{"id":1648,"date":"2009-11-03T04:28:06","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:28:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1648"},"modified":"2026-08-10T20:53:34","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T23:53:34","slug":"wanneer-gebruik-je-nan-of-nani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/quando-usar-nan-ou-nani\/","title":{"rendered":"Nani en nan in het Japans: betekenis en wanneer te gebruiken"},"content":{"rendered":"

De kanji \u4f55<\/strong> betekent \u201cwat\u201d en heeft twee zeer frequente lezingen: \u306a\u306b (nani)<\/strong> e \u306a\u3093 (nan)<\/strong>. Gebruik in het algemeen nani<\/strong> wanneer \u4f55 functioneert als een vragend woord v\u00f3\u00f3r partikels zoals \u3092, \u304c en \u306b; gebruik nan<\/strong> v\u00f3\u00f3r \u3067\u3059, \u306e en v\u00f3\u00f3r veel telwoorden of eenheden, zoals \u6642, \u4eba, \u6b73 en \u679a.<\/p>\n\n

De keuze hangt niet af van formaliteit. Het hangt af van de structuur die na \u4f55 komt en, in sommige gevallen, van een reeds vastgestelde combinatie. Het leren van de meest voorkomende patronen is nuttiger dan proberen elk karakter afzonderlijk te vertalen.<\/p>\n\n

Wat betekenen nani en nan in het Japans?<\/h2>\n\n

Nani<\/strong> e nan<\/strong> zijn niet twee woorden met tegengestelde betekenissen. Het zijn lezingen van hetzelfde kanji, \u4f55<\/strong>, gebruikt om te vragen \u201cwat\u201d, \u201cwelke\u201d of \u201choeveel\u201d, afhankelijk van de constructie.<\/p>\n\n

Het basismateriaal Irodori van de Japan Foundation presenteert expliciet de twee lezingen van \u4f55<\/a>: \u306a\u3093<\/strong> met \u3067\u3059\u304b en in combinaties zoals \u4f55\u6b73 en \u4f55\u6642; \u306a\u306b<\/strong> met partikels in voorbeelden zoals \u4f55\u3092 en \u4f55\u304c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Gebruik voornamelijk<\/th>Patroon<\/th>Voorbeeld<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u306a\u306b (nani)<\/strong><\/td>\u4f55 + partikel, zoals \u3092, \u304c, \u306b, \u3082 en \u304b<\/td>\u4f55\u3092\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u306a\u3093 (nan)<\/strong><\/td>\u4f55 + \u3067\u3059\uff0f\u3060<\/td>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u306a\u3093 (nan)<\/strong><\/td>\u4f55 + telwoord, eenheid of vaste combinatie<\/td>\u4f55\u6642\u3001\u4f55\u4eba\u3001\u4f55\u6b73<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u306a\u3093 (nan)<\/strong><\/td>\u4f55 + \u306e<\/td>\u4f55\u306e\u672c\u3067\u3059\u304b<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

Deze tabel is een vuistregel voor beginners. Er zijn combinaties die als eenheid moeten worden geleerd, en \u4f55\u3067<\/strong> verdient speciale aandacht omdat de lezing de interpretatie kan veranderen.<\/p>\n\n

Wanneer gebruik je nani (\u306a\u306b)<\/h2>\n\n

Gebruik \u306a\u306b<\/strong> wanneer \u4f55 verschijnt als vragend voornaamwoord v\u00f3\u00f3r partikels die de functie in de zin aangeven. Dit komt vaak voor v\u00f3\u00f3r \u3092<\/strong>, \u304c<\/strong>, \u306b<\/strong> e \u3082<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

\u4f55\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u306a\u306b\u3092 \u306e\u307f\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nNani o nomimasu ka?<\/em>
\nWat ga je drinken?<\/p>\n\n

\u4f55\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u306a\u306b\u304c \u3072\u3064\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nNani ga hitsuy\u014d desu ka?<\/em>
\nWat is er nodig?<\/p>\n\n

\u4f55\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u306a\u306b\u306b \u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nNani ni shimasu ka?<\/em>
\nWelke ga je kiezen?<\/p>\n\n

Hetzelfde patroon verschijnt in \u4f55\u304b<\/strong> (nanika<\/em>, \u201ciets\u201d of \u201ceen of ander ding\u201d) en \u4f55\u3082<\/strong> (nanimo<\/em>. In negatieve zinnen, \u4f55\u3082<\/strong> costuma significar \u201cnada\u201d: \u4f55\u3082\u98df\u3079\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/strong> (Nanimo tabemasen<\/em>, \u201cN\u00e3o como nada\u201d). A Japan Foundation registra \u4f55\u304b como \u306a\u306b\u304b e \u4f55\u306b como \u306a\u306b\u306b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Para entender como essas palavras entram em uma pergunta completa, consulte o guia de vragen in het Japans<\/a> e a vis\u00e3o geral das Japanse deeltjes<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Quando usar nan (\u306a\u3093)<\/h2>\n\n

