{"id":2099,"date":"2009-11-03T06:27:29","date_gmt":"2009-11-03T08:27:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/?p=2099"},"modified":"2026-08-19T20:03:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T23:03:38","slug":"%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%bf%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b2%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b6%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/frases-imperativas-em-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0418\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435: \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>O <strong>\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c<\/strong> \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e. \u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f <span lang=\"ja\">\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62<\/span> (<em>\u043c\u044d\u0439\u0440\u044d\u0439\u043a\u044d\u0439<\/em>) \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0447\u0451\u043c-\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e, \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 <span lang=\"ja\">\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0430<\/span> \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0442\u043e: <strong>\u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0430, \u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440<\/h2>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430<\/th><th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/th><th>\u0421\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u3051<\/span><\/td><td>\u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f + <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304f\u306a<\/span><\/td><td>\u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442: \u201c\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0438\u201d<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span> + <span lang=\"ja\">\u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304d\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>\u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0441 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span> + <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u3063\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>\u0412\u0435\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044c\u0431\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3044\u3067<\/span> + <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span><\/td><td>\u0412\u0435\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044c\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span> + <span lang=\"ja\">\u0434\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308c<\/span><\/td><td>\u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044c\u0431\u0430<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>\u041d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u0435\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/%d0%b3%d1%80%d1%83%d0%bf%d0%bf%d1%8b-%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b2-%d0%b2-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bc-%d1%8f%d0%b7%d1%8b%d0%ba%d0%b5\/\">\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435<\/a> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b 1<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0423 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b 1, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 <strong>\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d<\/strong>, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 <em>u<\/em> \u0432 \u0440\u044f\u0434 <em>e<\/em>. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>\u041e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th><th>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th><th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3046<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3048<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8cb7\u3046 \u2192 \u8cb7\u3048<\/span> (<em>kau \u2192 kae<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u304f<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3051<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304f \u2192 \u66f8\u3051<\/span> (<em>kaku \u2192 kake<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3050<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3052<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6cf3\u3050 \u2192 \u6cf3\u3052<\/span> (<em>oyogu \u2192 oyoge<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u305b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u3059 \u2192 \u8a71\u305b<\/span> (<em>hanasu \u2192 hanase<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3064<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5f85\u3064 \u2192 \u5f85\u3066<\/span> (<em>matsu \u2192 mate<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306c<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u306d<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u6b7b\u306c \u2192 \u6b7b\u306d<\/span> (<em>shinu \u2192 shine<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3076<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3079<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u904a\u3076 \u2192 \u904a\u3079<\/span> (<em>asobu \u2192 asobe<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3080<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3081<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u8aad\u3080 \u2192 \u8aad\u3081<\/span> (<em>yomu \u2192 yome<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u308c<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b \u2192 \u5e30\u308c<\/span> (<em>kaeru \u2192 kaere<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438: <strong>\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b, \u043e\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 2<\/strong>. <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> (\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f), <span lang=\"ja\">\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438<\/span> (\u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c) \u0438 <span lang=\"ja\">\u8d70\u308b<\/span> (\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c) \u2014 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b 1; \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f <span lang=\"ja\">\u0418\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0439<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u308c<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u8d70\u308c<\/span>. \u041e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp\/modules\/ja\/gmod\/contents_m\/explanation\/039.