{"id":2364,"date":"2009-11-27T06:46:12","date_gmt":"2009-11-27T08:46:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2364"},"modified":"2018-07-01T13:52:17","modified_gmt":"2018-07-01T16:52:17","slug":"czasteczka-ga-i-jej-funkcje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/particula-ga-e-suas-funcoes\/","title":{"rendered":"Cz\u0105stka GA i jej funkcje"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"6493bc198c24843764e19a32ad573702\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Dzisiaj dowiemy si\u0119 wi\u0119cej o\u00a0<strong>Cz\u0105steczka GA i jej funkcje<\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-2367\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/a-particula-ga-e-suas-funcoes.gif?resize=130%2C130&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Cz\u0105steczka GA i jej funkcje\" width=\"130\" height=\"130\" \/>Kiedy zaczynamy uczy\u0107 si\u0119 japo\u0144skiego, cz\u0119sto wpadamy w nawyk kojarzenia pojedynczej funkcji z ka\u017cd\u0105 cz\u0105stk\u0105 w japo\u0144skiej gramatyce.<\/p>\n<h2>Cz\u0105stka GA i jej funkcje<\/h2>\n<p>W moim przypadku przez d\u0142ugi czas wierzy\u0142em, \u017ce cz\u0105stka GA ma jedyn\u0105 funkcj\u0119 wskazywania pozycji podmiotu w japo\u0144skich zdaniach. Po kilku badaniach zda\u0142em sobie spraw\u0119, \u017ce ca\u0142kowicie si\u0119 myli\u0142em...<\/p>\n<p>W poprzednim artykule na temat <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/kiedy-uzywac-czasteczki-ga\/\">Cz\u0105steczka GA<\/a>W moim poprzednim artykule napisa\u0142em o kilku wskaz\u00f3wkach dotycz\u0105cych korzystania z tej cz\u0105steczki. W dzisiejszym artykule poznamy niekt\u00f3re z g\u0142\u00f3wnych funkcji cz\u0105steczki GA.<\/p>\n<h2>U\u017cycie cz\u0105stki GA mi\u0119dzy dwoma zdaniami<\/h2>\n<p>W wielu przypadkach cz\u0105stka GA mo\u017ce pe\u0142ni\u0107 funkcj\u0119 sp\u00f3jnika, realizuj\u0105c opozycj\u0119 (lub sprzeczno\u015b\u0107) mi\u0119dzy dwoma zdaniami w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim. W takich przypadkach cz\u0105stk\u0119 GA mo\u017cna przet\u0142umaczy\u0107 jako ale, jednak, jednak, jednak lub jednak.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Przyk\u0142ady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Sakura no hana wa kirei da ga, kaori ga nai.\">\u685c\u306e\u82b1\u306f\u304d\u308c\u3044\u3060\u304c\u3001\u9999\u308a\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><em>Kwiaty wi\u015bni s\u0105 \u0142adne, ale nie pachn\u0105.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kono eiga wa omoshiroi ga, nagasugimasu ne.\">\u3053\u306e\u6620\u753b\u306f\u9762\u767d\u3044\u304c\u3001\u9577\u3059\u304e\u307e\u3059\u306d\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><em>Ten film jest fajny, ale za d\u0142ugi. Prawda?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>W innych przypadkach\u00a0<a title=\"Kiedy stosowa\u0107 cz\u0105stk\u0119 GA\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/kiedy-uzywac-czasteczki-ga\/\">Cz\u0105steczka GA<\/a>\u00a0w \u015brodku japo\u0144skich zda\u0144 mo\u017ce s\u0142u\u017cy\u0107 jedynie jako spos\u00f3b \u0142\u0105czenia ich ze sob\u0105. Spe\u0142nia wi\u0119c tak\u0105 sam\u0105 funkcj\u0119 jak nasze e w j\u0119zyku portugalskim.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Przyk\u0142ady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kinou fuji-san o hajimete mimashita ga, kirei deshita.\">\u6628\u65e5\u5bcc\u58eb\u5c71\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u3066\u898b\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u304d\u308c\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><em>Wczoraj po raz pierwszy zobaczy\u0142em g\u00f3r\u0119 Fuji i by\u0142o bardzo pi\u0119knie.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Yamada-san wa akai kuruma o kaimashita ga, anata mo kaimashita ne.\">\u5c71\u7530\u3055\u3093\u306f\u8d64\u3044\u8eca\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u3082\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Yamada-san wa akai kuruma o kaimashita ga, anata mo kaimashita ne.\"><\/acronym><em>Pan Yamada kupi\u0142 czerwony samoch\u00f3d... i ty te\u017c. Nie kupi\u0142.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Zauwa\u017c, \u017ce r\u00f3\u017cnica mi\u0119dzy dwoma powy\u017cszymi przypadkami polega na tym, \u017ce w pierwszym przypadku drugie zdanie ma znaczenie przeciwne do pierwszego. W drugim przypadku drugie zdanie po prostu uzupe\u0142nia pierwsze zdanie.<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Dodawanie wa\u017cnych informacji<\/h2>\n<p>Na pocz\u0105tku niekt\u00f3rych rozm\u00f3w cz\u0105stka GA mo\u017ce by\u0107 u\u017cywana do wprowadzenia wa\u017cnych informacji lub po prostu do zwr\u00f3cenia uwagi na rozmow\u0119.