{"id":2127,"date":"2009-11-04T06:28:12","date_gmt":"2009-11-04T08:28:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2127"},"modified":"2018-03-18T20:41:17","modified_gmt":"2018-03-18T23:41:17","slug":"koto-ga-dekiru-poder-e-nao-poder-em-japones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/koto-ga-dekiru-poder-e-nao-poder-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Koto ga dekiru - W\u0142adza i nie w\u0142adza po japo\u0144sku"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"6493bc198c24843764e19a32ad573702\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Fique por dentro e saiba mais sobre o <strong>Koto ga dekiru - W\u0142adza i nie w\u0142adza po japo\u0144sku<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>A id\u00e9ia de poder e n\u00e3o poder fazer algo em japon\u00eas pode ser expressa de v\u00e1rias formas, indo do informal ao formal, e passando por express\u00f5es e conjuga\u00e7\u00f5es verbais. De in\u00edcio, me pareceu bem complicado, mas depois de algum tempo refletindo sobre o assunto, parece que as coisas ficam mais claras e f\u00e1ceis de assimilar.<\/p>\n<p>Apesar disso, por hoje, vou comentar apenas sobre a forma mais simples de falar o que somos capazes de fazer e o que n\u00e3o conseguimos realizar. Essa forma \u00e9 conhecida como\u00a0<acronym title=\"koto ga dekiru | poder\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<h2>Construindo a express\u00e3o koto ga dekiru<\/h2>\n<p>Para falar sobre o que podemos e n\u00e3o podemos em japon\u00eas, vamos usar as palavras\u00a0<acronym title=\"koto ga\">\u3053\u3068\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0e \u3067\u304d\u308b. Onde\u00a0<acronym title=\"koto | coisa\">\u3053\u3068<\/acronym>\u00a0\u00e9 uma palavra que significa \u201ccoisa\u201d ou \u201csobre algo\u201d,\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga\">\u304c<\/acronym>\u00a0\u00e9 a nossa famosa part\u00edcula de sujeito e\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0\u00e9 o verbo \u201cpoder\u201d em japon\u00eas. Juntas, estas palavras formam uma express\u00e3o com significado de \u201cser h\u00e1bil para fazer algo\u201d, \u201cpoder ou ter a capacidade de fazer algo\u201d, \u201cconseguir fazer\u201d ou simplesmente \u201cpoder\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Devemos ter uma aten\u00e7\u00e3o redobrada ao ler textos em japon\u00eas, porque\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>geralmente \u00e9 escrito em\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/kompletna-tabela-hiragany\/\">hiragana<\/a>, mas pode aparecer na sua forma em kanji\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u51fa\u6765\u308b<\/acronym>informal ou no modo formal\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekimasu | poder\">\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<h2>Como usar a express\u00e3o koto ga dekiru<\/h2>\n<p>Para criar frases com\u00a0<acronym title=\"koto ga dekiru | poder\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>, basta construir a frase normalmente, mas conjugando o verbo na sua forma mais simples, conhecida como forma do dicion\u00e1rio.<\/p>\n<p>Se desejar saber mais sobre os verbos japoneses na forma do dicion\u00e1rio, sugiro uma leitura no artigo, &#8220;<a title=\"Modo informal dos verbos em japon\u00eas\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/nieformalny-tryb-czasownikow-w-jezyku-japonskim\/\">Japo\u0144skie czasowniki w trybie nieformalnym<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>Pensando dessa forma podemos criar a frase\u00a0<acronym title=\"watashi wa pan o taberu. | Eu como p\u00e3o.\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0e mudar o sentido dela adicionando\u00a0<acronym title=\"koto ga dekiru | poder\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0depois do verbo. Assim teremos\u00a0<acronym title=\"watashi wa pan o taberu koto ga dekiru. | Eu posso (tenho a habilidade de ) comer p\u00e3o.\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p>Opcionalmente, voc\u00ea pode trocar\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0pelo seu modo formal, ou forma masu,\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekimasu | poder\">\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>, atribuindo maior formalidade a frase. Assim, a frase acima ficaria\u00a0<acronym title=\"watashi wa pan o taberu koto ga dekimasu. | Eu posso (tenho a habilidade de ) comer p\u00e3o.\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p>Perceba que o padr\u00e3o de frases \u00e9 sempre\u00a0<strong>sujeito + wa + objeto + o + verbo + koto ga dekiru\/dekimasu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>O passado com koto ga dekiru<\/h2>\n<p>No caso acima, descobrimos como usar a express\u00e3o\u00a0<acronym title=\"koto ga dekiru | poder\">\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0no tempo presente formal e informal. Agora, vamos passar para os outros tempos verbais, come\u00e7ando pelo passado afirmativo.<\/p>\n<p>Independente de qual seja o tempo do verbo em japon\u00eas, normalmente conjugamos apenas o verbo\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0para que a frase mude de tempo verbal. No caso do passado, basta trocar\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0przez\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekita | podia ou poderia\">\u3067\u304d\u305f<\/acronym>, no passado informal, ou por\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekimashita | podia ou poderia\">\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>\u00a0no passado formal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Przyk\u0142ady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi wa pan o taberu koto ga dekita. | Eu podia (tinha a habilidade de) comer p\u00e3o.\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"watashi wa pan o taberu koto ga dekimashita. | Eu podia (tinha a habilidade de) comer p\u00e3o.