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0445 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0422\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/a> \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b \u043d\u0430 <em>-iru<\/em> e <em>-eru<\/em> \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 1.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b 2<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0423 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b 2, \u0438\u043b\u0438 <strong>\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d<\/strong>, \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span> \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 <span lang=\"ja\">\u308d<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u308d<\/span> (<em>taberu \u2192 tabero<\/em>) \u2014 \u0435\u0448\u044c;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u898b\u308b \u2192 \u898b\u308d<\/span> (<em>miru \u2192 miro<\/em>) \u2014 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u8d77\u304d\u308b \u2192 \u8d77\u304d\u308d<\/span> (<em>okiru \u2192 okiro<\/em>) \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0441\u044c;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6559\u3048\u308b \u2192 \u6559\u3048\u308d<\/span> (<em>oshieru \u2192 oshiero<\/em>) \u2014 \u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3088<\/span>\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u3088<\/span>, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308d<\/span> \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gavo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp\/ojad\/search\/index\/textbook%3A13\/section%3A50\/order%3Aname\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">OJAD, \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043e<\/a>, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430\u043c.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u3059\u308b \u0438 \u6765\u308b<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0414\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u308d<\/span> (<em>suru \u2192 shiro<\/em>) \u2014 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3044<\/span> (<em>kuru \u2192 koi<\/em>) \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u305b\u3088<\/span> \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0439 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438, \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u044b, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 <span lang=\"ja\">\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e<\/span> \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u041e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e! \u0411\u0435\u0433\u0438!<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Abunai! Nigero!<\/em><br \/>\n\u041e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e! \u0411\u0435\u0433\u0438!<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u30dc\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u898b\u308d\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>B\u014dru o miro.<\/em><br \/>\n\u0421\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u044f\u0447.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u9759\u304b\u306b\u3057\u308d\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Shizuka ni shiro.<\/em><br \/>\n\u0422\u0438\u0445\u043e!.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3063\u3061\u3078\u6765\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kocchi e koi.<\/em><br \/>\n\u0418\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u0418\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0441 \u306a<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e <strong>\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435, \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span><\/strong>. . <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0430:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b\u306a\u3002<\/span> (<em>Taberu na.<\/em>) \u2014 \u041d\u0435 \u0435\u0448\u044c.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u884c\u304f\u306a\u3002<\/span> (<em>Iku na.<\/em>) \u2014 \u041d\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0438.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u306b\u5165\u308b\u306a\u3002<\/span> (<em>Koko ni hairu na.<\/em>) \u2014 \u041d\u0435 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u5fc3\u914d\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3002<\/span> (<em>Shinpai suru na.<\/em>) \u2014 N\u00e3o se preocupe.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b\u306a\u3002<\/span> (<em>Kuru na.<\/em>) \u2014 N\u00e3o venha.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>N\u00e3o confunda essa constru\u00e7\u00e3o com outros usos de <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> no fim da frase. Aqui, a sequ\u00eancia <span lang=\"ja\">V\u308b\u306a<\/span> funciona como uma proibi\u00e7\u00e3o forte. Para falar diretamente com algu\u00e9m com mais cuidado, use <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>. Para explicar regras e coisas que n\u00e3o s\u00e3o permitidas, consulte o guia sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%ba-%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b7%d1%80%d0%b5%d1%88%d0%b0%d1%82%d1%8c-%d0%b8-%d0%b7%d0%b0%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d1%89%d0%b0%d1%82%d1%8c-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bc\/\">como pedir permiss\u00e3o e proibir em japon\u00eas<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<!--Ads6-->\n\n<h2>Quando a forma imperativa \u00e9 usada<\/h2>\n\n<p>A forma imperativa direta n\u00e3o \u00e9 simplesmente \u201cerrada\u201d ou \u201cproibida\u201d na conversa. Ela \u00e9 adequada quando a for\u00e7a do comando combina com a situa\u00e7\u00e3o. Pode aparecer em:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>avisos urgentes: <span lang=\"ja\">\u9003\u3052\u308d\uff01<\/span> \u2014 \u201cFuja!