{"id":2172,"date":"2010-04-29T09:00:09","date_gmt":"2010-04-29T12:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2172"},"modified":"2026-08-16T00:20:05","modified_gmt":"2026-08-16T03:20:05","slug":"lista-czasownikow-przechodnich-i-nieprzechodnich-w-jezyku-japonskim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/lista-verbos-transitivos-e-intransitivos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Czasowniki przechodnie i nieprzechodnie w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim: lista i przyk\u0142ady"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Czasowniki przechodnie i nieprzechodnie w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim opisuj\u0105 t\u0119 sam\u0105 sytuacj\u0119 z r\u00f3\u017cnych perspektyw.<\/strong> Czasownik przechodni pokazuje, \u017ce kto\u015b dzia\u0142a na obiekt, zwykle w schemacie <strong>osoba \u304c + obiekt \u3092 + czasownik<\/strong>. Czasownik nieprzechodni przedstawia co\u015b, co si\u0119 dzieje lub zmienia stan, zazwyczaj jako <strong>element \u304c + czasownik<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Por\u00f3wnaj: <strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> oznacza \u201cdrzwi si\u0119 otworzy\u0142y\u201d, natomiast <strong>\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> oznacza \u201cTanaka otworzy\u0142 drzwi\u201d. W pierwszym przypadku nacisk k\u0142adziony jest na zdarzenie; w drugim \u2013 na dzia\u0142anie osoby na drzwi.<\/p>\n\n<p>R\u00f3\u017cnica nie jest r\u00f3wnoznaczna ze stron\u0105 biern\u0105. Nie istnieje te\u017c niezawodna ko\u0144c\u00f3wka, kt\u00f3ra ujawnia\u0142aby wszystkie pary. Najbezpieczniejsz\u0105 metod\u0105 jest uczenie si\u0119 ka\u017cdego czasownika z jego partyku\u0142\u0105, znaczeniem i kr\u00f3tkim zdaniem. Je\u015bli wci\u0105\u017c porz\u0105dkujesz podstawy, przejrzyj <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/grupy-czasownikow-w-japonskim\/\">grupy czasownik\u00f3w japo\u0144skich<\/a> oraz przewodnik po <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/podstawowe-czasteczki-w-jezyku-japonskim\/\">cz\u0105stek \u306f, \u304c, \u3092, \u306b i \u3067<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Czym s\u0105 czasowniki przechodnie i nieprzechodnie w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim?<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u305f\u3069\u3046\u3057, tad\u014dshi\uff09<\/strong> to czasownik przechodni. Wyra\u017ca czynno\u015b\u0107 skierowan\u0105 na obiekt: kto\u015b co\u015b otwiera, w\u0142\u0105cza lub decyduje. Ten dope\u0142nienie bli\u017csze jest zwykle oznaczane przez <strong>\u3092<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u3058\u3069\u3046\u3057, jid\u014dshi\uff09<\/strong> to czasownik nieprzechodni. Opisuje zdarzenie, zmian\u0119 lub stan bez dope\u0142nienia bli\u017cszego: co\u015b si\u0119 otwiera, w\u0142\u0105cza, spada lub zostaje postanowione. Element, kt\u00f3ry przechodzi przez t\u0119 sytuacj\u0119, jest zwykle oznaczany przez <strong>\u304c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Typ<\/th><th>Podstawowy wzorzec<\/th><th>Przyk\u0142ad<\/th><th>T\u0142umaczenie<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Bezokolicznikowy<\/td><td>N \u304c + czasownik<\/td><td>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/td><td>Drzwi si\u0119 otwieraj\u0105.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Przechodni<\/td><td>Osoba \u304c + N \u3092 + czasownik<\/td><td>\u5e97\u54e1\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/td><td>Sprzedawca otwiera drzwi.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Materia\u0142 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary01\/pdf\/Y_L12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori, Japan Foundation<\/a>, podsumowuje t\u0119 opozycj\u0119 jako <strong>N \u304c V<\/strong> dla czasownik\u00f3w nieprzechodnich oraz <strong>(osoba \u304c) N \u3092 V<\/strong> dla przechodnich. Ta formu\u0142a jest doskona\u0142ym punktem wyj\u015bcia, ale nie powinna by\u0107 stosowana mechanicznie.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Jak rozpozna\u0107 ka\u017cdy typ bez zapami\u0119tywania biernego t\u0142umaczenia<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zadaj dwa pytania. Po pierwsze: czy istnieje kto\u015b lub co\u015b, co dzia\u0142a na obiekt? Je\u015bli tak, czasownik zwykle jest przechodni. Po drugie: czy zdanie po prostu przedstawia co\u015b, co si\u0119 dzieje lub zmienia stan? W takim przypadku czasownik zwykle jest nieprzechodni.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7a93\u304c\u9589\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u307e\u3069 \u304c \u3057\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Mado ga shimari mashita.<\/em><br \/>Okno si\u0119 zamkn\u0119\u0142o.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5c71\u7530\u3055\u3093\u304c\u7a93\u3092\u9589\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3084\u307e\u3060\u3055\u3093 \u304c \u307e\u3069 \u3092 \u3057\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Yamada-san ga mado o shime mashita.