{"id":284,"date":"2015-03-28T20:26:22","date_gmt":"2015-03-28T23:26:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=284"},"modified":"2018-03-15T01:08:41","modified_gmt":"2018-03-15T04:08:41","slug":"particulas-basicas-parte-1-%e3%81%af-e-%e3%81%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/particulas-basicas-parte-1-%e3%81%af-e-%e3%81%8c\/","title":{"rendered":"Podstawowe cz\u0105stki - cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 1 (\u306f i \u304c)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"6493bc198c24843764e19a32ad573702\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-289 size-full\" title=\"Japo\u0144skie cz\u0105steczki\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/what-are-the-particles-in-japanese-and-how-to-use-the-particles-21647566.jpg?resize=400%2C233&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Japo\u0144skie cz\u0105steczki\" width=\"400\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/what-are-the-particles-in-japanese-and-how-to-use-the-particles-21647566.jpg?w=400&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/what-are-the-particles-in-japanese-and-how-to-use-the-particles-21647566.jpg?resize=300%2C175&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Przygotujcie si\u0119. Zaczynamy od irytuj\u0105cych drobiazg\u00f3w tego wspania\u0142ego j\u0119zyka.<\/p>\n<p>Cz\u0105steczki s\u0105 bardzo znienawidzone przez ludzi Zachodu, poniewa\u017c w zasadzie nie mamy odpowiednika w \u017cadnym zachodnim j\u0119zyku, wi\u0119c musimy trzyma\u0107 si\u0119 ich funkcjonalno\u015bci.<\/p>\n<p>Nie jest to niemo\u017cliwe, ale cz\u0119sto mo\u017cemy pomyli\u0107, w kt\u00f3rym punkcie mo\u017cemy umie\u015bci\u0107 t\u0119 lub inn\u0105 cz\u0105stk\u0119, poniewa\u017c maj\u0105 one podobne funkcje.<\/p>\n<p>Tak wi\u0119c, zanim zaczniesz wyrywa\u0107 sobie w\u0142osy z g\u0142owy, wiedz, \u017ce rzeczywi\u015bcie mo\u017cliwe jest ich opanowanie dzi\u0119ki intensywnemu u\u017cywaniu, to znaczy im wi\u0119cej czytasz i s\u0142yszysz te cz\u0105stki wstawione w jakim\u015b kontek\u015bcie, automatycznie b\u0119dziesz stopniowo internalizowa\u0107 t\u0119 koncepcj\u0119.<\/p>\n<p>Zawsze podkre\u015blamy, \u017ce nie powiniene\u015b pr\u00f3bowa\u0107 zrozumie\u0107 przyczyny rzeczy, ale raczej je zaakceptowa\u0107. Tak wi\u0119c ten post, podobnie jak inne, b\u0119dzie baz\u0105, dzi\u0119ki kt\u00f3rej po zrozumieniu, czym s\u0105 cz\u0105stki, mo\u017cesz stopniowo, w rzeczywisto\u015bci, zachowa\u0107 je w sobie, niekoniecznie martwi\u0105c si\u0119 o ich gramatyczn\u0105 funkcjonalno\u015b\u0107.<\/p>\n<h2>Wi\u0119c mo\u017ce zaczniemy?<\/h2>\n<p>Cz\u0105stki dyktuj\u0105 relacj\u0119 mi\u0119dzy jednym s\u0142owem a drugim, mi\u0119dzy czasownikami a s\u0142owami w zdaniu.<\/p>\n<p>Innymi s\u0142owy, s\u0105 one \"\u0142\u0105cznikami\", kt\u00f3re istniej\u0105 w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim. To niekoniecznie czyni je przyimkami w j\u0119zyku portugalskim.<\/p>\n<p>W rzeczywisto\u015bci jest do tego bardzo daleko.<\/p>\n<p>Mog\u0105 wskazywa\u0107 kierunek, o kim si\u0119 m\u00f3wi, gdzie si\u0119 m\u00f3wi, co nale\u017cy do kogo itp.<\/p>\n<p>Jak wida\u0107, r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105 si\u0119 one od przyimk\u00f3w.<\/p>\n<p>Ale to nie dlatego, \u017ce jest to trudne, oznacza, \u017ce jest to niemo\u017cliwe.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00f3jdziemy powoli?<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0Cz\u0105steczka \u306f(wa)<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-288 size-full\" title=\"Japo\u0144ski w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/ha.png?resize=204%2C262&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Japo\u0144ski w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci\" width=\"204\" height=\"262\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ci, kt\u00f3rzy s\u0105 zaznajomieni z japo\u0144skim alfabetem hiragany, wiedz\u0105, \u017ce ta sylaba (\u306f) jest w rzeczywisto\u015bci czytana jako: ha (rr\u00e1).<\/p>\n<p>Dlaczego wi\u0119c umie\u015bci\u0142em wa w nawiasie?<\/p>\n<p>Dlaczego, gdy sylaba \u306f jest u\u017cywana jako cz\u0105stka, czyta si\u0119 j\u0105 jako wa (u\u00e1).<\/p>\n<p>Dlaczego?<\/p>\n<p>Hmmm, nie mam poj\u0119cia, musz\u0119 przyzna\u0107. Mo\u017ce to co\u015b zwi\u0105zanego z korzeniami j\u0119zyka, ale lepiej nie spekulowa\u0107, prawda?<\/p>\n<p>Cz\u0105stka ta jest u\u017cywana do wskazania podmiotu zdania, tego, o czym si\u0119 m\u00f3wi. Kr\u00f3tko m\u00f3wi\u0105c, temat zdania.<\/p>\n<p>\u308f\u305f\u3057<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u306f<\/span><\/strong>\u30d9\u30a2\u30c8\u30ea\u30b9\u3067\u3059\u3002 I<strong> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Jestem<\/span><\/strong> Beatrice.<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u306f<\/strong><\/span>\u3048\u3093\u3093\u3074\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002 To <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00e9<\/span><\/strong> o\u0142\u00f3wek.