\u201d;<\/li>\n<li>instru\u00e7\u00f5es r\u00e1pidas em esportes e atividades de equipe;<\/li>\n<li>ordens institucionais, militares ou de algu\u00e9m com autoridade expl\u00edcita;<\/li>\n<li>frases de incentivo, lemas e linguagem ret\u00f3rica;<\/li>\n<li>di\u00e1logos de fic\u00e7\u00e3o e cita\u00e7\u00f5es de uma ordem: <span lang=\"ja\">\u300c\u6765\u3044\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u305f<\/span> \u2014 \u201cdisse \u2018venha\u2019\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Entre desconhecidos, colegas sem intimidade ou em atendimento, a mesma forma pode soar agressiva. Anime, mang\u00e1, filmes e jogos s\u00e3o \u00fateis para reconhecer o padr\u00e3o, mas o di\u00e1logo dram\u00e1tico n\u00e3o deve ser copiado automaticamente para uma conversa real.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o h\u00e1 uma divis\u00e3o segura do tipo \u201cesta forma \u00e9 de homem\u201d ou \u201caquela \u00e9 de mulher\u201d. Tend\u00eancias de fala variam por \u00e9poca, regi\u00e3o, personagem, grupo e identidade. Para aprender a usar o imperativo, observe principalmente <strong>registro, hierarquia, intimidade, urg\u00eancia e inten\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Alternativas ao imperativo direto<\/h2>\n\n<h3>V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044: pedido ou instru\u00e7\u00e3o polida<\/h3>\n\n<p>Use a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0-te-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8%d1%85-%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b2\/\">\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u3066<\/a> seguida de <span lang=\"ja\">\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span> para formular um pedido ou uma instru\u00e7\u00e3o polida:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u306b\u540d\u524d\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u3053\u3053\u306b\u540d\u524d\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002.<\/em><br \/>\nPor favor, escreva seu nome aqui.<\/p>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00149\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">explica\u00e7\u00e3o da Japan Foundation para V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/a> apresenta a constru\u00e7\u00e3o como uma maneira polida de dar instru\u00e7\u00f5es ou comandos. \u201cPolida\u201d n\u00e3o significa necessariamente \u201copcional\u201d: em sala de aula, formul\u00e1rios e procedimentos, ela pode ser uma instru\u00e7\u00e3o que se espera que a pessoa siga.<\/p>\n\n<h3>V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044: pe\u00e7a para n\u00e3o fazer<\/h3>\n\n<p>Para pedir que algu\u00e9m n\u00e3o realize uma a\u00e7\u00e3o, use a forma negativa em <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a\u3044<\/span>, acrescente <span lang=\"ja\">\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span> e obtenha <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u3053\u3067\u5199\u771f\u3092\u64ae\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Koko de shashin o toranaide kudasai.<\/em><br \/>\nPor favor, n\u00e3o tire fotos aqui.<\/p>\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kyozai.jpf.go.jp\/kyozai\/material\/BTS00136\/ja\/render.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Japan Foundation explica V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/a> como uma instru\u00e7\u00e3o para n\u00e3o fazer algo e destaca a import\u00e2ncia da rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre falante e ouvinte.<\/p>\n\n<h3>V\u306a\u3055\u3044: instru\u00e7\u00e3o, corre\u00e7\u00e3o ou repreens\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">\u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/span> se liga ao radical da <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0-%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%83-%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b2-%d0%b2-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bc-%d1%8f%d0%b7%d1%8b%d0%ba\/\">\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u307e\u3059<\/a>. Retire <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span> \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 <span lang=\"ja\">\u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u66f8\u304d\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span> \u2014 escreva;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u98df\u3079\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span> \u2014 coma;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u3057\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span> \u2014 fa\u00e7a;<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u6765\u306a\u3055\u3044<\/span> \u2014 venha.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Essa forma \u00e9 comum em instru\u00e7\u00f5es de pais ou respons\u00e1veis a crian\u00e7as, de professores a alunos e em outras rela\u00e7\u00f5es nas quais o falante assume autoridade ou responsabilidade. Ela pode soar menos abrupta que <span lang=\"ja\">\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62<\/span>, mas ainda \u00e9 uma ordem e n\u00e3o equivale simplesmente a \u201cpor favor\u201d. Seu uso n\u00e3o \u00e9 determinado pelo g\u00eanero do falante.<\/p>\n\n<h3>V\u3066 e V\u3066\u304f\u308c: pedidos informais<\/h3>\n\n<p>Entre pessoas pr\u00f3ximas, a forma <span lang=\"ja\">\u3066<\/span> sozinha pode funcionar como um pedido casual:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u5f85\u3063\u3066\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Chotto matte.<\/em><br \/>\nEspere um pouco.<\/p>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u308c<\/span> apresenta a a\u00e7\u00e3o como algo que o ouvinte far\u00e1 para o falante. \u00c9 informal, direto e pode soar \u00e1spero:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u624b\u7d19\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u304f\u308c\u3002<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Kono tegami o yonde kure.<\/em><br \/>\nLeia esta carta para mim.