<\/em><br \/>Yamada zamkn\u0105\u0142 okno.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Nie t\u0142umacz automatycznie czasownika nieprzechodniego jako \u201cby\u0107 + imies\u0142\u00f3w bierny\u201d. <strong>\u7a93\u304c\u9589\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> nie jest konstrukcj\u0105 biern\u0105: zdanie po prostu informuje, \u017ce okno si\u0119 zamkn\u0119\u0142o. Strona bierna w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim wymaga\u0142aby innej formy czasownika i zmieni\u0142aby struktur\u0119.<\/p>\n\n<p>Wa\u017cne jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c, aby pami\u0119ta\u0107, \u017ce nie ka\u017cdy <strong>\u3092<\/strong> oznacza dope\u0142nienie bli\u017csze. W <strong>\u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u3092\u51fa\u307e\u3059<\/strong> (\u201cwychodzi\u0107 z hotelu\u201d) i <strong>\u9053\u3092\u6b69\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/strong> (\u201ci\u015b\u0107 ulic\u0105\u201d), \u3092 wskazuje punkt wyj\u015bcia lub tras\u0119. Czasownik pozostaje nieprzechodni. Ta uwaga pojawia si\u0119 w <a href=\"https:\/\/md.jpf.go.jp\/userfiles\/file\/2018\/Lengua%20Japonesa\/Gramatica\/A2-B1-JP_rev.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">materiale gramatycznym A2\u2013B1 Japan Foundation Madrid<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Lista czasownik\u00f3w przechodnich i nieprzechodnich w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tabela zawiera cz\u0119ste i przydatne pary. Nie ma na celu wymienienia wszystkich czasownik\u00f3w w j\u0119zyku. Zapami\u0119taj ka\u017cdy wiersz jako dwa mo\u017cliwe zdania, zwracaj\u0105c uwag\u0119 na <strong>\u304c<\/strong> z czasownikiem nieprzechodnim i <strong>\u3092<\/strong> com o transitivo.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead><tr><th>Bezokolicznikowy<\/th><th>Znaczenie<\/th><th>Przechodni<\/th><th>Znaczenie<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u958b\u304f\uff08\u3042\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>abrir-se; ficar aberto<\/td><td>\u958b\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>abrir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u9589\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3057\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>fechar-se; ficar fechado<\/td><td>\u9589\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3057\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>fechar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u3064\u304f<\/td><td>acender; ficar ligado<\/td><td>\u3064\u3051\u308b<\/td><td>acender ou ligar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6d88\u3048\u308b\uff08\u304d\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>apagar-se; desaparecer<\/td><td>\u6d88\u3059\uff08\u3051\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>apagar ou desligar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5165\u308b\uff08\u306f\u3044\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>entrar; estar contido<\/td><td>\u5165\u308c\u308b\uff08\u3044\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>colocar; inserir<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u51fa\u308b\uff08\u3067\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>sair; aparecer<\/td><td>\u51fa\u3059\uff08\u3060\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>p\u00f4r para fora; enviar<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u59cb\u307e\u308b\uff08\u306f\u3058\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>start<\/td><td>\u59cb\u3081\u308b\uff08\u306f\u3058\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>come\u00e7ar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u7d42\u308f\u308b\uff08\u304a\u308f\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>terminar<\/td><td>\u7d42\u3048\u308b\uff08\u304a\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>concluir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6b62\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3068\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>stop<\/td><td>\u6b62\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3068\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>parar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u52d5\u304f\uff08\u3046\u3054\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>mover-se; funcionar<\/td><td>\u52d5\u304b\u3059\uff08\u3046\u3054\u304b\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>mover ou operar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5909\u308f\u308b\uff08\u304b\u308f\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>mudar<\/td><td>\u5909\u3048\u308b\uff08\u304b\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>mudar ou alterar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6c7a\u307e\u308b\uff08\u304d\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>ficar