<\/p>\n<p>Rozumiesz? To nie jest przyimek, wi\u0119c nie ma poprawnego t\u0142umaczenia.<\/p>\n<p>Wskazuje tylko, o kim lub o czym si\u0119 m\u00f3wi i jaki jest tego \"cel\". Tak wi\u0119c w t\u0142umaczeniu nale\u017cy u\u017cywa\u0107 tego, co najlepiej pasuje do danego j\u0119zyka.<\/p>\n<p>W tym przypadku <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Jestem<\/strong><\/span> e <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u00e9<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0Cz\u0105steczka \u304c (ga)<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-287 size-full\" title=\"Cz\u0105steczka \u304c (ga)\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/ga.png?resize=203%2C259&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Cz\u0105steczka \u304c (ga)\" width=\"203\" height=\"259\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3\u017c, nie trzeba wiele m\u00f3wi\u0107 na ten temat.<\/p>\n<p>Cz\u0105stka ta wskazuje podmiot zdania, osob\u0119, kt\u00f3rej przypisuje si\u0119 jak\u0105\u015b cech\u0119 lub kt\u00f3ra wykonuje jak\u0105\u015b czynno\u015b\u0107.<\/p>\n<p>Jest on cz\u0119sto mylony z cz\u0105steczk\u0105 \u306f ze wzgl\u0119du na podobn\u0105 funkcjonalno\u015b\u0107.<\/p>\n<p>Poniewa\u017c wskazanie podmiotu zdania i tematu zdania, w przypadku cz\u0105stki \u306f, w wielu przypadkach wygl\u0105da tak samo.<\/p>\n<p>\u3064\u304d<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u304c<\/strong><\/span>\u3067\u308b Ksi\u0119\u017cyc wyszed\u0142 (urodzi\u0142 si\u0119)<\/p>\n<p>\u3042\u305f\u307e<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u304c<\/strong><\/span>\u3044\u305f\u3044\u3002 Boli mnie g\u0142owa.<\/p>\n<p>W tym przypadku nie ma s\u0142owa, kt\u00f3re pokazuje si\u0119 jako t\u0142umaczenie dla cz\u0105stki \u304c, jest tam, po prostu pokazuj\u0105c, jaki jest podmiot zdania, a je\u015bli to rozumiemy, to ca\u0142kiem dobrze.<\/p>\n<p>Do nast\u0119pnego razu. Udanej nauki!<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Przygotuj si\u0119. Oto pocz\u0105tek irytuj\u0105cych drobiazg\u00f3w w tym cudownym j\u0119zyku. Cz\u0105stki s\u0105 bardzo znienawidzone przez ludzi Zachodu, poniewa\u017c generalnie nie mamy nic r\u00f3wnowa\u017cnego w \u017cadnym zachodnim j\u0119zyku, wi\u0119c musimy trzyma\u0107 si\u0119<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":289,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2,15],"class_list":["post-284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-japones","tag-idioma-japones","tag-particulas-basicas"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/what-are-the-particles-in-japanese-and-how-to-use-the-particles-21647566.jpg?fit=400%2C233&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2441,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/a-particle-japanese-e\/","url_meta":{"origin":284,"position":0},"title":"Cz\u0105stka E w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"14 de grudzie\u0144 de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Conhe\u00e7a\u00a0a part\u00edcula japonesa E e seu uso no idioma japon\u00eas! 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A part\u00edcula japonesa E Como quase 90% das frases que possuem a part\u00edcula\u00a0e\u00a0s\u00e3o usadas com\u2026","rel":"","context":"W \u201eGram\u00e1tica Japonesa&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Gram\u00e1tica Japonesa","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/gramatyka-japonska\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"A part\u00edcula japonesa E","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/a-particula-japonesa-e.png?fit=500%2C500&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1729,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/podstawowe-czasteczki-w-jezyku-japonskim\/","url_meta":{"origin":284,"position":1},"title":"Podstawowe cz\u0105stki w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"15 de listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Conhe\u00e7a e aprenda mais sobre\u00a0as part\u00edculas b\u00e1sicas em japon\u00eas! As part\u00edculas s\u00e3o pequenos elementos gramaticais, geralmente escritas usando uma \u00fanica s\u00edlaba do\u00a0alfabeto japon\u00eas em hiragana, e n\u00e3o possuem uma tradu\u00e7\u00e3o espec\u00edfica. A fun\u00e7\u00e3o das part\u00edculas em japon\u00eas \u00e9 puramente gramatical, servindo como uma marca para identificar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o das palavras\u2026","rel":"","context":"W \u201eCurso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/darmowy-kurs-japonskiego\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"As part\u00edculas b\u00e1sicas em japon\u00eas - \u5f7c\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/particulas-basicas-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1735,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/japonskie-koncowki-zdan\/","url_meta":{"origin":284,"position":2},"title":"Cz\u0105stki na ko\u0144cu zdania w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Saiba mais sobre as\u00a0Part\u00edculas para o final de frases em japon\u00eas! 