{"id":2132,"date":"2009-11-04T06:32:27","date_gmt":"2009-11-04T08:32:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2132"},"modified":"2026-08-15T17:29:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T20:29:12","slug":"potentiele-vorm-van-japanse-werkwoorden","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/forma-potencial-dos-verbos-japoneses\/","title":{"rendered":"Potenti\u00eble vorm van werkwoorden in het Japans: praktische gids"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A <strong>potenti\u00eble vorm in het Japans<\/strong> geeft aan dat iemand een actie kan uitvoeren of dat een actie mogelijk is onder de huidige omstandigheden. Bijvoorbeeld, <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span> betekent \u201cik kan spreken\u201d, terwijl <span lang=\"ja\">\u4f7f\u3048\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span> kan betekenen \u201chet is niet mogelijk om te gebruiken\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p>Deze vorm is op zichzelf niet formeel of informeel. De beleefdheid hangt af van de uitgang: <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> behoort tot de eenvoudige stijl en <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span> tot de beleefde stijl. De constructie <span lang=\"ja\">werkwoord + \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> drukt vergelijkbare betekenissen uit en kan ook in beide registers voorkomen.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Wat drukt de potenti\u00eble vorm uit?<\/h2>\n\n<p>De potenti\u00eble vorm, genaamd <span lang=\"ja\">\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62<\/span> (<em>kan\u014dkei<\/em>), presenteert een actie als mogelijk. De context laat zien of de zin spreekt over een vaardigheid van de persoon, een kans of een externe voorwaarde.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f \u306b\u307b\u3093\u3054\u304c \u306f\u306a\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Watashi wa nihongo ga hanasemasu.<\/em><br \/>Ik kan Japans spreken.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u3067\u306f\u5199\u771f\u304c\u64ae\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e \u3073\u3058\u3085\u3064\u304b\u3093\u3067\u306f \u3057\u3083\u3057\u3093\u304c \u3068\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono bijutsukan de wa shashin ga toremasen.<\/em><br \/>Het is niet mogelijk om foto's te nemen in dit museum.<\/p>\n\n<p>De eerste zin beschrijft een vaardigheid. De tweede presenteert een onmogelijkheid veroorzaakt door de regels of omstandigheden van de plaats. In het Nederlands worden beide idee\u00ebn meestal vertaald met \u201ckunnen\u201d of \u201cin staat zijn\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Zijn de potentiaalvorm en \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b equivalent?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Beide constructies kunnen capaciteit en mogelijkheid uitdrukken. Er is geen regel volgens welke <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> noodzakelijkerwijs informeel is en de potentiaalvorm formeel. Vergelijk:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Structuur<\/th><th>Eenvoudige stijl<\/th><th>Beleefde stijl<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Potentiaalvorm<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>De potentiaalvorm is meestal compacter. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> maakt de handeling expliciet als een eenheid \u2014 letterlijk, \u201chet is mogelijk om de handeling van... te doen\u201d. Daarom komt het vaak voor in uitleg over diensten, regels, bronnen en beschikbare activiteiten. De keuze hangt af van de zin en de context, niet van een vaste tegenstelling in formaliteit.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Hoe vorm je werkwoorden in de potentiaalvorm<\/h2>\n\n<p>Identificeer eerst of het werkwoord godan, ichidan of onregelmatig is. Als deze indeling nog niet duidelijk is, herzie dan de <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/japanse-werkwoordgroepen\/\">werkwoordgroepen in het Japans<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Godan-werkwoorden: ga van de U-kolom naar de E-kolom en voeg \u308b toe<\/h3>\n\n<p>Bij godan-werkwoorden verandert de laatste mora naar de corresponderende in de E-kolom en krijgt <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Einde<\/th><th>Verandering<\/th><th>Voorbeeld<\/th><th>Potentiaalvorm<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3046<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3048\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3046<\/span> (<em>kau<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3048\u308b<\/span> (<em>kaeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u304f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3051\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304f<\/span> (<em>kaku<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u3051\u308b<\/span> (<em>kakeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3050<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3052\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6cf3\u3050<\/span> (<em>oyogu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6cf3\u3052\u308b<\/span> (<em>oyogeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u3059<\/span> (<em>hanasu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> (<em>hanaseru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3064<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f85\u3064<\/span> (<em>matsu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f85\u3066\u308b<\/span> (<em>materu<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306c<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306d\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b7b\u306c<\/span> (<em>shinu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b7b\u306d\u308b<\/span> (<em>shineru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3076<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3079\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u904a\u3076<\/span> (<em>asobu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u904a\u3079\u308b<\/span> (<em>asoberu<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3080<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3081\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3080<\/span> (<em>yomu<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3081\u308b<\/span> (<em>yomeru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> (<em>kaeru<\/em>)<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>kaereru<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Het werkwoord <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> eindigt op <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span>, mas \u00e9 godan. Por isso, forma <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c\u308b<\/span>, en niet <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>. A termina\u00e7\u00e3o visual sozinha n\u00e3o basta para descobrir o grupo.