\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Koto ga dekiru e o presente negativo<\/h2>\n<p>Seguindo a mesma regra, para falar que podemos fazer algo no presente negativo, basta trocar o verbo\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0przez\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekinai | n\u00e3o poder ou n\u00e3o posso\">\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044<\/acronym>, no modo informal, ou<acronym title=\"dekimasen | n\u00e3o poder ou n\u00e3o posso\">\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/acronym>, no modo formal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Przyk\u0142ady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi wa pan o taberu koto ga dekinai. | Eu n\u00e3o posso (n\u00e3o tenho a habilidade de) comer p\u00e3o.\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"watashi wa pan o taberu koto ga dekmasen. | Eu n\u00e3o posso (n\u00e3o tenho a habilidade de) comer p\u00e3o.\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>O passado negativo com koto ga dekiru<\/h2>\n<p>O passado negativo \u00e9 formado trocando-se\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0przez\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekinakatta | n\u00e3o podia ou n\u00e3o poderia\">\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f<\/acronym>, no modo informal, ou\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekimasen deshita | n\u00e3o podia ou n\u00e3o poderia\">\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/acronym>, no modo formal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Przyk\u0142ady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"watashi wa pan o taberu koto ga dekinakatta | Eu n\u00e3o podia (n\u00e3o tinha a habilidade de) comer p\u00e3o.\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"watashi wa pan o taberu koto ga dekimasen deshita | Eu n\u00e3o podia (n\u00e3o tinha a habilidade de) comer p\u00e3o.\">\u79c1\u306f\u30d1\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Dekiru e frases com o verbo suru<\/h2>\n<p>Achei muito interessante quando descobri que frases compostas pelo verbo\u00a0<acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>, podem mudar de sentido quando trocamos\u00a0<acronym title=\"suru | do\">\u3059\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0przez\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>. Nestes casos, geralmente o sentido da frase muda de &#8220;fazer&#8221; para &#8220;poder fazer&#8221;, &#8220;saber fazer&#8221; ou algo do g\u00eanero.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Przyk\u0142ad:<\/strong><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kanojo wa hikouki o soujou suru | Ela pilota o avi\u00e3o.\">\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u98db\u884c\u6a5f\u3092\u64cd\u7e26\u3059\u308b<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"kanojo wa hikouki o soujou dekiru | Ela consegue (poder) pilotar o avi\u00e3o.\">\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u98db\u884c\u6a5f\u3092\u64cd\u7e26\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>Usando dekiru em frases curtas<\/h2>\n<p>Em algumas frases curtas, podemos usar o verbo\u00a0<acronym title=\"dekiru | poder\">\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/acronym>\u00a0logo ap\u00f3s o substantivo, fazendo uso da part\u00edcula\u00a0<acronym title=\"ga\">\u304c<\/acronym>. Zobacz:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"tanaka-san wa nihongo ga dekimasu | O senhor Tanaka consegue (pode) falar japon\u00eas.\">\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><br \/>\n<acronym title=\"boku wa gitaa ga dekinai | Eu n\u00e3o consigo tocar guitarra.\">\u50d5\u306f\u30ae\u30bf\u30fc\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<h2>\u0106wiczenia w pisaniu r\u0119cznym kanji<\/h2>\n<p>Poni\u017cej przedstawiamy.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/jak-pisac-japonskie-litery-kanji\/\">Japo\u0144skie symbole ideograficzne<\/a>\u00a0u\u017cywane w tym artykule. Wybieraj\u0105c po\u017c\u0105dane kanji skopiuj je i wklej do\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kana i Kanji - arkusz \u0107wiczeniowy<\/a>\u00a0otworzy si\u0119 nowe okno, w kt\u00f3rym mo\u017cna obejrze\u0107 plik do druku i po\u0107wiczy\u0107 kaligrafi\u0119 japo\u0144sk\u0105, zakrywaj\u0105c szare symbole, a nast\u0119pnie pr\u00f3buj\u0105c pisa\u0107 samodzielnie. Wystarczy wydrukowa\u0107 i po\u0107wiczy\u0107.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 122px\" border=\"0\" width=\"389\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u51fa<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6765<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98df<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5f7c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5973<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u98db<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u884c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u6a5f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u64cd<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u7e26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u7530<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u4e2d<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u65e5<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u672c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u8a9e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u50d5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dowiedz si\u0119 wi\u0119cej o Koto ga dekiru - mocy i bezsilno\u015bci w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim! Idea bycia w stanie i nie bycia w stanie czego\u015b zrobi\u0107 w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim mo\u017ce by\u0107 wyra\u017cona na r\u00f3\u017cne sposoby,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":2128,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,70,73],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-verbos-em-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/koto-ga-dekiru-poder-e-nao-poder-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2127"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2127\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}