decidido<\/td><td>\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\uff08\u304d\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>decidir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u7d9a\u304f\uff08\u3064\u3065\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>kontynuowa\u0107<\/td><td>\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3064\u3065\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>continuar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u96c6\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3064\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>reunir-se<\/td><td>\u96c6\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3064\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>reunir; coletar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u898b\u3064\u304b\u308b\uff08\u307f\u3064\u304b\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>ser encontrado; aparecer<\/td><td>\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\uff08\u307f\u3064\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>encontrar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u58ca\u308c\u308b\uff08\u3053\u308f\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>quebrar; deixar de funcionar<\/td><td>\u58ca\u3059\uff08\u3053\u308f\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>quebrar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5272\u308c\u308b\uff08\u308f\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>quebrar-se; rachar<\/td><td>\u5272\u308b\uff08\u308f\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>quebrar ou dividir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6298\u308c\u308b\uff08\u304a\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>quebrar-se; dobrar-se<\/td><td>\u6298\u308b\uff08\u304a\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>quebrar ou dobrar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u843d\u3061\u308b\uff08\u304a\u3061\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>cair<\/td><td>\u843d\u3068\u3059\uff08\u304a\u3068\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>derrubar; deixar cair<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5c4a\u304f\uff08\u3068\u3069\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>chegar ao destino<\/td><td>\u5c4a\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3068\u3069\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>entregar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u76f4\u308b\uff08\u306a\u304a\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>ser consertado; voltar ao normal<\/td><td>\u76f4\u3059\uff08\u306a\u304a\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>consertar ou corrigir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5897\u3048\u308b\uff08\u3075\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>aumentar em quantidade<\/td><td>\u5897\u3084\u3059\uff08\u3075\u3084\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>aumentar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6e1b\u308b\uff08\u3078\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>diminuir em quantidade<\/td><td>\u6e1b\u3089\u3059\uff08\u3078\u3089\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>reduzir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u4e0a\u304c\u308b\uff08\u3042\u304c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>subir; aumentar<\/td><td>\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\uff08\u3042\u3052\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>levantar; aumentar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u4e0b\u304c\u308b\uff08\u3055\u304c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>descer; diminuir<\/td><td>\u4e0b\u3052\u308b\uff08\u3055\u3052\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>abaixar; diminuir algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u51b7\u3048\u308b\uff08\u3072\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>esfriar; ficar frio<\/td><td>\u51b7\u3084\u3059\uff08\u3072\u3084\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>esfriar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6e29\u307e\u308b\uff08\u3042\u305f\u305f\u307e\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>aquecer-se; ficar quente<\/td><td>\u6e29\u3081\u308b\uff08\u3042\u305f\u305f\u3081\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>aquecer algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6c5a\u308c\u308b\uff08\u3088\u3054\u308c\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>sujar-se; ficar sujo<\/td><td>\u6c5a\u3059\uff08\u3088\u3054\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>sujar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u8d77\u304d\u308b\uff08\u304a\u304d\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>acordar; levantar-se<\/td><td>\u8d77\u3053\u3059\uff08\u304a\u3053\u3059\uff09<\/td><td>acordar algu\u00e9m; causar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u80b2\u3064\uff08\u305d\u3060\u3064\uff09<\/td><td>crescer; desenvolver-se<\/td><td>\u80b2\u3066\u308b\uff08\u305d\u3060\u3066\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>criar; cultivar; desenvolver algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u713c\u3051\u308b\uff08\u3084\u3051\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>assar; grelhar at\u00e9 ficar pronto<\/td><td>\u713c\u304f\uff08\u3084\u304f\uff09<\/td><td>assar ou grelhar algo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u716e\u3048\u308b\uff08\u306b\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>cozinhar at\u00e9 ficar pronto<\/td><td>\u716e\u308b\uff08\u306b\u308b\uff09<\/td><td>cozinhar algo em l\u00edquido<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpf.go.jp\/j\/project\/japanese\/teach\/tsushin\/language\/202412.