<\/p>\n<p>Zwroty takie jak te s\u0105 u\u017cywane do przypominania o czym\u015b lub podawania informacji, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 bardzo wa\u017cne dla zrozumienia kontekstu rozmowy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Przyk\u0142ady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Watashi, Tanaka-san to moushimasu ga, Yamada-san wa irasshaimasu ka?\">\u79c1\u3001\u7530\u4e2d\u3055\u3093\u3068\u7533\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5c71\u7530\u3055\u3093\u306f\u3044\u3089\u3063\u3057\u3083\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Nazywam si\u0119 Tanaka. Czy pan Yamada jest w domu?<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Shitsurei desu ga... anata wa honda-san desu ka?\">\u5931\u793c\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306f\u672c\u7530\u3055\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Przepraszam, ale... czy pan jest panem Hond\u0105?<\/p>\n<h2>Cz\u0105stka GA i zdania niekompletne<\/h2>\n<p>Chocia\u017c jest to koncepcja podobna do poprzedniej, r\u00f3\u017cnica mi\u0119dzy niekompletnymi zdaniami a powy\u017cszymi zdaniami polega na tym, \u017ce niekompletne zdania wyra\u017caj\u0105 ukryt\u0105 ide\u0119; tak\u0105, kt\u00f3ra nie zosta\u0142a opisana w zdaniu. Co wi\u0119cej, ta \"ukryta idea\" zazwyczaj wyra\u017ca opini\u0119, kt\u00f3ra jest sprzeczna z wypowiedzianym zdaniem.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Przyk\u0142ady:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Watashi wa fuji-san o mi ni ikimashita ga...\">\u79c1\u306f\u5bcc\u58eb\u5c71\u3092\u898b\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3002\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><em>Poszed\u0142em zobaczy\u0107 g\u00f3r\u0119 Fuji, ale... (nic nie zobaczy\u0142em).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kare wa takai ie ni sunde imashita ga...\">\u5f7c\u306f\u9ad8\u3044\u5bb6\u306b\u4f4f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3002\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><em><acronym title=\"Kare wa takai ie ni sunde imashita ga...\"><\/acronym>Kiedy\u015b mieszka\u0142 w du\u017cym domu, ale... (teraz mieszka w ma\u0142ym domu)<\/em><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dzi\u015b dowiemy si\u0119 wi\u0119cej o cz\u0105stce GA i jej funkcjach! Kiedy rozpoczynamy nauk\u0119 j\u0119zyka japo\u0144skiego, cz\u0119sto popadamy w nawyk kojarzenia jednej funkcji z ka\u017cd\u0105 cz\u0105stk\u0105 w japo\u0144skiej gramatyce. Cz\u0105stka GA<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":2361,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[70,74],"tags":[71,3,15],"class_list":["post-2364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gramatica-japonesa","category-particulas-em-japones","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-nihongo","tag-particulas-basicas"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/quando-usar-a-particula-ga.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2359,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/quando-usar-a-particula-ga\/","url_meta":{"origin":2364,"position":0},"title":"Kiedy stosowa\u0107 cz\u0105stk\u0119 GA","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"24 de listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Decidir quando usar a part\u00edcula GA ou qualquer outra part\u00edcula n\u00e3o \u00e9 quest\u00e3o de seguir uma regra. A resposta para esta quest\u00e3o depende de muitos fatores usados na constru\u00e7\u00e3o das frases e das outras part\u00edculas que usamos dentro de uma mesma senten\u00e7a. Em alguns casos, isso parece ser mais quest\u00e3o\u2026","rel":"","context":"W \u201ePart\u00edculas em Japon\u00eas&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Part\u00edculas em Japon\u00eas","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/particulas-em-japones\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Quando usar a part\u00edcula GA","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/quando-usar-a-particula-ga.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/quando-usar-a-particula-ga.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/quando-usar-a-particula-ga.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1661,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/sujeito-das-frases-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":2364,"position":1},"title":"Podmiot zdania w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda mais sobre\u00a0o sujeito das frases em japon\u00eas no nihongo! Como j\u00e1 estudamos\u00a0a ordem das palavras nas frases em japon\u00eas, sabemos que elas possuem uma organiza\u00e7\u00e3o inversa das palavras na l\u00edngua portuguesa. Nas frases em japon\u00eas, geralmente a ordem das palavras \u00e9\u00a0sujeito\u00a0+\u00a0objeto\u00a0(predicado ou resto da frase) +\u00a0verbo. Para ficar mais\u2026","rel":"","context":"W \u201eCurso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/curso-de-japones-gratis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"O sujeito das frases em japon\u00eas - part\u00edcula WA ","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/ha-150x150.