<\/p>\n\n<p>Com algu\u00e9m de posi\u00e7\u00e3o superior ou em um pedido delicado, prefira constru\u00e7\u00f5es interrogativas mais cuidadosas, como <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3051\u307e\u3059\u304b<\/span>, \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u308c<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>V\u305f\u307e\u3048: forma marcada que conv\u00e9m reconhecer<\/h3>\n\n<p><span lang=\"ja\">V\u305f\u307e\u3048<\/span> \u00e9 formado com o radical de <span lang=\"ja\">\u307e\u3059<\/span>: <span lang=\"ja\">\u5ea7\u308a\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u5ea7\u308a\u305f\u307e\u3048<\/span>. Hoje, essa forma tende a soar marcada, antiga, autorit\u00e1ria ou associada a certos personagens e estilos. \u00c9 \u00fatil para compreens\u00e3o de fic\u00e7\u00e3o e textos, mas n\u00e3o deve ser tratada como alternativa neutra para pedidos cotidianos.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Compare a mesma a\u00e7\u00e3o em n\u00edveis diferentes<\/h2>\n\n<p>Veja como \u201cler este livro\u201d muda de acordo com a forma escolhida:<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>\u0424\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430<\/th><th>\u0427\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th><th>\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3081\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><em>Kono hon o yome.<\/em><\/td><td>Leia este livro. Ordem direta.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><em>Kono hon o yominasai.<\/em><\/td><td>Leia este livro. Instru\u00e7\u00e3o com autoridade.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><em>Kono hon o yonde kudasai.<\/em><\/td><td>Por favor, leia este livro. Pedido ou instru\u00e7\u00e3o polida.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><em>Kono hon o yonde.<\/em><\/td><td>L\u00ea este livro. Pedido casual, dependente da entona\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><span lang=\"ja\">\u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u304f\u308c\u3002<\/span><\/td><td><em>Kono hon o yonde kure.<\/em><\/td><td>Leia este livro para mim. Pedido direto e informal.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>A melhor op\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o vem apenas da gram\u00e1tica. Pergunte: quem fala com quem, em qual ambiente, com que urg\u00eancia e com qual direito de orientar a a\u00e7\u00e3o? Essa an\u00e1lise de contexto faz parte dos <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%8b-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b9-%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b8\/\">\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Erros comuns ao formar frases imperativas<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Trocar todo <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span> \u043d\u0430 <span lang=\"ja\">\u308d<\/span>:<\/strong> isso funciona para o grupo 2, mas <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> \u00e9 do grupo 1 e vira <span lang=\"ja\">\u0418\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0439<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> antes do verbo:<\/strong> a proibi\u00e7\u00e3o direta \u00e9 <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b\u306a<\/span>, com <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span> depois da forma do dicion\u00e1rio.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Traduzir <span lang=\"ja\">\u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/span> sempre como \u201cpor favor\u201d:<\/strong> a forma expressa instru\u00e7\u00e3o ou ordem e pressup\u00f5e alguma autoridade.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Copiar falas de personagens sem observar o contexto:<\/strong> uma frase natural em uma cena de conflito pode ser grosseira no cotidiano.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confundir proibi\u00e7\u00e3o com pedido negativo:<\/strong> <span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u308b\u306a<\/span> \u00e9 forte; <span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span> formula um pedido ou instru\u00e7\u00e3o polida.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2>\u0411\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n\n<p>Transforme ou complete as frases:<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 <span lang=\"ja\">\u5e30\u308b<\/span> para o imperativo direto.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308b<\/span> para o imperativo direto.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b<\/span> para o imperativo direto.<\/li>\n<li>Diga \u201cN\u00e3o fale\u201d como proibi\u00e7\u00e3o direta, usando <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u3059<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Diga \u201cPor favor, n\u00e3o entre\u201d com <span lang=\"ja\">\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Qual op\u00e7\u00e3o seria normalmente mais apropriada para pedir a um amigo que espere: <span lang=\"ja\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0438<\/span> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <span lang=\"ja\">\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u5f85\u3063\u3066<\/span>?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b:<\/strong> 1. <span lang=\"ja\">\u0418\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0439<\/span>; 2. <span lang=\"ja\">\u98df\u3079\u308d<\/span>; 3. <span lang=\"ja\">\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e<\/span>; 4. <span lang=\"ja\">\u8a71\u3059\u306a<\/span>; 5. <span lang=\"ja\">\u5165\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>; 6. <span lang=\"ja\">\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u5f85\u3063\u3066<\/span>, salvo se a situa\u00e7\u00e3o justificar uma ordem forte.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Grupo 1: mude a termina\u00e7\u00e3o da linha de <em>u<\/em> \u0432 \u0440\u044f\u0434 <em>e<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Grupo 2: retire <span lang=\"ja\">\u308b<\/span> \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 <span lang=\"ja\">\u308d<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Irregulares: <span lang=\"ja\">\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u308d<\/span> e <span lang=\"ja\">\u6765\u308b \u2192 \u6765\u3044<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Proibi\u00e7\u00e3o direta: forma do dicion\u00e1rio + <span lang=\"ja\">\u306a<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"ja\">\u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/span> expressa instru\u00e7\u00e3o ou repreens\u00e3o com autoridade; n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma forma ligada a um g\u00eanero espec\u00edfico.