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an\u00e1lise lingu\u00edstica da Japan Foundation sobre \u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e e \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e<\/a> mostra que existem v\u00e1rios padr\u00f5es de forma\u00e7\u00e3o e tamb\u00e9m exce\u00e7\u00f5es. Em vez de procurar uma regra \u00fanica, aprenda o verbo dentro de uma estrutura completa.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Exemplos que mostram a mudan\u00e7a de perspectiva<\/h2>\n\n<h3>A porta abriu ou algu\u00e9m abriu a porta<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u30c9\u30a2 \u304c \u3042\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Doa ga aki mashita.<\/em><br \/>A porta abriu.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u305f\u306a\u304b\u3055\u3093 \u304c \u30c9\u30a2 \u3092 \u3042\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Tanaka-san ga doa o ake mashita.<\/em><br \/>Tanaka abriu a porta.<\/p>\n\n<h3>A reuni\u00e3o come\u00e7ou ou algu\u00e9m come\u00e7ou a reuni\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u5341\u6642\u306b\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304b\u3044\u304e \u304c \u3058\u3085\u3046\u3058 \u306b \u306f\u3058\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Kaigi ga j\u016bji ni hajimari masu.<\/em><br \/>A reuni\u00e3o come\u00e7a \u00e0s dez horas.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u90e8\u9577\u304c\u4f1a\u8b70\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u3076\u3061\u3087\u3046 \u304c \u304b\u3044\u304e \u3092 \u306f\u3058\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/><em>Buch\u014d ga kaigi o hajime masu.<\/em><br \/>O gerente inicia a reuni\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<h3>A quantidade aumentou ou algu\u00e9m aumentou a quantidade<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u5897\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304c\u304f\u305b\u3044 \u304c \u3075\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Gakusei ga fue mashita.<\/em><br \/>O n\u00famero de estudantes aumentou.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u5b66\u6821\u304c\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u6570\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\u304c\u3063\u3053\u3046 \u304c \u30af\u30e9\u30b9 \u306e \u304b\u305a \u3092 \u3075\u3084\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/><em>Gakk\u014d ga kurasu no kazu o fuyashi mashita.<\/em><br \/>A escola aumentou o n\u00famero de turmas.<\/p>\n\n<p>Observe que o portugu\u00eas \u00e0s vezes usa o mesmo verbo nas duas frases. Em japon\u00eas, a escolha do par explicita se o falante apresenta o acontecimento ou a a\u00e7\u00e3o de algu\u00e9m sobre alguma coisa. Essa distin\u00e7\u00e3o ajuda a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/jak-tworzyc-zdania-po-japonsku\/\">tworzenia zda\u0144 po japo\u0144sku<\/a> com mais precis\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Verbos intransitivos com \u3066\u3044\u308b e transitivos com \u3066\u3042\u308b<\/h2>\n\n<p>Os pares tamb\u00e9m aparecem ao descrever estados. Com um intransitivo na <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/forma-te-japonskich-czasownikow\/\">forma \u3066<\/a> seguido de <strong>\u3044\u308b<\/strong>, a frase apresenta o estado observado. Com um transitivo seguido de <strong>\u3042\u308b<\/strong>, ela pode destacar que o estado resulta de uma a\u00e7\u00e3o intencional.<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>A porta est\u00e1 aberta. O estado \u00e9 apresentado sem indicar quem abriu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3051\u3066\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><br \/>A porta foi deixada aberta. H\u00e1 a ideia de que algu\u00e9m a abriu com uma finalidade.