Gebruik \u306a\u3093<\/strong> antes de \u3067\u3059<\/strong> e \u3060<\/strong>. Nesse ambiente, a forma curta torna a pron\u00fancia natural:<\/p>\n\n

\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u3053\u308c\u306f \u306a\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nKore wa nan desu ka?<\/em>
\nWat is dit?<\/p>\n\n

\u3042\u308c\u306f\u4f55\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff1f<\/strong>
\n\u3042\u308c\u306f \u306a\u3093\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff1f
\nAre wa nan datta?<\/em>
\nO que era aquilo?<\/p>\n\n

Het artikel over \u3067\u3059 in het Japans<\/a> explica a diferen\u00e7a de registro entre \u3067\u3059 e \u3060 e suas formas flexionadas.<\/p>\n\n

Nan<\/strong> tamb\u00e9m aparece em v\u00e1rias combina\u00e7\u00f5es com contadores, tempo e quantidade:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Forma<\/th>Lezen<\/th>Betekenis<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u4f55\u6642<\/td>\u306a\u3093\u3058 \u2014 nanji<\/em><\/td>que horas<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u4f55\u4eba<\/td>\u306a\u3093\u306b\u3093 \u2014 nannin<\/em><\/td>quantas pessoas<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u4f55\u6b73<\/td>\u306a\u3093\u3055\u3044 \u2014 nansai<\/em><\/td>quantos anos de idade<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u4f55\u679a<\/td>\u306a\u3093\u307e\u3044 \u2014 nanmai<\/em><\/td>quantos objetos planos<\/td><\/tr>\n
\u4f55\u66dc\u65e5<\/td>\u306a\u3093\u3088\u3046\u3073 \u2014 nan-y\u014dbi<\/em><\/td>qual dia da semana<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

N\u00e3o basta ver um substantivo depois de \u4f55 e escolher nan automaticamente. Aprenda cada combina\u00e7\u00e3o frequente com sua leitura. O guia de kanji japon\u00eas<\/a> mostra como estudar leituras dentro de palavras e contextos, em vez de decorar valores isolados.<\/p>\n\n

Por que \u4f55\u306e se l\u00ea nanno?<\/h2>\n\n

A combina\u00e7\u00e3o \u4f55\u306e<\/strong> wordt gelezen \u306a\u3093\u306e (nanno)<\/strong> e pergunta \u201cque\u201d, \u201cqual\u201d ou \u201cde qu\u00ea\u201d diante de um substantivo:<\/p>\n\n

\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4f55\u306e\u672c\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u3053\u308c\u306f \u306a\u3093\u306e \u307b\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nKore wa nanno hon desu ka?<\/em>
\nQue livro \u00e9 este?<\/p>\n\n

\u4f55\u306e\u304a\u795d\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u306a\u3093\u306e \u304a\u3044\u308f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nNanno oiwai desu ka?<\/em>
\nQual \u00e9 a ocasi\u00e3o da comemora\u00e7\u00e3o?<\/p>\n\n

O segundo exemplo e sua leitura aparecem no Irodori em uma atividade sobre comemora\u00e7\u00f5es<\/a>. Ele mostra por que \u201cpart\u00edcula depois de \u4f55\u201d \u00e9 apenas uma orienta\u00e7\u00e3o inicial: \u306e<\/strong> forma uma combina\u00e7\u00e3o consagrada com \u306a\u3093<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

\u4f55\u3067: nanide ou nande?<\/h2>\n\n

Wanneer \u3067<\/strong> marca instrumento, meio ou transporte, a leitura ensinada de forma clara para iniciantes \u00e9 \u306a\u306b\u3067 (nanide)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n

\u5b66\u6821\u307e\u3067\u4f55\u3067\u6765\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u304c\u3063\u3053\u3046\u307e\u3067 \u306a\u306b\u3067 \u304d\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002
\nGakk\u014d made nanide kimasu ka?<\/em>
\nComo voc\u00ea vem at\u00e9 a escola? \/ Por qual meio voc\u00ea vem?<\/p>\n\n

Esse uso \u00e9 confirmado pelo Irodori ao explicar perguntas sobre meio e transporte<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Na fala cotidiana, \u306a\u3093\u3067 (nande)<\/strong> \u00e9 muito usado com o sentido de \u201cpor qu\u00ea\u201d. Como a escrita pode ser id\u00eantica, o contexto e a pron\u00fancia resolvem a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o. Para evitar ambiguidade ao perguntar a raz\u00e3o, iniciantes tamb\u00e9m podem usar \u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066 (d\u014dshite)<\/strong> of \u306a\u305c (naze)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

Por isso, a frase antiga \u3053\u306e\u30b1\u30fc\u30ad\u3092\u4f55\u3067\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b<\/strong>, com leitura \u306a\u306b\u3067<\/strong>, n\u00e3o pergunta \u201cqual bolo\u201d. Ela pergunta \u201cCom o que vamos comer este bolo?\u201d<\/strong>, por exemplo, com garfo ou colher.<\/p>\n\n

Erros comuns ao escolher nan ou nani<\/h2>\n\n