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2343,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/particula-de-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":2364,"position":2},"title":"Japo\u0144ska cz\u0105stka DE","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"29 de listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Vamos agora aprender mais sobre a\u00a0part\u00edcula japonesa DE e seu uso! Como vinha sentindo muita falta de artigos sobre part\u00edculas na L\u00edngua Japonesa, escrevi tr\u00eas artigos sobre esse assunto. O primeiro foi sobre a part\u00edcula\u00a0wa\u00a0e os dois mais recentes foram sobre a part\u00edcula\u00a0ga. Caso esteja interessando em conhecer estes artigos,\u2026","rel":"","context":"W \u201eGram\u00e1tica Japonesa&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Gram\u00e1tica Japonesa","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/gramatica-japonesa\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"A part\u00edcula japonesa DE","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/particula-de-em-japones.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/particula-de-em-japones.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/particula-de-em-japones.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2820,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/particula-mo-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":2364,"position":3},"title":"Cz\u0105stka MO w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"6 de stycze\u0144 de 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Em japon\u00eas, a fun\u00e7\u00e3o mais comum da part\u00edcula\u00a0mo\u00a0\u00e9 indicar uma esp\u00e9cie de similaridade entre palavras da mesma senten\u00e7a. Segundo a\u00a0gram\u00e1tica japonesa, a part\u00edcula\u00a0mo\u00a0pode substituir outras part\u00edculas em frases paralelas, colocando duas palavras em p\u00e9 de igualdade ou assumindo o mesmo significado de palavras como\u00a0tamb\u00e9m,\u00a0bem como,\u00a0t\u00e3o...quanto\u00a0e outras com o mesmo significado.\u2026","rel":"","context":"W \u201eGram\u00e1tica Japonesa&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Gram\u00e1tica Japonesa","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/gramatica-japonesa\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"A part\u00edcula mo - \u3082","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/particula-MO-em-japones.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/particula-MO-em-japones.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/particula-MO-em-japones.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/particula-MO-em-japones.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/particula-MO-em-japones.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2436,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/particula-ni-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":2364,"position":4},"title":"Cz\u0105stka NI w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"13 de stycze\u0144 de 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Conhe\u00e7a mais sobre\u00a0a part\u00edcula NI em japon\u00eas em seus principais usos no NIHONGO! A part\u00edcula\u00a0ni\u00a0\u00e9 uma das part\u00edculas com mais fun\u00e7\u00f5es na gram\u00e1tica japonesa. Ela pode ser usada para indicar exist\u00eancia e localiza\u00e7\u00e3o, dire\u00e7\u00e3o de uma a\u00e7\u00e3o, espa\u00e7o de tempo e muito mais. 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E quando a elemento que acompanha a part\u00edcula\u00a0kara\u00a0for um adjetivo ou verbo auxiliar, geralmente ela indica a raz\u00e3o ou causa de uma\u2026","rel":"","context":"W \u201eGram\u00e1tica Japonesa&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Gram\u00e1tica Japonesa","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/gramatica-japonesa\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"A part\u00edcula japonesa KARA","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/A-particula-japonesa-KARA.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/A-particula-japonesa-KARA.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/A-particula-japonesa-KARA.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2364","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2364"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2364\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2364"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2364"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}