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>O contraste entre <strong>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3044\u308b<\/strong> e <strong>\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3042\u308b<\/strong> \u00e9 explicado no <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irodori.jpf.go.jp\/assets\/data\/elementary02\/pdf\/Z_L13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irodori Elementar 2, li\u00e7\u00e3o 13<\/a>. N\u00e3o confunda esse uso de \u3066\u3042\u308b com uma tradu\u00e7\u00e3o passiva autom\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Nem todo par parecido \u00e9 um par transitivo\u2013intransitivo<\/h2>\n\n<p>Algumas associa\u00e7\u00f5es comuns geram erros. <strong>\u5206\u304b\u308b<\/strong> (\u201centender\u201d) e <strong>\u5206\u304b\u308c\u308b<\/strong> (\u201cdividir-se; separar-se\u201d) n\u00e3o formam um par com o mesmo sentido. <strong>\u898b\u308b<\/strong> (\u201cver; olhar\u201d) e <strong>\u898b\u3048\u308b<\/strong> (\u201cser vis\u00edvel; conseguir ver naturalmente\u201d) tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o devem ser tratados apenas como \u201cver\u201d e \u201cser visto\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p>O mesmo cuidado vale para <strong>\u805e\u304f<\/strong> e <strong>\u805e\u3053\u3048\u308b<\/strong>. O primeiro pode significar ouvir deliberadamente ou perguntar; o segundo indica que algo \u00e9 aud\u00edvel. J\u00e1 <strong>\u58f2\u308c\u308b<\/strong> pode significar \u201cvender bem\u201d ou \u201cser vend\u00e1vel\u201d, e n\u00e3o corresponde simplesmente \u00e0 passiva de <strong>\u58f2\u308b<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>H\u00e1 ainda verbos sem um parceiro regular. <strong>\u8d70\u308b<\/strong> (\u201ccorrer\u201d) \u00e9 intransitivo; <strong>\u8d70\u3089\u305b\u308b<\/strong> \u00e9 sua forma causativa, \u201cfazer correr\u201d, n\u00e3o um verbo transitivo emparelhado pelo mesmo processo dos pares da tabela. Se precisar revisar essa diferen\u00e7a, consulte tamb\u00e9m a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/forma-potencjalna-czasownikow-japonskich\/\">forma potencial dos verbos<\/a>, que n\u00e3o deve ser confundida com intransitividade.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Como memorizar os pares com mais seguran\u00e7a<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Aprenda a part\u00edcula junto.<\/strong> Registre \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304f e \u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u308b, n\u00e3o apenas \u958b\u304f e \u958b\u3051\u308b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use uma cena para os dois verbos.<\/strong> Imagine a luz acendendo e depois algu\u00e9m acendendo a luz: \u96fb\u6c17\u304c\u3064\u304f \/ \u96fb\u6c17\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Compare frases curtas.<\/strong> A oposi\u00e7\u00e3o fica mais clara quando sujeito, objeto e part\u00edcula aparecem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Evite regras de termina\u00e7\u00e3o absolutas.<\/strong> Elas funcionam como pistas, mas t\u00eam exce\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confirme no dicion\u00e1rio.<\/strong> Procure as indica\u00e7\u00f5es \u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e e \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e e verifique a estrutura do exemplo.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>Esse m\u00e9todo se encaixa no estudo de <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/podstawowa-gramatyka-japonska\/\">gramatyce japo\u0144skiej dla pocz\u0105tkuj\u0105cych<\/a>: primeiro reconhe\u00e7a a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre as palavras e depois amplie o vocabul\u00e1rio.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0106wiczenia<\/h2>\n\n<p>Escolha o verbo que completa cada frase.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\uff08\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u958b\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u79c1\u304c\u7a93\u3092\uff08\u9589\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u9589\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u96fb\u6c17\u304c\uff08\u3064\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u3064\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u59b9\u304c\u90e8\u5c4b\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u3092\uff08\u6d88\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f \/ \u6d88\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u5341\u6642\u306b\uff08\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059 \/ \u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5148\u751f\u304c\u6388\u696d\u3092\uff08\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059 \/ \u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>Ver respostas explicadas<\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: \u30c9\u30a2 \u00e9 o elemento que abriu e recebe \u304c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9589\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: \u79c1 age sobre \u7a93, marcado por \u3092.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u3064\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: a luz acendeu; n\u00e3o h\u00e1 objeto direto.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6d88\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong>: a irm\u00e3 desligou a luz, que recebe \u3092.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/strong>: a reuni\u00e3o \u00e9 apresentada como o evento que come\u00e7a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059<\/strong>: o professor inicia a aula, marcada por \u3092.