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Verbos ichidan: retire \u308b e acrescente \u3089\u308c\u308b<\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>taberu \u2192 taberareru<\/em>) \u2014 conseguir comer;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308b \u2192 \u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>miru \u2192 mirareru<\/em>) \u2014 conseguir ver;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b \u2192 \u8d77\u304d\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>okiru \u2192 okirareru<\/em>) \u2014 conseguir acordar ou levantar-se.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>Onregelmatige werkwoorden<\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> (<em>suru \u2192 dekiru<\/em>) \u2014 conseguir fazer;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> (<em>kuru \u2192 korareru<\/em>) \u2014 conseguir vir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Compostos em <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> seguem o mesmo padr\u00e3o: <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e88\u7d04\u3059\u308b<\/span> draait <span lang=\"ja\">\u4e88\u7d04\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">studeren<\/span> draait <span lang=\"ja\">\u52c9\u5f37\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>Como conjugar um verbo potencial<\/h2>\n\n<p>Depois de formada, a maioria das formas potenciais se comporta como um verbo ichidan. Assim, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel criar negativa, passado e formas polidas com um padr\u00e3o regular. As p\u00e1ginas sobre a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/informele-japanse-werkwoorden\/\">eenvoudige vorm van werkwoorden<\/a> en de <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/masu-vorm-van-japanse-werkwoorden\/\">vorm \u307e\u3059<\/a> ajudam a revisar essas termina\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Functie<\/th><th><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/th><th><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Niet-verleden bevestigend<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Niet-verleden ontkennend<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Bevestigend verleden<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Negatief verleden<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Polido afirmativo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Polido negativo<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h2>Capacidade pessoal e possibilidade da situa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n<h3>Capacidade ou habilidade<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u59b9\u306f\u767e\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u6cf3\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3044\u3082\u3046\u3068\u306f \u3072\u3083\u304f\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb \u304a\u3088\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Im\u014dto wa hyaku m\u0113toru oyogemasu.<\/em><br \/>Minha irm\u00e3 consegue nadar cem metros.<\/p>\n\n<p>A frase descreve uma habilidade da pessoa. O mesmo racioc\u00ednio aparece em <span lang=\"ja\">\u6f22\u5b57\u304c\u8aad\u3081\u308b<\/span> (\u201cconseguir ler kanji\u201d) e <span lang=\"ja\">\u8eca\u3092\u904b\u8ee2\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> (\u201csaber\/conseguir dirigir\u201d).<\/p>\n\n<h3>Condi\u00e7\u00e3o, oportunidade ou permiss\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3067\u306f\u7121\u6599\u3067Wi-Fi\u304c\u4f7f\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e \u3068\u3057\u3087\u304b\u3093\u3067\u306f \u3080\u308a\u3087\u3046\u3067 \u30ef\u30a4\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u304c \u3064\u304b\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono toshokan de wa mury\u014d de waifai ga tsukaemasu.<\/em><br \/>Nesta biblioteca, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel usar Wi-Fi gratuitamente.<\/p>\n\n<p>A pessoa pode ou n\u00e3o ter uma habilidade especial; o ponto principal \u00e9 que o local oferece essa possibilidade. \u00c9 por isso que placas, guias e descri\u00e7\u00f5es de servi\u00e7os usam tanto a forma potencial quanto <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Devo usar a part\u00edcula \u304c ou \u3092?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Na transforma\u00e7\u00e3o ensinada a iniciantes, o objeto marcado por <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> costuma aparecer com <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> diante da forma potencial:<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Falo japon\u00eas.<br \/><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> \u2014 Consigo falar japon\u00eas.<\/p>\n\n<p>Esse \u00e9 um padr\u00e3o neutro e seguro. Por\u00e9m, frases com <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> tamb\u00e9m ocorrem na fala e na escrita contempor\u00e2neas, especialmente quando o falante mant\u00e9m a a\u00e7\u00e3o e seu objeto em foco. Portanto, <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> n\u00e3o deve ser descartada automaticamente como errada.<\/p>\n\n<p>Para come\u00e7ar, use <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> em afirma\u00e7\u00f5es neutras de capacidade e aprenda a reconhecer <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> em usos reais. O guia de <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/basisdeeltjes-in-het-japans\/\">basisdeeltjes in het Japans<\/a> ajuda a revisar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o geral dessas marcas na frase.