<\/li>\n<li>Para pedidos comuns, <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span>, <span lang=\"ja\">V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/span> e, entre pessoas pr\u00f3ximas, <span lang=\"ja\">V\u3066<\/span> costumam ser op\u00e7\u00f5es mais adequadas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Pratique primeiro com verbos cuja classifica\u00e7\u00e3o voc\u00ea conhece. Depois, compare a forma imperativa com a <a href=\"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/%d0%bd%d0%b5%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d1%8f%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b5-%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%8b\/\">\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435<\/a> para reconhecer quando a frase \u00e9 uma ordem, uma proibi\u00e7\u00e3o ou apenas uma afirma\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-808fcc2bc41b0\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b. \u0412 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 1 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u044d. \u0412 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 2 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u308b \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u308d. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435: \u3059\u308b\u2192\u3057\u308d \u0438 \u6765\u308b\u2192\u6765\u3044.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-151382ecd572b\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 1-\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 e: \u66f8\u304f\u2192\u66f8\u3051, \u8aad\u3080\u2192\u8aad\u3081, \u5f85\u3064\u2192\u5f85\u3066 \u0438 \u5e30\u308b\u2192\u5e30\u308c. \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b 1, \u043e\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u308b, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b 2.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-a50ef6698531b\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b 2?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0423\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u308b \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u308d. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u98df\u3079\u308b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u98df\u3079\u308d, \u898b\u308b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u898b\u308d, \u0430 \u8d77\u304d\u308b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u8d77\u304d\u308d.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-c41560dba5688\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u3059\u308b \u0438 \u6765\u308b?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u3059\u308b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u3057\u308d, \u0430 \u6765\u308b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u6765\u3044. \u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u305b\u3088 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u3059\u308b \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438, \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-16fc53faa3bf3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u00ab\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439\u00bb \u043f\u043e-\u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u306a: \u98df\u3079\u308b\u306a \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u2018\u043d\u0435 \u0435\u0448\u044c\u2019, \u0430 \u884c\u304f\u306a \u2014 \u2018\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0438\u2019. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044c\u0431\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 V\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-8a89d6fbe1bcf\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0412 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u547d\u4ee4\u5f62 \u0438 V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u884c\u3051. V\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044c\u0431\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u884c\u3063\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-aa6ae30bba946\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u306a\u3055\u3044 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u041d\u0435\u0442. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u306a\u3055\u3044 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u044f\u043c, \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-445a66c393fbe\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u041c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043b\u0438 \u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0443 \u0432 \u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0435?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0438 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044b, \u306a\u3055\u3044, \u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2100,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,73,60],"tags":[69,2,3],"class_list":["post-2099","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curso-de-japones-gratis","category-verbos-em-japones","category-vocabulario-japones","tag-curso-japones-gratis","tag-idioma-japones","tag-nihongo","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2099","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2099"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2099\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4445,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2099\/revisions\/4445"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2099"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2099"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/comoaprenderjapones.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2099"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}