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<h2>Resumo<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e<\/strong> descreve algo acontecendo ou mudando de estado, geralmente em N \u304c V.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e<\/strong> descreve algu\u00e9m agindo sobre um objeto, geralmente em pessoa \u304c + N \u3092 V.<\/li>\n<li>Intransitivo n\u00e3o \u00e9 sin\u00f4nimo de passivo.<\/li>\n<li>O uso de \u3092 n\u00e3o basta sozinho para classificar o verbo.<\/li>\n<li>Os pares devem ser aprendidos com part\u00edcula, sentido e exemplo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Depois de dominar essa oposi\u00e7\u00e3o, voc\u00ea perceber\u00e1 com mais facilidade por que o japon\u00eas escolhe verbos diferentes para \u201calgo mudou\u201d e \u201calgu\u00e9m mudou algo\u201d. Continue praticando com os <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/nieformalny-tryb-czasownikow-w-jezyku-japonskim\/\">verbos na forma simples<\/a> e transforme cada par da tabela em duas frases pr\u00f3prias.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-0592b58decb6c\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Co to jest czasownik nieprzechodni w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Jest to czasownik, kt\u00f3ry przedstawia zdarzenie, stan lub zmian\u0119 bez dope\u0142nienia bli\u017cszego. W podstawowych zdaniach element, kt\u00f3ry przechodzi przez sytuacj\u0119, jest zwykle oznaczany przez \u304c, jak w \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3059, \u201cdrzwi si\u0119 otwieraj\u0105\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-7f9c8b70d615c\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Co to jest czasownik przechodni w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Jest to czasownik wyra\u017caj\u0105cy dzia\u0142anie kogo\u015b lub czego\u015b na obiekcie. Dope\u0142nienie bli\u017csze zwykle otrzymuje \u3092, jak w \u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u304c\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u307e\u3059, \u201cTanaka otwiera drzwi\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-6c50d8a0f4fd8\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Czasownik nieprzechodni to to samo co strona bierna?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Nie. Czasownik nieprzechodni opisuje co\u015b, co si\u0119 dzieje lub zmienia stan bez dope\u0142nienia bli\u017cszego. Strona bierna to osobna koniugacja i ustanawia inn\u0105 relacj\u0119 mi\u0119dzy uczestnikami zdania.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-5a45d8d03e1f0\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Czy ka\u017cdy czasownik z \u3092 jest przechodni?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Nie. \u3092 mo\u017ce r\u00f3wnie\u017c oznacza\u0107 tras\u0119 lub punkt wyj\u015bcia, jak w \u9053\u3092\u6b69\u304d\u307e\u3059, \u201ci\u015b\u0107 ulic\u0105\u201d, i \u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u3092\u51fa\u307e\u3059, \u201cwyj\u015b\u0107 z hotelu\u201d. W tych przypadkach czasowniki s\u0105 nieprzechodnie.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-d34238cea2e12\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak zapami\u0119ta\u0107 pary przechodnie i nieprzechodnie?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Naucz si\u0119 ka\u017cdego czasownika w kr\u00f3tkim zdaniu, wraz z jego partyku\u0142\u0105: \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u304f dla \u201cdrzwi si\u0119 otwieraj\u0105\u201d i \u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u308b dla \u201cotwiera\u0107 drzwi\u201d. Por\u00f3wnywanie obu perspektyw jest bezpieczniejsze ni\u017c zapami\u0119tywanie samych t\u0142umacze\u0144.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-36418fc0e63a4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jaka jest r\u00f3\u017cnica mi\u0119dzy \u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3044\u308b a \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3042\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3044\u308b zwykle przedstawia obserwowany stan, jak \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059. \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e + \u3066\u3042\u308b mo\u017ce wskazywa\u0107, \u017ce stan wynika z celowego dzia\u0142ania, jak \u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u958b\u3051\u3066\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zrozum r\u00f3\u017cnic\u0119 mi\u0119dzy czasownikami przechodnimi i nieprzechodnimi w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim, zobacz pary z \u304c i \u3092, przyk\u0142ady, \u0107wiczenia i typowe b\u0142\u0119dy.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2174,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,73,60],"tags":[71,2,3],"class_list":["post-2172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2172"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4442,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2172\/revisions\/4442"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}