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como distinguir potencial e voz passiva<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nos verbos ichidan e em <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b<\/span>, a forma em <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> tamb\u00e9m pode ter valor passivo. O contexto e as part\u00edculas mostram a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u9b5a\u304c\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Watashi wa sakana ga taberaremasu.<\/em><br \/>Eu consigo comer peixe. <strong>(potencial)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u9b5a\u306f\u732b\u306b\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em>Sakana wa neko ni taberaremashita.<\/em><br \/>O peixe foi comido pelo gato. <strong>(passiva)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>In de eerste zin is, <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1<\/span> \u00e9 quem tem a capacidade. Na segunda, <span lang=\"ja\">\u9b5a<\/span> recebe a a\u00e7\u00e3o e <span lang=\"ja\">\u732b\u306b<\/span> indica o agente. Traduzir a termina\u00e7\u00e3o isoladamente n\u00e3o basta.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u898b\u308c\u308b e \u98df\u3079\u308c\u308b: o que \u00e9 \u3089\u629c\u304d?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Na fala, voc\u00ea tamb\u00e9m ouvir\u00e1 <span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308c\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308c\u308b<\/span>, formas em que o <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089<\/span> van <span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> foi omitido. Esse fen\u00f4meno \u00e9 chamado <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089\u629c\u304d\u8a00\u8449<\/span> (<em>ranuki kotoba<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n<p>O uso \u00e9 real e difundido, sobretudo na l\u00edngua falada, mas a aceita\u00e7\u00e3o varia conforme regi\u00e3o, gera\u00e7\u00e3o e grau de formalidade. Para construir uma base est\u00e1vel e escrever em situa\u00e7\u00f5es mais cuidadosas, prefira primeiro as formas completas <span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>. Ao ouvir as vers\u00f5es sem <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089<\/span>, reconhe\u00e7a-as como varia\u00e7\u00f5es de uso, n\u00e3o como um novo grupo verbal.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Forma potencial, forma \u305f\u3044 e \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Vorm<\/th><th>Pergunta principal<\/th><th>Voorbeeld<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Potencial<\/td><td>\u00c9 poss\u00edvel? A pessoa consegue?<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> \u2014 Consigo falar japon\u00eas.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u305f\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>A pessoa quer fazer?<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u305f\u3044<\/span> \u2014 Quero falar japon\u00eas.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/span><\/td><td>Vamos fazer juntos?<\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/span> \u2014 Vamos falar japon\u00eas.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Capacidade, desejo e proposta s\u00e3o inten\u00e7\u00f5es diferentes. Para aprofundar o contraste, consulte a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/werkwoorden-in-het-japans-in-de-tai-vorm\/\">forma \u305f\u3044 dos verbos<\/a> en de <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/formulier-mashou-dos-verbos-em-japones\/\">vorm \u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns com a forma potencial<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tratar potencial como sin\u00f4nimo de formalidade:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span> \u00e9 simples; <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059<\/span> \u00e9 polido.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dizer que \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b \u00e9 sempre informal:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/span> \u00e9 uma constru\u00e7\u00e3o polida e perfeitamente normal.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Classificar todo verbo em \u3044\u308b ou \u3048\u308b como ichidan:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> \u00e9 godan e vira <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308c\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conjugar \u3059\u308b regularmente:<\/strong> a forma potencial \u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Proibir \u3092 em qualquer frase potencial:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u304c<\/span> \u00e9 o padr\u00e3o did\u00e1tico neutro, mas <span lang=\"ja\">\u3092<\/span> tamb\u00e9m aparece no uso real.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ignorar a ambiguidade de \u3089\u308c\u308b:<\/strong> em verbos ichidan, o contexto separa potencial e passiva.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>Mini di\u00e1logo com capacidade e possibilidade<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Nihongo ga hanasemasu ka.<\/em><br \/>Voc\u00ea consegue falar japon\u00eas?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u5c11\u3057\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3082\u3001\u6f22\u5b57\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u8aad\u3081\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Sukoshi hanasemasu. Demo, kanji wa amari yomemasen.<\/em><br \/>Consigo falar um pouco. Mas n\u00e3o consigo ler muitos kanjis.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u3067\u6f22\u5b57\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>Kono apuri de kanji o shiraberu koto ga dekimasu yo.<\/em><br \/>\u00c9 poss\u00edvel consultar kanjis com este aplicativo.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306a\u3089\u8aad\u3081\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><br \/><em>S\u014d desu ka. Kore nara yomes\u014d desu.<\/em><br \/>Entendi. Assim, parece que vou conseguir ler.