{"id":1686,"date":"2009-11-03T04:54:11","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T06:54:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=1686"},"modified":"2018-03-09T22:26:09","modified_gmt":"2018-03-10T01:26:09","slug":"substantivos-em-japones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/substantivos-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"5314318104f58bbaa8a7838e0c35cb10\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- Ads responsivo Inicio Post CAJap -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0652292147574552\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3298668993\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Conhe\u00e7a agora mais sobre\u00a0<strong>os substantivos em japon\u00eas<\/strong> do nihongo!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Como muitos j\u00e1 devem saber, os substantivos s\u00e3o palavras usadas para referenciar (designar) pessoas, lugares, animais, pensamentos ou conceitos. \u00c9 importante conhecer o m\u00e1ximo de substantivos que conseguir, uma vez que, sem eles, n\u00e3o seremos capazes de discorrer sobre coisas concretas (peixe, caneta, pessoa, bolo\u2026) e muito menos sobre conceitos mais abstratos (paz, amor, carinho\u2026).<\/p>\n<h2>\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>Os substantivos s\u00e3o a base para a comunica\u00e7\u00e3o em qualquer idioma. Mas n\u00e3o esque\u00e7a de aprender um pouco de gram\u00e1tica, pois precisamos saber como ordenar e relacionar as palavras de forma coerente.<span id=\"more-271\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Sobre os artigos<\/h2>\n<p>Essa foi a primeira coisa que chamou a minha aten\u00e7\u00e3o na l\u00edngua japonesa. N\u00e3o existe algo equivalente aos nossos artigos definidos (o, a, os e as) e indefinidos (um, uma, uns, umas). O significado exato de uma palavra s\u00f3 \u00e9 conhecida atrav\u00e9s de seu contexto. Dessa forma, a palavra\u00a0<acronym title=\"\u0441\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430 - \u0440\u044b\u0431\u0430\">\u9b5a<\/acronym>\u00a0pode significar &#8220;um peixe&#8221; ou &#8220;o peixe&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Quando desejamos ser mais espec\u00edficos, podemos usar\u00a0<a title=\"\u0414\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435\" href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/pronomes-demonstrativos-em-japones\/\">pronomes demonstrativos em japon\u00eas<\/a>\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u00a0<acronym title=\"kono - isto, este e esta\">\u3053\u306e<\/acronym>,\u00a0<acronym title=\"sono - isso, esse e essa\">\u305d\u306e<\/acronym>\u00a0e\u00a0<acronym title=\"ano - aquilo, aquele, aquela\">\u3042\u306e<\/acronym>, antes do substantivo ou ent\u00e3o usar contadores, mas isso \u00e9 algo que vamos abordar em outra oportunidade.<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Sobre g\u00eanero e n\u00famero<\/h2>\n<p>A l\u00edngua japonesa complica muito a vida dos iniciantes quando se trata de g\u00eanero (masculino\/feminino) e n\u00famero (plural e singular). Para termos uma id\u00e9ia, vamos usar a palavra\u00a0<acronym title=\"ko - crian\u00e7a, garoto, garota, menino, menina\">\u5b50<\/acronym>. \u00c9 isso mesmo que voc\u00ea deve estar imaginando. O kanji\u00a0<acronym title=\"ko - crian\u00e7a, garoto, garota, menino, menina\">\u5b50<\/acronym>\u00a0pode ser traduzido como &#8220;garoto&#8221;, &#8220;garota&#8221;, &#8220;garotos&#8221; ou &#8220;garotas&#8221;, sem fazer a menor distin\u00e7\u00e3o entre g\u00eanero e n\u00famero.<\/p>\n<p>Apesar de confundir, os substantivos japoneses facilitam o aprendizado, j\u00e1 que eles nunca s\u00e3o modificados em sua forma, apresentando sempre a mesma constru\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<h2>Como n\u00e3o se confundir<\/h2>\n<p>Para n\u00e3o fazer confus\u00e3o entre masculino e feminino, os japoneses usam combina\u00e7\u00f5es de kanjis para tornar a conversa mais objetiva e um pouco menos confusa. Para deixar as coisas mais claras, vamos usar a frase\u00a0<acronym title=\"kore wa ko desu.\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5b50\u3067\u3059<\/acronym>.<\/p>\n<p>De cara, n\u00e3o d\u00e1 para saber se estamos falando de algu\u00e9m no masculino ou feminino. Tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o d\u00e1 para saber se a frase \u00e9 sobre uma ou mais pessoas. Fica dif\u00edcil at\u00e9 arriscar uma tradu\u00e7\u00e3o para o portugu\u00eas.<\/p>\n<p>Para facilitar a compreens\u00e3o, precisamos acrescentar mais palavras na frase. Veja os exemplos abaixo:<\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kore wa otokonoko desu. - Este \u00e9 um garoto. (homem crian\u00e7a)\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u7537\u306e\u5b50\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"kore wa onnanoko desu. - Esta \u00e9 uma garota. (mulher crian\u00e7a)\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5973\u306e\u5b50\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kore wa onnanoko ga gonin desu. - Estas s\u00e3o cinco garotas.\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5973\u306e\u5b50\u304c\u4e94\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p><acronym title=\"Kore wa otokonoko ga rokunin desu. - Estes s\u00e3o seis garotos.\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u7537\u306e\u5b50\u304c\u516d\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/acronym><\/p>\n<p>Apesar da demonstra\u00e7\u00e3o que podemos formar frases de modo mais claro, elas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o muito usadas pelos japoneses, exceto em casos onde realmente se faz necess\u00e1rio distinguir entre g\u00eanero e n\u00famero. Os japoneses sempre preferem deixar o sentido real das coisas no seu contexto e n\u00e3o de forma expl\u00edcita.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0437\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/como-escrever-as-letras-japonesas-kanjis\/\">\u042f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b<\/a>\u00a0\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435. \u0412\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0437\u0438, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/in\/imprimir-para-treinar-kanas-e-kanjis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0437\u0438<\/a>\u00a0\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 47px\" border=\"0\" width=\"314\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u9b5a<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5b50<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u7537<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u5973<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u4eba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0423\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043e \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e! \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0441, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442, \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439. \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":1688,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,75],"tags":[27,71,2,3],"class_list":["post-1686","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-substantivos-japoneses","tag-gramatica","tag-gramatica-japonesa","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/substantivos-em-japones.png?fit=500%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1686","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1686"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1686\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1688"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1686"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1686"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}