c1\u30e5 \u30c1\u30e7<\/td>cha, chu, cho<\/td><\/tr>\n
\uc544\ub2c8\uc694<\/td>\u306b\u3083 \u306b\u3085 \u306b\u3087<\/td>\u30cb\u30e3 \u30cb\u30e5 \u30cb\u30e7<\/td>nya, nyu, nyo<\/td><\/tr>\n
\uc2dc\uac04<\/td>\u3072\u3083 \u3072\u3085 \u3072\u3087<\/td>\u30d2\u30e3 \u30d2\u30e5 \u30d2\u30e7<\/td>hya, hyu, hyo<\/td><\/tr>\n
\uc911<\/td>\u307f\u3083 \u307f\u3085 \u307f\u3087<\/td>\u30df\u30e3 \u30df\u30e5 \u30df\u30e7<\/td>mya, myu, myo<\/td><\/tr>\n
\uc544\ub974 \uc790\ud615<\/td>\u308a\u3083 \u308a\u3085 \u308a\u3087<\/td>\u30ea\u30e3 \u30ea\u30e5 \u30ea\u30e7<\/td>rya, ryu, ryo<\/td><\/tr>\n
G<\/td>\u304e\u3083 \u304e\u3085 \u304e\u3087<\/td>\u30ae\u30e3 \u30ae\u30e5 \u30ae\u30e7<\/td>gya, gyu, gyo<\/td><\/tr>\n
\uc81c\uc774<\/td>\u3058\u3083 \u3058\u3085 \u3058\u3087<\/td>\u30b8\u30e3 \u30b8\u30e5 \u30b8\u30e7<\/td>ja, ju, jo<\/td><\/tr>\n
\ube44<\/td>\u3073\u3083 \u3073\u3085 \u3073\u3087<\/td>\u30d3\u30e3 \u30d3\u30e5 \u30d3\u30e7<\/td>bya, byu, byo<\/td><\/tr>\n
\ud53c<\/td>\u3074\u3083 \u3074\u3085 \u3074\u3087<\/td>\u30d4\u30e3 \u30d4\u30e5 \u30d4\u30e7<\/td>pya, pyu, pyo<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

\u3063, \u30c3 e as consoantes geminadas<\/h2>\n\n

O \u3063 ou \u30c3 pequeno indica uma pausa breve antes da consoante seguinte. Na romaniza\u00e7\u00e3o, essa consoante costuma ser duplicada. Assim, \u304d\u3063\u3066 \u00e9 kitte<\/em> (\u201cselo\u201d) e \u30ab\u30c3\u30d7 \u00e9 kappu<\/em> (\u201ccopo\u201d ou \u201cx\u00edcara\u201d). O sinal pequeno precisa ser distinguido de \u3064\/\u30c4 em tamanho normal.<\/p>\n\n

Como representar vogais longas<\/h2>\n\n

No hiragana, a vogal longa pode ser escrita de maneiras diferentes conforme a palavra. Sons longos de E aparecem muitas vezes com \u3044, e sons longos de O, muitas vezes com \u3046, mas h\u00e1 exce\u00e7\u00f5es que precisam ser aprendidas com a grafia do voc\u00e1bulo. Por exemplo, \u305b\u3093\u305b\u3044 (\uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8<\/em>) cont\u00e9m um E longo e \u304c\u3063\u3053\u3046 (gakk\u014d<\/em>) cont\u00e9m um O longo.<\/p>\n\n

No katakana, o tra\u00e7o \u30fc \u00e9 usado com frequ\u00eancia: \u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc (k\u014dh\u012b<\/em>, \u201ccaf\u00e9\u201d) e \u30b1\u30fc\u30ad (k\u0113ki<\/em>, \u201cbolo\u201d). N\u00e3o ignore a dura\u00e7\u00e3o: uma vogal curta e uma longa podem distinguir palavras.<\/p>\n\n

Em que ordem estudar hiragana e katakana?<\/h2>\n\n

Cursos apresentam o hiragana primeiro, mas isso n\u00e3o \u00e9 regra. O \ub9c8\ub8e8 \uace0\ud1a0<\/a> afirma que a ordem entre hiragana e katakana pode variar e recomenda relacionar escrita, fala e vocabul\u00e1rio conhecido.<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  1. Aprenda as cinco vogais e reconhe\u00e7a o ritmo de cada mora.<\/li>\n
  2. Estude uma linha por vez, lendo e escrevendo palavras curtas.<\/li>\n
  3. Pratique hiragana e katakana sem depender apenas de romaji.<\/li>\n
  4. Acrescente dakuten, handakuten, y\u014don, \u3063\/\u30c3 e vogais longas.<\/li>\n
  5. Revise com \u00e1udio, leitura e digita\u00e7\u00e3o em frases reais.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    \uadf8\ub9cc\ud07c guia de estudos de hiragana e katakana<\/a> organiza as li\u00e7\u00f5es detalhadas. Depois, use o curso de japon\u00eas gr\u00e1tis para iniciantes<\/a> para integrar leitura, vocabul\u00e1rio, gram\u00e1tica e pr\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n\n

    Erros comuns ao come\u00e7ar<\/h2>\n\n