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Exerc\u00edcios de forma potencial<\/h2>\n\n<p>Converta cada verbo para a forma potencial simples. Depois, complete as frases.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304f<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> \u2192 ______<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u3059<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u79c1\u306f\u5c11\u3057\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c ______\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308b<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u304b\u3089\u6d77\u304c ______\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Antwoorden bekijken<\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u3051\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u305b\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<h2>Samenvatting en volgende stappen<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nos verbos godan, mude a mora final da coluna U para a coluna E e acrescente <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span>. Nos ichidan, retire <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span> en gebruik <span lang=\"ja\">\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>. Memorize tamb\u00e9m <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Depois da forma\u00e7\u00e3o, observe tr\u00eas pontos: o contexto separa habilidade de possibilidade; a termina\u00e7\u00e3o simples ou polida define o registro; e as part\u00edculas ajudam a interpretar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o dos participantes. Para conectar este tema ao restante do idioma, consulte os <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/fundamentele-japanse-grammatica\/\">basisbeginselen van de Japanse grammatica<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Perguntas frequentes sobre a forma potencial<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-7cde76a66b534\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Waarvoor dient de potentiele vorm in het Japans?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>De potentiele vorm drukt uit dat iemand een actie kan uitvoeren of dat de actie in een bepaalde situatie mogelijk is. De context onderscheidt vaardigheid, gelegenheid en externe omstandigheid.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-491c126caf4ec\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Hoe transformeer je een werkwoord naar de potentiaalvorm?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Bij godan-werkwoorden verander je de uitgang van de U-kolom naar de E-kolom en voeg je \u308b toe. Bij ichidan verwijder je \u308b en gebruik je \u3089\u308c\u308b. De belangrijkste onregelmatige werkwoorden zijn \u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3067\u304d\u308b en \u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-83d3db996eabf\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Wat is het verschil tussen de potentiele vorm en \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Beide constructies kunnen capaciteit en mogelijkheid uitdrukken. De potentiele vorm is compacter; \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b maakt de actie expliciet als een eenheid. Beide kunnen eenvoudig of beleefd zijn.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-186353a7f04f6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Moet ik \u304c of \u3092 gebruiken met de potentiele vorm?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u304c is de neutrale standaard die normaal wordt onderwezen, zoals in \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u8a71\u305b\u307e\u3059. Echter, \u3092 komt ook voor in hedendaagse spraak en geschrift en mag niet automatisch als incorrect worden beschouwd.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d3ea5ae5e4b7a\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Zijn \u898b\u308c\u308b en \u98df\u3079\u308c\u308b correct?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Deze vormen zonder \u3089 komen veel voor in spraak en vertegenwoordigen de variatie die \u3089\u629c\u304d wordt genoemd. Voor een veilige basis en voor zorgvuldiger situaties, geef eerst de voorkeur aan \u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b, \u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b en \u6765\u3089\u308c\u308b.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Fontes oficiais consultadas<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary02\/pdf\/Z_L05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori, li\u00e7\u00e3o 5 do n\u00edvel Elementary 2 \u2014 forma\u00e7\u00e3o e usos da forma potencial<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori, li\u00e7\u00e3o 5 do n\u00edvel Elementary 1 \u2014 constru\u00e7\u00e3o verbo + \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kotoba.ninjal.ac.jp\/qa\/yokuaru\/qa-51\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NINJAL \u2014 varia\u00e7\u00e3o entre \u304c e \u3092 com verbos potenciais<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bunka.go.jp\/kokugo_nihongo\/sisaku\/joho\/joho\/kakuki\/20\/tosin03\/09.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ag\u00eancia de Assuntos Culturais do Jap\u00e3o \u2014 hist\u00f3rico e varia\u00e7\u00e3o de \u3089\u629c\u304d\u8a00\u8449<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/a2-2.marugotoweb.jp\/en\/grammar\/detail\/topic8-sec16-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marugoto \u2014 exemplos de forma potencial afirmativa e negativa<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Leer hoe je werkwoorden in de potenti\u00eble vorm vormt en gebruikt, onderscheid maakt tussen capaciteit en mogelijkheid, \u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b vergelijkt en de partikels \u304c en \u3092 begrijpt.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2134,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2132"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2132\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4430,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2132\/revisions\/4430"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2132"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}