{"id":2734,"date":"2010-01-08T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-01-08T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2734"},"modified":"2021-12-03T15:24:29","modified_gmt":"2021-12-03T18:24:29","slug":"japonski-kalendarz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/calendario-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Kalendarz japo\u0144ski"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"6493bc198c24843764e19a32ad573702\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>O&nbsp;<strong>Japo\u0144ski kalendarz<\/strong>W swojej oryginalnej formie nie liczy on lat tak jak nasz kalendarz gregoria\u0144ski. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"135\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/calendario-japones-1.gif?resize=175%2C135&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Japo\u0144ski kalendarz\" class=\"wp-image-2738\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Tradycyjny japo\u0144ski kalendarz opiera si\u0119 na erach, w kt\u00f3rych liczenie rozpoczyna si\u0119 od nowa za ka\u017cdym razem, gdy ko\u0144czy si\u0119 jedna era i zaczyna kolejna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obecnie kalendarzem najcz\u0119\u015bciej u\u017cywanym w Japonii jest <a href=\"https:\/\/brasil.elpais.com\/brasil\/2016\/10\/04\/actualidad\/1475532151_621324.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kalendarz gregoria\u0144ski<\/a>Liczy dni, miesi\u0105ce i lata w taki sam spos\u00f3b, jak w Brazylii i wielu krajach zachodnich. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pomimo tego, wiele rejestr\u00f3w publicznych i biur notarialnych nadal korzysta z tradycyjnego kalendarza, zmuszaj\u0105c ludzi do znajomo\u015bci i u\u017cywania zar\u00f3wno tradycyjnego kalendarza japo\u0144skiego, jak i kalendarza gregoria\u0144skiego.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"222\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/calendario-japones-do-windows.jpg?resize=240%2C222&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Japo\u0144ski kalendarz okienny\" class=\"wp-image-2735\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tradycyjny japo\u0144ski kalendarz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>W przeciwie\u0144stwie do tego, do czego jeste\u015bmy przyzwyczajeni, tradycyjny japo\u0144ski kalendarz nie liczy lat tak jak nasz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Liczy lata w oparciu o okresy naznaczone wa\u017cnymi wydarzeniami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>W przesz\u0142o\u015bci wydarzeniem tym mog\u0142o by\u0107 cokolwiek znacz\u0105cego, np. narodziny kogo\u015b wa\u017cnego dla Japonii, rewolucja w gospodarce lub \u015bmier\u0107 kogo\u015b s\u0142awnego. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Faktem jest, \u017ce kiedy zaczyna si\u0119 era, liczenie lat zaczyna si\u0119 od nowa i trwa do momentu pojawienia si\u0119 nowej ery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z czasem te \"ery\" japo\u0144skiego kalendarza zacz\u0119\u0142y oznacza\u0107 jedynie pocz\u0105tek i koniec panowania ka\u017cdego japo\u0144skiego cesarza. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kiedy cesarz obejmuje tron, rozpoczyna si\u0119 nowa era, a kiedy umiera, obecna era si\u0119 ko\u0144czy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zgodnie z t\u0105 form\u0105 kalendarza, rok 2010 odpowiada 21 rokowi ery&nbsp;<acronym title=\"heisei\">\u5e73\u6210<\/acronym>Min\u0119\u0142o 21 lat odk\u0105d cesarz Akihito wst\u0105pi\u0142 na japo\u0144ski tron.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je\u015bli jeste\u015b ciekawy, poni\u017cej znajduje si\u0119 lista <a href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eras_do_Jap%C3%A3o\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">nowsze epoki<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><th>Ery<\/th><th>Nazwy epok<\/th><th>Okres<\/th><th>Cesarz<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>\u660e\u6cbb<\/td><td>To by\u0142o <strong>Meiji<\/strong><\/td><td>1868-1912<\/td><td>Cesarz Mutsuhito<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5927\u6b63<\/td><td>To by\u0142o <strong>Taishou<\/strong><\/td><td>1912-1926<\/td><td>Cesarz Yoshihito<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u662d\u548c<\/td><td>To by\u0142o <strong>Shouwa<\/strong><\/td><td>1926-1989<\/td><td>Cesarz Hirohito<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5e73\u6210<\/td><td>To by\u0142o <strong>Heisei<\/strong><\/td><td>1989-2019<\/td><td>Cesarz Akihito<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4ee4\u548c<\/td><td>To by\u0142o <strong>Reiwa<\/strong><\/td><td>2019 - obecnie<\/td><td>Imperator Reiwa<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00f3wimy, \u017ce ktokolwiek urodzi\u0142 si\u0119 w danej erze japo\u0144skiego kalendarza, urodzi\u0142 si\u0119 w roku tej ery. Na przyk\u0142ad ja urodzi\u0142em si\u0119 w 55 roku ery Shouwa, czyli w 1981 roku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A co z kalendarzem zachodnim?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ze wzgl\u0119du na zachodnie wp\u0142ywy, Japo\u0144czycy zacz\u0119li u\u017cywa\u0107 gregoria\u0144skiego systemu liczenia wraz z wieloma japo\u0144skimi symbolami u\u017cywanymi do reprezentowania&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/dni-tygodnia-w-jezyku-japonskim\/\">dni tygodnia po japo\u0144sku<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/meses-do-ano-em-japones\/\">miesi\u0105ce roku w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim<\/a>&nbsp;oraz&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/como-escrever-o-ano-em-japones\/\">rok w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim<\/a>&nbsp;siebie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Najciekawsz\u0105 rzecz\u0105 jest to, \u017ce liczby w japo\u0144skich kalendarzach s\u0105 zwykle zapisywane za pomoc\u0105 symboli indoarabskich (tych samych liczb, kt\u00f3rych u\u017cywamy) zamiast&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/numeros-em-japones-de-1-ao-20\/\">liczby po japo\u0144sku<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z powodu tej mieszanki&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/japonskie-symbole-jouyou-kanji\/\">Japo\u0144skie symbole<\/a>cyfry indoarabskie i&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/liczniki-do-liczenia-w-jezyku-japonskim\/\">Japo\u0144scy ksi\u0119gowi<\/a>Powsta\u0142a mieszanka kalendarza japo\u0144skiego i gregoria\u0144skiego.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>W ko\u0144cu to&nbsp;<em>Kalendarz japo\u0144ski-gregoria\u0144ski<\/em>&nbsp;by\u0142 kalendarzem przyj\u0119tym przez Japo\u0144czyk\u00f3w w ich codziennym \u017cyciu, ale instytucje publiczne i oficjalne dokumenty akceptuj\u0105 tylko daty zapisane zgodnie z tradycyjnym kalendarzem, zmuszaj\u0105c oba systemy liczenia do wsp\u00f3\u0142istnienia.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Japo\u0144ski kalendarz, w swojej oryginalnej formie, nie liczy lat tak jak nasz kalendarz gregoria\u0144ski. Tradycyjny kalendarz japo\u0144ski opiera si\u0119 na erach, w kt\u00f3rych liczenie jest wznawiane za ka\u017cdym razem, gdy ko\u0144czy si\u0119 jedna era i zaczyna kolejna.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":2740,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[94],"tags":[97,98],"class_list":["post-2734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultura-japonesa","tag-calendario-japones","tag-windows"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/calendario-japones-eras.jpg?fit=600%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1575,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/como-escrever-o-ano-em-japones\/","url_meta":{"origin":2734,"position":0},"title":"Jak napisa\u0107 rok po japo\u0144sku","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda agora a\u00a0como escrever o ano em japon\u00eas facilmente! 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