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Part\u00edculas para o final de frases em japon\u00eas Apesar de possu\u00edrem significados semelhantes, essas part\u00edculas japonesas possuem caracter\u00edsticas bem particulares.\u2026","rel":"","context":"W \u201eCurso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curso de Japon\u00eas Gr\u00e1tis","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/darmowy-kurs-japonskiego\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Part\u00edculas para o final de frases em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/particulas-para-final-de-frases-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2351,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/czasteczka-wa\/","url_meta":{"origin":284,"position":3},"title":"Cz\u0105stka WA j\u0119zyka japo\u0144skiego","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"18 de listopad de 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Aprenda mais sobre\u00a0a part\u00edcula WA e seu uso no idioma japon\u00eas! A part\u00edcula\u00a0\u306f\u00a0\u00e9 uma das part\u00edculas fundamentais da l\u00edngua japonesa. Ela \u00e9 fundamental porque pode ser encontrada em mais de 80% das frases em japon\u00eas. Por causa disso, \u00e9 bom ficar atento \u00e0s suas peculiaridades e aprender o m\u00e1ximo poss\u00edvel\u2026","rel":"","context":"W \u201eGram\u00e1tica Japonesa&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Gram\u00e1tica Japonesa","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/gramatyka-japonska\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"A part\u00edcula WA","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/a-particula-wa.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/a-particula-wa.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/a-particula-wa.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2370,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/czastka-ya-w-jezyku-japonskim\/","url_meta":{"origin":284,"position":4},"title":"Cz\u0105stka YA w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"3 de luty de 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Agora vamos ampliar seu conhecimento sobre\u00a0a part\u00edcula YA em japon\u00eas! A principal fun\u00e7\u00e3o da part\u00edcula\u00a0ya\u00a0\u00e9 simplesmente criar listas de substantivos japoneses. Dessa forma, podemos citar um conjunto de coisas existentes em algum lugar ou coisas que iremos fazer. Neste momento, muitos leitores devem estar lembrando da part\u00edcula japonesa\u00a0to, que tamb\u00e9m\u2026","rel":"","context":"W \u201eGram\u00e1tica Japonesa&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Gram\u00e1tica Japonesa","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/gramatyka-japonska\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"A part\u00edcula YA em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/a-particula-ya-em-japones.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/a-particula-ya-em-japones.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/a-particula-ya-em-japones.png?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2436,"url":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/czastka-ni-w-japonskim\/","url_meta":{"origin":284,"position":5},"title":"Cz\u0105stka NI w j\u0119zyku japo\u0144skim","author":"L\u00edngua Japonesa","date":"13 de stycze\u0144 de 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Conhe\u00e7a mais sobre\u00a0a part\u00edcula NI em japon\u00eas em seus principais usos no NIHONGO! A part\u00edcula\u00a0ni\u00a0\u00e9 uma das part\u00edculas com mais fun\u00e7\u00f5es na gram\u00e1tica japonesa. Ela pode ser usada para indicar exist\u00eancia e localiza\u00e7\u00e3o, dire\u00e7\u00e3o de uma a\u00e7\u00e3o, espa\u00e7o de tempo e muito mais. O objetivo deste artigo n\u00e3o \u00e9 detalhar\u2026","rel":"","context":"W \u201ePart\u00edculas em Japon\u00eas&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Part\u00edculas em Japon\u00eas","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/czasteczki-w-jezyku-japonskim\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"A part\u00edcula NI em japon\u00eas","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/particula-ni-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C500&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=284"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/284\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/289"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=284"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=284"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}